BBA 112 E-Commerce Notes for GGSIPU BBA Semester 2 cover all four units of the NEP syllabus for the batch admitted 2024-25 onwards in one 66-page book: 29 solved exam questions, 4 case studies, 19 flow diagrams and a quick revision table for every unit. The full notes come only as a printed book, ordered on WhatsApp.
Written by Prateek Talwar, Founder, Unnati Educations · Reviewed by Sheetal Kirola, BBA, B.Ed (DU SOL) · Checked against BBAwef2024_25_200125.pdf · Updated 14 October 2026 · Editorial policy
Scheme: NEP scheme 2024-25 | Applies to: batch admitted 2024-25 onwards | Verified against: BBAwef2024_25_200125.pdf (ipu.ac.in)
BBA 112 E-Commerce at a glance: GGSIPU BBA Sem 2 credits, units and exam pattern
BBA 112 is a two-credit Skill Enhancement Course of 30 lecture hours, listed with eight other GGSIPU BBA Semester 2 papers.
| Code and title | BBA 112: E-Commerce |
|---|---|
| Course and semester | BBA (NEP scheme), Semester 2 |
| Category and credits | Skill Enhancement Course (SEC), 2 credits; L-2, T-0 |
| Marks | 100: 40 internal + 60 end-term |
| Internal 40, split | Class test 15 + 25 from at least two activities |
| Applies to | Batch admitted 2024-25 onwards |
| End-term pattern | 60 marks; paper-setter instructions not printed in the official PDF |
| Exam duration | 3 hours |
| Units and hours | 4 units: 8 + 8 + 8 + 6 = 30 hours |
| Paired lab | BBA 114 E-Commerce Lab: SEC, L-0, P-2, 1 credit; 40 internal + 60 external |
| Pass and re-appear rules | GGSIPU Ordinance 11 |
BBA 112 E-Commerce Notes unit-wise: 29 solved questions and 4 case studies across 4 units
These BBA 112 E-Commerce IPU notes follow the official unit order; each unit ends with an Exam Corner of solved questions, common mistakes and a revision table.
Other papers' notes sit under GGSIPU BBA notes.
BBA 112 Unit 1: Introduction to E-Commerce
Pages 7 to 23 (17 pages), Parts A to H: four definitions, eight features, the Kalakota-Whinston framework, B2B to G2G types, Rappa's nine models, five barrier groups, and India's five-phase transition, e-readiness and ten e-transition challenges. Counts: 8 solved questions (2 five-mark, 5 ten-mark, 1 fifteen-mark), 1 case study, 4 flow diagrams, 14 tables.
| Basis | Marketplace model | Inventory model |
|---|---|---|
| Stock owned by | Sellers, not the platform | The e-commerce company |
| FDI in India | 100% (automatic route) | Not allowed for B2C |
| Example | Flipkart, Amazon.in, Meesho | A company's own branded store |
Quick look: marketplace vs inventory model in India (from pages 15-16)
- Basis
- Stock owned by
- Marketplace model
- Sellers, not the platform
- Inventory model
- The e-commerce company
- Basis
- FDI in India
- Marketplace model
- 100% (automatic route)
- Inventory model
- Not allowed for B2C
- Basis
- Example
- Marketplace model
- Flipkart, Amazon.in, Meesho
- Inventory model
- A company's own branded store
BBA 112 Unit 2: Electronic Payment System
Pages 24 to 38 (15 pages), Parts A to G: fifteen payment requirements, then cards, e-cash, e-cheque, PPIs, UPI, AePS and e-RUPI; e-money vs cryptocurrency vs the Digital Rupee; ten infrastructure issues, ten risks and EFT. Counts: 7 solved questions (1 five-mark, 4 ten-mark, 2 fifteen-mark), 1 case study, 6 flow diagrams, 14 tables.
| Basis | NEFT | RTGS | IMPS | UPI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Run by | RBI | RBI | NPCI | NPCI |
| Settlement | Half-hourly batches | Real-time, gross | Instant | Instant |
| Minimum | None | Rs 2 lakh | None | None |
Quick look: NEFT vs RTGS vs IMPS vs UPI (from page 34)
- Basis
- Run by
- NEFT
- RBI
- RTGS
- RBI
- IMPS
- NPCI
- UPI
- NPCI
- Basis
- Settlement
- NEFT
- Half-hourly batches
- RTGS
- Real-time, gross
- IMPS
- Instant
- UPI
- Instant
- Basis
- Minimum
- NEFT
- None
- RTGS
- Rs 2 lakh
- IMPS
- None
- UPI
- None
BBA 112 Unit 3: Security Issues in E-Commerce
Pages 39 to 53 (15 pages), Parts A to G: six security dimensions, the layered security environment, threats from ransomware to SQL injection, IT Act sections, then encryption from a Caesar cipher to the SSL/TLS handshake. Counts: 7 solved questions (1 five-mark, 5 ten-mark, 1 fifteen-mark), 1 case study, 8 flow diagrams, 13 tables.
Quick look: how a digital signature is checked (from page 49)
- Sender hashes the message and encrypts the hash with his private key.
- Receiver decrypts the signature with the sender's public key: hash 1.
- Receiver hashes the received message afresh: hash 2.
- Hash 1 equals hash 2 means the message is genuine and unchanged.
BBA 112 Unit 4: E-commerce Applications
Pages 54 to 66 (13 pages), Parts A to G: ten industry groups from e-tailing to e-NAM and GeM, fifteen emerging trends including ONDC, m-commerce, disintermediation, a twelve-row table of Indian laws, and the CCPA dark-pattern guidelines. Counts: 7 solved questions (2 five-mark, 1 ten-mark, 4 fifteen-mark), 1 case study, 1 flow diagram, 11 tables.
| Dark pattern | What it looks like |
|---|---|
| Confirm shaming | "No thanks, I don't want to save money" button |
| Subscription trap | Easy to subscribe, very hard to cancel |
| Drip pricing | Hidden charges shown only at the final payment step |
Quick look: dark patterns in the CCPA guidelines, 2023 (from page 63)
- Dark pattern
- Confirm shaming
- What it looks like
- "No thanks, I don't want to save money" button
- Dark pattern
- Subscription trap
- What it looks like
- Easy to subscribe, very hard to cancel
- Dark pattern
- Drip pricing
- What it looks like
- Hidden charges shown only at the final payment step
BBA 112 exam corner: 6 five-mark, 15 ten-mark and 8 fifteen-mark solved questions by unit
| Unit | 5 Marks | 10 Marks | 15 Marks | Case study |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit 1 | 2 (one is 3 short notes) | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| Unit 2 | 1 (4 short notes) | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| Unit 3 | 1 (5 short notes) | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| Unit 4 | 2 (one is 4 short notes) | 1 | 4 | 1 |
| Total | 6 | 15 | 8 | 4 |
Solved exam-style questions in the BBA 112 notes by unit
- Unit
- Unit 1
- 5 Marks
- 2 (one is 3 short notes)
- 10 Marks
- 5
- 15 Marks
- 1
- Case study
- 1
- Unit
- Unit 2
- 5 Marks
- 1 (4 short notes)
- 10 Marks
- 4
- 15 Marks
- 2
- Case study
- 1
- Unit
- Unit 3
- 5 Marks
- 1 (5 short notes)
- 10 Marks
- 5
- 15 Marks
- 1
- Case study
- 1
- Unit
- Unit 4
- 5 Marks
- 2 (one is 4 short notes)
- 10 Marks
- 1
- 15 Marks
- 4
- Case study
- 1
- Unit
- Total
- 5 Marks
- 6
- 10 Marks
- 15
- 15 Marks
- 8
- Case study
- 4
One question per unit, with the notes' line of attack:
- Unit 1 (10 Marks): Examine India's readiness for e-commerce. Set strengths against gaps factor by factor: strongest in payments and mobile access, weakest in rural literacy and trust.
- Unit 2 (10 Marks): What is e-money? How is it different from cryptocurrency and CBDC? Compare issuer, backing, value and legal status in one table.
- Unit 3 (15 Marks): Discuss the major security threats in the e-commerce environment. Group them into six families; close with measures and IT Act sections.
- Unit 4 (15 Marks): Explain the regulatory and ethical considerations in e-commerce in India. Laws first, then ethical issues, keeping "must do" apart from "should do".
The BBA 112 notes solve 6 five-mark, 15 ten-mark and 8 fifteen-mark questions across 4 units, plus 4 case studies with answer hints.
More practice sits in the BBA 112 important questions.
Parties and steps of an online card payment in e-commerce: excerpt from page 25 of the BBA 112 notes
Excerpt from page 25
4. Parties involved in an electronic (card) payment
Seven parties take part when a customer pays for an order online by card. Each one has a fixed job, and an exam answer should name all of them.
| Party | Role | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Customer / cardholder (payer) | Buys the product and makes the payment online | A student buying a book |
| Merchant (payee) | Sells the goods or services and accepts the payment | An online bookstore |
| Issuer bank | Issued the card or account to the customer; approves or rejects the payment | SBI, HDFC (the customer's bank) |
| Acquirer bank | The merchant's bank, which receives the money for the merchant | The merchant's ICICI current account |
| Payment gateway | Secure software link that captures payment details on the website and sends them for approval | Razorpay, PayU, CCAvenue |
| Card network / switch | Connects issuer and acquirer and routes the transaction | Visa, Mastercard, RuPay, NPCI |
| Payment processor | Technical company that processes transactions for the acquirer | The processor working behind the gateway |
Parties in an online card payment (notes page 25)
- Party
- Customer / cardholder (payer)
- Role
- Buys the product and makes the payment online
- Example
- A student buying a book
- Party
- Merchant (payee)
- Role
- Sells the goods or services and accepts the payment
- Example
- An online bookstore
- Party
- Issuer bank
- Role
- Issued the card or account to the customer; approves or rejects the payment
- Example
- SBI, HDFC (the customer's bank)
- Party
- Acquirer bank
- Role
- The merchant's bank, which receives the money for the merchant
- Example
- The merchant's ICICI current account
- Party
- Payment gateway
- Role
- Secure software link that captures payment details on the website and sends them for approval
- Example
- Razorpay, PayU, CCAvenue
- Party
- Card network / switch
- Role
- Connects issuer and acquirer and routes the transaction
- Example
- Visa, Mastercard, RuPay, NPCI
- Party
- Payment processor
- Role
- Technical company that processes transactions for the acquirer
- Example
- The processor working behind the gateway
5. Working of an online card payment
- Order and checkout: the customer selects goods and clicks "Pay".
- Payment details entered: card number, expiry date and CVV go into the payment gateway page, encrypted by SSL/TLS.
- Gateway to acquirer to card network: the details travel securely for authorisation.
- Issuer bank checks: it looks at the balance or credit limit, runs a fraud check and asks for an OTP or 3-D Secure authentication.
- Approval or decline: the answer travels back to the gateway and the website.
- Confirmation: the customer sees "Order placed" and the merchant ships the goods.
- Settlement: the issuer pays the acquirer, and the merchant's account is credited, usually in T+1 or T+2 days, after the MDR (merchant discount rate) is deducted.
Remember the split between the two banks: the issuer works for the customer, the acquirer works for the merchant. The gateway only carries the details; it neither lends nor holds the money.
Do the BBA 112 notes cover the full GGSIPU syllabus?
Yes. Every official BBA 112 topic has its own Part in the notes; the unit check found no gap.
| Official unit | Official topics | Where in the notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit 1: Introduction to E-Commerce | Meaning, nature, concepts, advantages, disadvantages, reasons for transacting online; types; models; barriers; E-Commerce in India: transition, readiness, e-transition | Parts A-G, pages 7-19 | Covered |
| Unit II: Electronic Payment System | Digital payment requirements; EPS; types of EPS; e-money; infrastructure issues and risks in EPS; electronic fund transfer | Parts A-F, pages 24-35 | Covered |
| Unit III: Security Issues in E-Commerce | Need and concepts; security environment; security threats; basics of encryption and decryption | Parts A-F, pages 39-50 | Covered |
| Unit IV: E-commerce Applications | Applications in various industries; emerging trends; mobile commerce; economic, technological and social considerations; regulatory and ethical considerations | Parts A-F, pages 54-63 | Covered |
Official BBA 112 units mapped to the notes
- Official unit
- Unit 1: Introduction to E-Commerce
- Official topics
- Meaning, nature, concepts, advantages, disadvantages, reasons for transacting online; types; models; barriers; E-Commerce in India: transition, readiness, e-transition
- Where in the notes
- Parts A-G, pages 7-19
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit II: Electronic Payment System
- Official topics
- Digital payment requirements; EPS; types of EPS; e-money; infrastructure issues and risks in EPS; electronic fund transfer
- Where in the notes
- Parts A-F, pages 24-35
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit III: Security Issues in E-Commerce
- Official topics
- Need and concepts; security environment; security threats; basics of encryption and decryption
- Where in the notes
- Parts A-F, pages 39-50
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit IV: E-commerce Applications
- Official topics
- Applications in various industries; emerging trends; mobile commerce; economic, technological and social considerations; regulatory and ethical considerations
- Where in the notes
- Parts A-F, pages 54-63
- Status
- Covered
Official source: GGSIPU BBA Scheme and Syllabus (NEP), w.e.f. 2024-25.
These GGSIPU BBA Sem 2 E-Commerce notes keep the official unit headings. Every course in GGSIPU notes is checked against its official PDF the same way.
Who writes and checks the BBA 112 notes?
- Prateek Talwar, author: Founder, Unnati Educations; Associate Company Secretary (ACS), ICSI, membership no. 58704, since 15 May 2019; B.Com, University of Delhi (SOL), 2012. Author bio
- Sheetal Kirola, subject reviewer. She holds a BBA and a B.Ed from the School of Open Learning, University of Delhi (DU SOL), specialises in BBA and B.Ed subjects, and has 6 years of experience.
The 2026-27 edition, written as E-Commerce notes in English, adds recent Indian points: ONDC (2022), the Digital Rupee pilots (2022), RBI card tokenisation, the CCPA dark-pattern guidelines (2023) and the DPDP Act 2023. Updated 14 October 2026 under our editorial policy.
The same team prepares GGSIPU important questions for every course.
BBA 112 and the BBA 114 E-Commerce lab (HTML webpages and Canva content), plus other GGSIPU BBA Sem 2 papers
Paired lab: BBA 114 E-Commerce lab notes. Its two official areas: static webpages in HTML, and social media and writing work with Canva and generative AI.
Our grouping: Unit 1 (digital profile, online positioning) and Unit 3 (HTTPS) feed the webpage work; Unit 4 (social commerce, online visibility) feeds the social media and Canva work.
Other Semester 2 papers: BBA 102 Marketing Management, BBA 104 Decision Techniques for Business, BBA 106 Human Resource Management, BBA 108 Business Communication, BBA 110 MOOC or BBA 118 Indian Knowledge Systems (one is chosen), and BBA 116 Online/Inhouse Industrial Skill-Based Training/Apprenticeship.
How to write BBA 112 answers: flow diagrams, comparison tables and Indian examples
BBA 112 answers are theory answers, and the notes build each from three blocks: a definition with an author's name, a diagram or comparison table, and an Indian example. The Exam Tip boxes return to this pattern in every unit.
- Definitions: for a five-mark answer the notes suggest two definitions (Kalakota-Whinston and Turban), then the meaning in your own words with one Indian example such as Flipkart, IRCTC or UPI.
- Diagrams: draw the card-payment chain for any EPS question, the layered security environment for a ten-mark answer, and the applications tree at the start of an industries answer.
- Law points: for regulatory questions the page 62 tip names four laws to quote (IT Act 2000, E-Commerce Rules 2020, DPDP Act 2023 and the FDI policy), adding GST and the Competition Act for fifteen marks.
- Fifteen-mark structure: the tip on page 50 sets the order for encryption: meaning with diagram, symmetric vs asymmetric table, hash function, digital signature flow, certificate and CA, then SSL/TLS, ending with why it matters for online payments.
- Mistakes the notes flag: calling a debit card "pay later", writing that RBI runs UPI (NPCI does), saying the private key is shared, mixing a virus (needs a host file) with a worm, and treating m-commerce as separate from e-commerce rather than a subset.
Worked example: Differentiate between E-Commerce and E-Business (5 Marks)
E-commerce covers only online buying and selling; e-business covers every process run electronically, including ERP, CRM, supply chain, HR and e-procurement. E-commerce faces outward to customers; e-business faces outward and inward, so e-commerce is a subset of e-business. Example: selling a phone on Flipkart is e-commerce; Flipkart's warehouse, seller portal and payroll together are e-business.
Practise this format on GGSIPU BBA important questions.
BBA 112 notes FAQs
How do I get the full BBA 112 notes?
You order the full BBA 112 notes on WhatsApp at 9899436384; they come only as a printed book and are not available as a PDF. Tap "Get Full Notes" at the top or the order box at the end; the message carries the paper code so our desk knows which book you need. Delivery details are shared on WhatsApp.
Is BBA 112 a theory paper or a lab paper?
BBA 112 is the theory paper: a two-credit Skill Enhancement Course with two lecture hours a week. The practical side is a separate paper, BBA 114 E-Commerce Lab, worth one credit with two practical hours a week, covering HTML webpage design and social media content made with Canva and generative AI. These notes cover BBA 112 only.
What is the passing mark for BBA 112?
BBA 112 is marked out of 100: 40 internal and 60 end-term, as the BBA scheme of examination states for every theory and practical course. The scheme PDF prints no pass percentage, so we quote none. Minimum marks for the end-term exam, and the re-appear rules, are set by GGSIPU Ordinance 11, available on ipu.ac.in.
How are the 40 internal marks of BBA 112 split?
The 40 internal marks in BBA 112 come from a compulsory written class test worth 15 marks, held as per the university's academic calendar, plus 25 marks from at least two activities: individual assignment, presentation, viva-voce, group discussion or class participation. Your institute keeps the records and sets its own rubrics, so ask your teacher which activities your college uses.
Which BBA 112 unit is the longest in the notes?
Unit 1, Introduction to E-Commerce, is the longest BBA 112 unit in the notes at 17 pages with 8 solved questions, because it carries definitions, types, models, barriers and three India topics. Unit 4 is the shortest at 13 pages, matching its 6 official hours, yet it holds the most fifteen-mark questions: four of the eight in the book.
Do the BBA 112 notes follow the 2024-25 NEP scheme?
Yes. The BBA 112 notes follow the NEP-based GGSIPU BBA scheme that applies from academic session 2024-25, so they suit the batch admitted 2024-25 onwards. Unit headings and topics were checked against that scheme PDF. If you joined before 2024-25, your scheme and paper code may differ, so check your own syllabus copy before ordering.
Get the full BBA 112 E-Commerce Notes on WhatsApp
Pages and solved questions in the full BBA 112 book
- Part of the book
- Cover, index and syllabus map
- Pages
- 1-6
- Solved questions
- -
- Part of the book
- Unit 1
- Pages
- 7-23 (17)
- Solved questions
- 8
- Part of the book
- Unit 2
- Pages
- 24-38 (15)
- Solved questions
- 7
- Part of the book
- Unit 3
- Pages
- 39-53 (15)
- Solved questions
- 7
- Part of the book
- Unit 4
- Pages
- 54-66 (13)
- Solved questions
- 7
- Part of the book
- Total
- Pages
- 66
- Solved questions
- 29
Also inside: 4 case studies, 19 flow diagrams, and a revision table per unit. Format: printed book only, not sold as a PDF.
Order the printed BBA 112 notes book on WhatsApp (4 units, 66 pages)
Unnati Educations is an independent education provider based in Vikaspuri, Delhi. We are not affiliated with, authorised by, or endorsed by Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU). 'GGSIPU' and 'IPU' are used only to describe the syllabus our notes follow. For official information, visit ipu.ac.in.
Ready for the full notes?
Discuss coverage and delivery with our team.