BBA 103 Business Mathematics Notes from Unnati Educations cover all 4 units of the GGSIPU BBA Semester 1 paper in 110 pages, with 163 solved examples and 59 practice questions with answer keys. They follow the NEP-based BBA scheme that applies from the 2024-25 academic session, and the full notes come as a printed book, not a PDF.
Written by Prateek Talwar, Founder, Unnati Educations · Checked against BBAwef2024_25_200125.pdf (ipu.ac.in) · Updated 13 October 2026 · Editorial policy
Scheme: BBA Scheme & Syllabus (NEP Based) | Applies to: academic session 2024-25 onwards | Verified against: BBAwef2024_25_200125.pdf, checked 13 Oct 2026
BBA 103 Business Mathematics at a glance: GGSIPU BBA Sem 1 credits, units and exam pattern
BBA 103 is the only mathematics paper in BBA Semester 1, running from counting and matrices to calculus, annuities and probability.
| Code and title | BBA 103 Business Mathematics |
|---|---|
| Course and semester | BBA, Semester 1 |
| Category and credits | Discipline Specific Course / Major · 4 credits · 4 lecture hours a week |
| Marks | 100: 40 internal + 60 end-term |
| Applies to | Academic session 2024-25 onwards |
| End-term pattern | 60 marks; question pattern not printed in the official PDF |
| Exam duration | 3 hours |
| Units | 4, of 15 teaching hours each |
| Paired lab | None (theory paper) |
The syllabus page prints L-3, T-1 but the scheme table prints 4 lecture hours; credits are 4 in both, and we follow the scheme table.
It sits with seven other GGSIPU BBA Semester 1 papers.
BBA 103 Business Mathematics Notes unit-wise: 163 solved examples across 4 units
The four units fill pages 6 to 109, each ending with a formula sheet, common mistakes, practice questions and a revision table. The sample PDF above shows one page per unit.
These BBA 103 Business Mathematics IPU notes keep the official unit order, including permutation and combination in Unit 2. Other papers are under GGSIPU BBA notes.
BBA 103 Unit 1: Principle of Counting
Factorials, AND/OR counting rules, induction proofs, AP and GP through salary increments and loan repayments, and functions ending with break-even.
Pages 6 to 33: factorial p6, counting p9, induction p13, AP p16, GP p20, functions p25. 48 solved examples.
| Point | Multiplication principle | Addition principle |
|---|---|---|
| Key word | "AND": both steps happen | "OR": only one happens |
| Operation | m × n ways | m + n ways |
| Example | 4 shirts and 3 trousers = 12 outfits | 5 Dell or 4 HP laptops = 9 choices |
Quick look: AND rule vs OR rule (from page 9)
- Point
- Key word
- Multiplication principle
- "AND": both steps happen
- Addition principle
- "OR": only one happens
- Point
- Operation
- Multiplication principle
- m × n ways
- Addition principle
- m + n ways
- Point
- Example
- Multiplication principle
- 4 shirts and 3 trousers = 12 outfits
- Addition principle
- 5 Dell or 4 HP laptops = 9 choices
BBA 103 Unit 2: Matrix Algebra
Determinants, then three ways to solve linear systems (Cramer's rule, the adjoint method, Gaussian elimination with rank), applied to Leontief input-output analysis and a depreciation lapse schedule.
Pages 34 to 61: determinants p40, inverse p46, rank p48, applications p50, permutation and combination p53. 37 solved examples.
| Ranks | Nature of the system |
|---|---|
| ρ(A) = ρ[A | B] = n | Consistent, unique solution |
| ρ(A) = ρ[A | B] < n | Consistent, infinitely many solutions |
| ρ(A) ≠ ρ[A | B] | Inconsistent, no solution |
Quick look: rank test for consistency (from page 49)
- Ranks
- ρ(A) = ρ[A | B] = n
- Nature of the system
- Consistent, unique solution
- Ranks
- ρ(A) = ρ[A | B] < n
- Nature of the system
- Consistent, infinitely many solutions
- Ranks
- ρ(A) ≠ ρ[A | B]
- Nature of the system
- Inconsistent, no solution
BBA 103 Unit 3: Differential Calculus
Parametric, logarithmic and inverse-function derivatives, marginal cost and elasticity, maxima, minima and inflexion, Lagrange multipliers and annuities.
Pages 62 to 86: rate measure p69, maxima and minima p71, Lagrange p77, annuities p79, method-choice table p83. 41 solved examples, 3 figures.
| Test | Maximum at x = a | Minimum at x = a |
|---|---|---|
| First derivative | f'(a) = 0, f' changes + to − | f'(a) = 0, f' changes − to + |
| Second derivative | f'(a) = 0, f''(a) < 0 | f'(a) = 0, f''(a) > 0 |
| If f''(a) = 0 | Use the first derivative test | |
BBA 103 Unit 4: Integral Calculus
Also covered as "Integral Calculus and Probability": substitution, parts and partial fractions, total cost from marginal cost, the learning curve, Bayes' theorem and three distributions.
Pages 87 to 109: techniques p88, definite integrals p92, applications p94, learning curve p98, probability p99, distributions p102. 37 solved examples, 3 figures.
| Point | Binomial | Poisson | Normal |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Discrete | Discrete | Continuous |
| Mean / variance | np / npq | m / m | μ / σ² |
| Used for | Fixed yes/no trials | Rare events | Measurements |
Quick look: binomial, Poisson and normal side by side (from page 105)
- Point
- Type
- Binomial
- Discrete
- Poisson
- Discrete
- Normal
- Continuous
- Point
- Mean / variance
- Binomial
- np / npq
- Poisson
- m / m
- Normal
- μ / σ²
- Point
- Used for
- Binomial
- Fixed yes/no trials
- Poisson
- Rare events
- Normal
- Measurements
Profit, consumption and consumer's surplus by integration: excerpt from page 96 of the BBA 103 notes
Excerpt from page 96
Profit from marginal revenue and marginal cost
Suppose MR = 50 − 2q and MC = 10 + 2q, and the fixed cost is ₹50. Profit is highest where MR = MC, so 50 − 2q = 10 + 2q, which gives q = 10. The slope of MC is greater than the slope of MR at this point, so it is a maximum and not a minimum.
Profit is the area between the MR and MC curves from 0 to the best output, minus the fixed cost:
Profit = ∫₀¹⁰ (MR − MC) dq − 50
= ∫₀¹⁰ (40 − 4q) dq − 50
= [40q − 2q²]₀¹⁰ − 50
= (400 − 200) − 50 = 150Answer: q = 10 units; maximum profit ₹150.
Consumption function from the MPC
If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.8 and consumption is ₹50 crore when income is zero, then dC/dY = 0.8. Integrating, C = 0.8Y + K. Putting Y = 0 and C = 50 gives K = 50, so the consumption function is C = 50 + 0.8Y.
Consumer's and producer's surplus
Consumer's surplus (CS) is the extra benefit buyers get because they would have paid more than the market price. Producer's surplus (PS) is the extra gain sellers get because they would have sold for less. On a graph each surplus is an area, so it is found by integration. With market price p₀ and quantity q₀:
CS = ∫₀^q₀ D(q) dq − p₀q₀
PS = p₀q₀ − ∫₀^q₀ S(q) dqHere D(q) is the demand function and S(q) is the supply function.
- CS is the area below the demand curve and above the price line.
- PS is the area above the supply curve and below the price line.
- Under pure competition, p₀ and q₀ come from the equilibrium, where demand equals supply.
BBA 103 exam corner: 32 short-answer and 27 long-answer practice questions by unit
Every numerical practice question carries its answer in brackets; the notes print no marks against them.
| Unit | Short-answer | Long-answer | Solved examples |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit 1 (p31 to 32) | 10 | 8 | 48 |
| Unit 2 (p59 to 60) | 8 | 7 | 37 |
| Unit 3 (p85) | 7 | 6 | 41 |
| Unit 4 (p109) | 7 | 6 | 37 |
| Total | 32 | 27 | 163 |
BBA 103 practice questions and solved examples per unit
- Unit
- Unit 1 (p31 to 32)
- Short-answer
- 10
- Long-answer
- 8
- Solved examples
- 48
- Unit
- Unit 2 (p59 to 60)
- Short-answer
- 8
- Long-answer
- 7
- Solved examples
- 37
- Unit
- Unit 3 (p85)
- Short-answer
- 7
- Long-answer
- 6
- Solved examples
- 41
- Unit
- Unit 4 (p109)
- Short-answer
- 7
- Long-answer
- 6
- Solved examples
- 37
- Unit
- Total
- Short-answer
- 32
- Long-answer
- 27
- Solved examples
- 163
- Unit 1: Savings start at ₹500 and rise ₹100 a month. When do they total ₹16,100? Pointer: AP sum, a = 500, d = 100. Answer: 14 months.
- Unit 2: From 7 men and 5 women, form a committee of 5 with at least 3 men. Pointer: add the 3, 4 and 5 men cases: 350 + 175 + 21. Answer: 546.
- Unit 3: R(q) = 50q − q², C(q) = q²/2 + 5q + 40. Find the profit-maximising output. Pointer: set P'(q) = 0, check P''(q) < 0. Answer: q = 15, profit ₹297.50.
- Unit 4: Machines make 50%, 30% and 20% of output with 3%, 4% and 5% defectives. Find P(a defective came from the third). Pointer: Bayes' theorem. Answer: 10/37.
The BBA 103 notes give 32 short-answer and 27 long-answer practice questions with answer keys across 4 units, plus 163 solved examples.
More practice sits in the BBA 103 important questions.
Who writes and checks the BBA 103 Business Maths notes?
- Prateek Talwar, author: Founder, Unnati Educations; Associate Company Secretary (ACS), ICSI, membership no. 58704, since 15 May 2019; B.Com, University of Delhi (School of Open Learning), 2012. Profile
The 2026-27 edition is mapped to the 2024-25 NEP-based BBA scheme: 110 pages, 163 solved examples, 6 figures and two method-choice guides for calculus. Updated 13 October 2026 under our editorial policy.
The Business Mathematics notes in English use short sentences and Indian settings such as EMIs and ₹ crore transaction tables. The same team prepares GGSIPU important questions for every course.
Do the BBA 103 notes cover the full GGSIPU syllabus?
Yes. Every topic in the four official units of BBA 103 is in the notes; only "properties of the inverse" is brief, a three-line list on page 46.
| Official unit | Official topics | Where in the notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit I | Principle of Counting: Concept of Factorial, Principle of Counting, Mathematical Induction: Principle, Arithmetic Progression & Geometric Progression, Concepts of function | Sections 1 to 6, p6 to 30 | Covered |
| Unit II | Matrix Algebra: Definition, Types, Equality, Operations, Transpose, Determinants, Linear equations, Cramer's rule, Inverse and its Properties, Ad-joint Method, Gaussian Elimination, Rank, Echelon Matrix, Input Output Analysis, Depreciation Lapse Schedule, Leontief I/O Model, Permutation & Combination | Sections 1 to 9, p34 to 57 | Covered (inverse properties brief, p46) |
| Unit III | Differential Calculus: Parametric Function, Logarithmic Differentiation, Inverse Function, Optimization, Point of Inflexion, Absolute and Local Maxima and Minima, Multi Variate Function, Lagrangian multipliers, Rate Measure, Applications in Business, annuities | Sections 2 to 9, p63 to 82 | Covered |
| Unit IV | Integral Calculus: Indefinite and Definite Integrals, Techniques of Integration, Business application, Consumer's or Producer's surplus, Learning Curve, Probability, Probability Distribution | Sections 1 to 8, p87 to 105 | Covered |
Official BBA 103 units mapped to the notes
- Official unit
- Unit I
- Official topics
- Principle of Counting: Concept of Factorial, Principle of Counting, Mathematical Induction: Principle, Arithmetic Progression & Geometric Progression, Concepts of function
- Where in the notes
- Sections 1 to 6, p6 to 30
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit II
- Official topics
- Matrix Algebra: Definition, Types, Equality, Operations, Transpose, Determinants, Linear equations, Cramer's rule, Inverse and its Properties, Ad-joint Method, Gaussian Elimination, Rank, Echelon Matrix, Input Output Analysis, Depreciation Lapse Schedule, Leontief I/O Model, Permutation & Combination
- Where in the notes
- Sections 1 to 9, p34 to 57
- Status
- Covered (inverse properties brief, p46)
- Official unit
- Unit III
- Official topics
- Differential Calculus: Parametric Function, Logarithmic Differentiation, Inverse Function, Optimization, Point of Inflexion, Absolute and Local Maxima and Minima, Multi Variate Function, Lagrangian multipliers, Rate Measure, Applications in Business, annuities
- Where in the notes
- Sections 2 to 9, p63 to 82
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit IV
- Official topics
- Integral Calculus: Indefinite and Definite Integrals, Techniques of Integration, Business application, Consumer's or Producer's surplus, Learning Curve, Probability, Probability Distribution
- Where in the notes
- Sections 1 to 8, p87 to 105
- Status
- Covered
Official source: BBA Scheme & Syllabus (NEP Based), w.e.f. 2024-25.
The GGSIPU BBA Sem 1 Business Mathematics notes also add a derivatives revision (p62) that the syllabus does not list. Every course in GGSIPU notes is mapped to its official PDF the same way.
How to write BBA 103 answers: step-by-step numericals, induction proofs and business application sums
Almost every solved example in the notes follows one layout: the question, a solution in numbered steps, a "Check" line where possible, and a final "Answer" line. Copy that layout in the exam. Write the formula first, then substitute, then simplify, so an arithmetic slip still shows the examiner that your method was right.
The common-mistakes tables at the end of each unit flag the errors that cost the most:
- Induction proofs: write all three steps: P(1) is true, "Assume P(k) is true", then P(k + 1). Without the assumption line, Step 3 has nothing to stand on.
- AP terms: Tn = a + (n − 1)d, not a + nd.
- Matrices: find |A| before an inverse; a singular matrix has none, and Cramer's rule needs D ≠ 0.
- Maxima and minima: do not stop at f'(x) = 0. Check f''(x), and for an absolute maximum compare the end points too.
- Annuities: for monthly payments, i = annual rate ÷ 12 and n = number of months.
Worked example (annuity, page 80)
Rahul deposits ₹5,000 at the end of every year for 5 years at 10% p.a. compound interest. It is an ordinary annuity, so A = P[(1 + i)ⁿ − 1] ÷ i with P = 5,000, i = 0.10, n = 5. Since (1.1)⁵ = 1.61051, A = 5,000 × 6.1051 = ₹30,525.50.
Long-answer theory parts, such as "explain the learning curve" or "what is input-output analysis?", need a definition, the formula and, where the notes show one, a labelled diagram before the numerical. For calculus, the "which method should I use?" tables on pages 83 and 105 tell you which technique a question is asking for. Practise this format on GGSIPU BBA important questions.
BBA 103 and the GGSIPU BBA Sem 1 papers it connects to
BBA 103 has no paired lab; every paper's credits are on the GGSIPU BBA syllabus page.
- BBA 107 Business Economics: Unit 3 (marginal cost and elasticity, p69) feeds elasticity and cost functions in BBA 107 Unit II.
- BBA 105 Financial Accounting & Analysis: the Unit 2 depreciation lapse schedule (p52) uses straight-line depreciation from BBA 105.
Also in Semester 1: BBA 101 Management Process & Organizational Behaviour, BBA 109 Entrepreneurial Mindset (NUES), BBA 111 Life Skills & Personality Development (NUES), BBA 113 IT Applications in Business and BBA 115 IT Applications in Business Lab. Next, BBA 104 Decision Techniques for Business (Semester 2) reuses the normal distribution.
BBA 103 Business Maths notes FAQs
How do I get the full BBA 103 notes?
Send a WhatsApp message to 9899436384 with the code BBA 103, or tap "Get Full Notes" at the top of this page. The full BBA 103 notes are a 110-page printed book covering all 4 units, and our team confirms the delivery details on WhatsApp. Check the sample PDF first to see the index and one page from each unit.
Are the BBA 103 Business Mathematics notes available as a PDF?
No. The full BBA 103 notes are sold only as a printed book, and you order it on WhatsApp at 9899436384. The only PDF here is the watermarked sample, with the cover, the index and one content page from each unit, so you can judge the layout and the solved examples before you order the book.
How is BBA 103 marked, and what is the passing mark?
BBA 103 is marked out of 100: 40 internal and 60 end-term. The internal 40 is 15 for a class test and 25 for assignments, presentations, viva or class participation. The BBA scheme of examination does not state a pass percentage for the paper. For end-term minimums and re-appear rules, check GGSIPU Ordinance 11 on ipu.ac.in.
Which unit of BBA 103 has the most solved examples?
Unit 1, Principle of Counting, with 48 solved examples on pages 6 to 33 across factorials, counting, induction, AP, GP and functions. Unit 3 has 41, and Units 2 and 4 have 37 each, 163 in all. Unit 1 also has the most practice questions: 10 short-answer and 8 long-answer, with answers to every numerical.
Do the BBA 103 notes follow the 2024-25 NEP scheme?
Yes. The BBA 103 notes are mapped to the NEP-based BBA scheme and syllabus that applies from the 2024-25 academic session. All four units and their topics match the official PDF, including permutation and combination in Unit 2 and probability in Unit 4. If you joined under an older scheme, compare your syllabus with the table above first.
Where are permutation, combination and probability in the BBA 103 notes?
In BBA 103 the official syllabus places permutation and combination at the end of Unit 2, and the notes cover them on pages 53 to 57. Probability is in Unit 4 on pages 99 to 105, with Bayes' theorem and the binomial, Poisson and normal distributions. The counting principles both topics need are in Unit 1.
Get the full BBA 103 Business Mathematics Notes on WhatsApp
The full notes come as a printed book only, not a PDF; delivery details are shared on WhatsApp.
What the BBA 103 notes book contains
- Part
- Unit 1
- Pages
- 6 to 33 (28)
- Solved examples
- 48
- Practice questions
- 18
- Part
- Unit 2
- Pages
- 34 to 61 (28)
- Solved examples
- 37
- Practice questions
- 15
- Part
- Unit 3
- Pages
- 62 to 86 (25)
- Solved examples
- 41
- Practice questions
- 13
- Part
- Unit 4
- Pages
- 87 to 109 (23)
- Solved examples
- 37
- Practice questions
- 13
- Part
- Total
- Pages
- 110
- Solved examples
- 163
- Practice questions
- 59
Language: English.
Order the BBA 103 notes book on WhatsApp (4 units, 110 pages)
Unnati Educations is an independent education provider based in Vikaspuri, Delhi. We are not affiliated with, authorised by, or endorsed by Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU). 'GGSIPU' and 'IPU' are used only to describe the syllabus our notes follow. For official information, visit ipu.ac.in.
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