BBA 213 Management of International Business Notes run to 63 pages across 4 units, with 9 case studies, 4 worked numericals, 51 tables, 14 diagrams and 57 exam-style practice questions. They follow the GGSIPU BBA NEP syllabus for students admitted from the 2024-25 session onwards.
Written by Prateek Talwar, Founder, Unnati Educations · Reviewed by Sheetal Kirola, BBA, B.Ed, Academic Head · Checked against BBA Scheme & Syllabus (NEP based) w.e.f. 2024-2025, ipu.ac.in · Updated 13 October 2026 · Editorial policy
Scheme: NEP scheme 2024-25 | Applies to: batch admitted 2024-25 onwards | Verified against: BBA Scheme & Syllabus (NEP based) w.e.f. 2024-2025 (BBAwef2024_25_200125.pdf), ipu.ac.in
BBA 213 Management of International Business at a glance: GGSIPU BBA Sem 3 credits, units and exam pattern
BBA 213 is the International Business elective of Semester 3. Students pick two electives from different specialisations, one as Major Elective-1 and one as Minor Elective-1, so BBA 213 can count towards either. It sits alongside the other GGSIPU BBA Semester 3 papers.
| Code and title | BBA 213 Management of International Business |
|---|---|
| Course and semester | BBA (NEP), Semester 3, International Business elective |
| Category | Discipline Specific Course / Major, or Inter-disciplinary Course / Minor |
| Credits and hours | 4 credits; L-4, T/P-0; 15 hours per unit (60 hours) |
| Marks | 100: 40 internal + 60 end-term |
| Internal 40 | Class test 15 + at least two activities 25 |
| Applies to | Batch admitted 2024-25 onwards |
| End-term pattern | Not printed in the official PDF (no paper-setter instructions) |
| Exam duration | 3 hours |
| Pass mark | Not stated in the scheme PDF; see Ordinance 11 on examinations |
| When it runs | Only if at least 10% of students opt for it |
| Paired lab | None |
These GGSIPU BBA Sem 3 Management of International Business notes keep the four units in PDF order.
BBA 213 Management of International Business Notes unit-wise: 9 case studies and 4 worked numericals across 4 units
These BBA 213 Management of International Business IPU notes list each unit with its pages, sections and case studies. Pages 10, 28, 39 and 56 are in the sample PDF above. Notes for every other BBA paper follow this layout on GGSIPU BBA notes.
BBA 213 Unit 1: Introduction to International Business
Unit 1 follows a firm from domestic to transnational, ties Perlmutter's EPRG mindsets to staffing and products, and runs trade theory from mercantilism through Ricardo, Heckscher-Ohlin and the Leontief Paradox to intra-industry trade, ending with trade barriers.
Pages 5 to 22 · 5 sections · 3 case studies (Infosys, McDonald's, anti-dumping) · 4 numericals · 14 questions.
| Country | Labour for 1 cloth | Labour for 1 wine | Opportunity cost of 1 cloth |
|---|---|---|---|
| England | 100 men-years | 120 men-years | 0.83 wine |
| Portugal | 90 men-years | 80 men-years | 1.125 wine |
Quick look: Ricardo's comparative advantage example (from page 14)
- Country
- England
- Labour for 1 cloth
- 100 men-years
- Labour for 1 wine
- 120 men-years
- Opportunity cost of 1 cloth
- 0.83 wine
- Country
- Portugal
- Labour for 1 cloth
- 90 men-years
- Labour for 1 wine
- 80 men-years
- Opportunity cost of 1 cloth
- 1.125 wine
England gives up less wine per cloth, so it specialises in cloth.
BBA 213 Unit 2: Introduction of Foreign Direct Investment
Also covered as "Introduction to Foreign Direct Investment". The unit defines FDI with the 10% rule, tracks trends with UNCTAD and DPIIT data, explains six FDI theories from Hymer (1960) onwards, host and home country effects, India's path from FERA 1973 to Press Note 3 of 2020, and Ghemawat's CAGE model.
Pages 23 to 35 · 7 sections · 2 case studies (Maruti Suzuki, Indian IT and CAGE) · 6 diagrams · 14 questions.
| Basis | Greenfield FDI | Brownfield FDI |
|---|---|---|
| Speed of entry | Slow (years) | Fast |
| New capacity and jobs | Creates new capacity and jobs | Mostly a change of ownership |
| Indian example | Hyundai plant near Chennai | Walmart and Flipkart (2018) |
Quick look: greenfield vs brownfield FDI (from pages 29 and 30)
- Basis
- Speed of entry
- Greenfield FDI
- Slow (years)
- Brownfield FDI
- Fast
- Basis
- New capacity and jobs
- Greenfield FDI
- Creates new capacity and jobs
- Brownfield FDI
- Mostly a change of ownership
- Basis
- Indian example
- Greenfield FDI
- Hyundai plant near Chennai
- Brownfield FDI
- Walmart and Flipkart (2018)
BBA 213 Unit 3: Economic Integration
Unit 3 links 12 economic indicators to entry and pricing decisions, then moves through Balassa's six levels of integration, Viner's trade creation and diversion, trade blocs and India's agreements, ten WTO principles, instruments of trade regulation and emerging markets.
Pages 36 to 48 · 6 sections · 2 case studies (MNCs and India, HUL Project Shakti) · 14 questions.
| Level | Common external tariff | Free labour and capital | Common policies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Free trade area | No | No | No |
| Customs union | Yes | No | No |
| Common market | Yes | Yes | No |
| Economic union | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Quick look: what each level of integration adds (from page 40)
- Level
- Free trade area
- Common external tariff
- No
- Free labour and capital
- No
- Common policies
- No
- Level
- Customs union
- Common external tariff
- Yes
- Free labour and capital
- No
- Common policies
- No
- Level
- Common market
- Common external tariff
- Yes
- Free labour and capital
- Yes
- Common policies
- No
- Level
- Economic union
- Common external tariff
- Yes
- Free labour and capital
- Yes
- Common policies
- Yes
BBA 213 Unit 4: Emerging Trends in International Business
Unit 4 has the most topics: born global firms, ethical frameworks, CSR from Carroll's pyramid to Section 135, ESG reporting (GRI, ISSB, BRSR), the EU CBAM, Brexit's legal effects, digital platforms, the pandemic and IPR.
Pages 49 to 63 · 9 sections · 2 case studies (Freshworks, chip shortage) · 15 questions.
| Term | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Offshoring | To a distant low-cost country | US goods made in China |
| Re-shoring | Back to the home country | Chip plants in the USA |
| Nearshoring | To a country near the main market | China to Mexico |
| Friend-shoring | To politically friendly countries | Electronics to India |
Quick look: four supply-chain location strategies (from page 58)
- Term
- Offshoring
- Meaning
- To a distant low-cost country
- Example
- US goods made in China
- Term
- Re-shoring
- Meaning
- Back to the home country
- Example
- Chip plants in the USA
- Term
- Nearshoring
- Meaning
- To a country near the main market
- Example
- China to Mexico
- Term
- Friend-shoring
- Meaning
- To politically friendly countries
- Example
- Electronics to India
Internalisation theory and Dunning's OLI paradigm in international business: excerpt from page 28 of the BBA 213 notes
Excerpt from page 28
Internalisation theory (Buckley and Casson, 1976)
Peter Buckley and Mark Casson built on Coase's idea of transaction costs to explain why firms prefer FDI to licensing. Selling know-how to a foreign firm through the market, by licensing it, carries high transaction costs and real risks. So the firm internalises the market: it keeps the know-how inside the company by setting up its own subsidiary abroad.
Why firms internalise instead of licensing
- Risk of giving away technology: the licensee may learn the know-how and turn into a competitor.
- Lack of control: a licence does not give the control over quality, marketing and operations that a brand may need.
- Tacit knowledge: management style and organisational culture cannot be written into a licence; they move only within the firm.
- Global strategic coordination: coordinating prices and production across countries needs ownership.
Eclectic paradigm or OLI framework (John H. Dunning, 1977)
Dunning pulled the earlier theories into one framework. "Eclectic" means drawn from many sources, and the model is better known as OLI. A firm undertakes FDI only when all three advantages are present together:
- O, ownership: firm-specific advantages such as technology, brand, patents, skills and scale.
- L, location: country-specific advantages such as market size, cheap labour, resources, incentives and low trade barriers.
- I, internalisation: it is better to use the advantages in-house, avoiding licensing risks and keeping control.
| Advantages present | Best way to serve the foreign market |
|---|---|
| O only | Licensing or franchising |
| O + I (no L advantage abroad) | Exporting from the home country |
| O + L + I | Foreign direct investment |
Which advantages lead to which way of serving a foreign market (page 28)
- Advantages present
- O only
- Best way to serve the foreign market
- Licensing or franchising
- Advantages present
- O + I (no L advantage abroad)
- Best way to serve the foreign market
- Exporting from the home country
- Advantages present
- O + L + I
- Best way to serve the foreign market
- Foreign direct investment
Example: Toyota has ownership advantages in its lean production system and brand. India offers location advantages through a huge market, lower costs and incentives. Toyota prefers to internalise by owning its Indian plant rather than licensing its system, which is why the investment took the form of FDI in Toyota Kirloskar Motor.
BBA 213 exam corner: 28 short-answer and 29 long-answer practice questions by unit
Each unit ends with an "Important Exam Questions" list. The notes print no marks or year tags against them, so treat them as exam-style practice answered from the unit text.
| Unit | Short-answer questions | Long-answer questions | Case studies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit 1 | 7 | 7 | 3 |
| Unit 2 | 7 | 7 | 2 |
| Unit 3 | 7 | 7 | 2 |
| Unit 4 | 7 | 8 | 2 |
| Total | 28 | 29 | 9 |
Practice questions and case studies in the BBA 213 notes, by unit
- Unit
- Unit 1
- Short-answer questions
- 7
- Long-answer questions
- 7
- Case studies
- 3
- Unit
- Unit 2
- Short-answer questions
- 7
- Long-answer questions
- 7
- Case studies
- 2
- Unit
- Unit 3
- Short-answer questions
- 7
- Long-answer questions
- 7
- Case studies
- 2
- Unit
- Unit 4
- Short-answer questions
- 7
- Long-answer questions
- 8
- Case studies
- 2
- Unit
- Total
- Short-answer questions
- 28
- Long-answer questions
- 29
- Case studies
- 9
The BBA 213 notes set 28 short-answer and 29 long-answer practice questions across 4 units, plus 9 case studies with discussion questions.
- Unit 1, short answer: Explain the Grubel-Lloyd index of intra-industry trade. Pointer: IIT = 1 − |X − M| ÷ (X + M), ranging from 0 to 1, plus the page 17 car example (index 0.857).
- Unit 2, long answer: Explain Ghemawat's CAGE distance framework. How can it help a firm choose foreign markets? Pointer: Ghemawat (2001), the four boxes with attributes and affected industries, then the four uses (page 33).
- Unit 3, short answer: Explain trade creation and trade diversion. Pointer: Viner (1950), both definitions, the page 40 FTA example and GATT Article XXIV.
- Unit 4, short answer: What is CBAM? How does it affect Indian exporters? Pointer: the EU carbon price on six carbon-intensive imports, its phases (2023 reporting, 2026 definitive) and Indian steel and aluminium exporters (page 55).
More practice for this paper will sit in the BBA 213 important questions.
Who writes and checks the BBA 213 International Business notes?
- Prateek Talwar, author of the BBA 213 notes · Founder, Unnati Educations · ACS, ICSI (membership no. 58704, since 15 May 2019) · B.Com, University of Delhi (SOL), 2012 · Author bio
- Sheetal Kirola, subject reviewer of the BBA 213 notes · Academic Head, Unnati Educations · BBA and B.Ed, University of Delhi (School of Open Learning) · Specialises in BBA and B.Ed subjects · 6 years of experience in BBA
The notes are mapped to the BBA NEP scheme and syllabus (2024-25 onwards). The 2026-27 edition has a Quick Revision Table per unit (97 points) and a glossary per unit; Unit 2 figures cite UNCTAD and DPIIT. Last updated 13 October 2026; see our editorial policy.
The same team prepares GGSIPU important questions.
Do the BBA 213 notes cover the full GGSIPU syllabus?
Yes. Every topic listed for Units 1 to 4 has its own section in the notes; the Unit 3 term "FDA" is covered as the Free Trade Area on page 39.
| Official unit | Official topics | Where in the notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit 1: Introduction to International Business | Introduction to International Business, Stages of Internationalization, EPRG Framework, Theories of International Trade: Mercantilists, Absolute Cost and Comparative Advantage, Factor Proportions, Neo-factor Proportions Theories, Country Similarity Theory, Intra-industry Trade, Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers in Global Businesses | 1.1 to 1.5, pp. 6-19 | Covered |
| Unit 2: Introduction of Foreign Direct Investment | Foreign Direct Investment in the World Economy, Trends in FDI, Theories of Foreign Direct Investment, Greenfield and Brownfield FDI, Benefits and Costs of FDI, International Institutions and the Liberalization of FDI, CAGE Model | 2.1 to 2.7, pp. 24-33 | Covered |
| Unit 3: Economic Integration | Economic indicators and their impact on international business decisions, Regional Economic Integration and Trade Blocs, Basic Principles of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, Instruments of Trade Regulation, FDA, custom union, common market, economic union, Emerging Markets and Developing Economies | 3.1 to 3.6, pp. 37-46 (FDA: p. 39) | Covered |
| Unit 4: Emerging Trends in International Business | International Entrepreneurship and Born Global Firms, Ethical Considerations: CSR Frameworks and Approaches, ESG investing and reporting standards, corporate responses to climate change and social justice issues, Implications of Brexit on international business laws, the rise of digital platforms and ecommerce, Re-shoring and Nearshoring Trend, Impact of pandemic on International Business, Intellectual Property Rights | 4.1 to 4.9, pp. 50-60 | Covered |
Official BBA 213 units and topics mapped to the notes
- Official unit
- Unit 1: Introduction to International Business
- Official topics
- Introduction to International Business, Stages of Internationalization, EPRG Framework, Theories of International Trade: Mercantilists, Absolute Cost and Comparative Advantage, Factor Proportions, Neo-factor Proportions Theories, Country Similarity Theory, Intra-industry Trade, Tariff and Non-Tariff Barriers in Global Businesses
- Where in the notes
- 1.1 to 1.5, pp. 6-19
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit 2: Introduction of Foreign Direct Investment
- Official topics
- Foreign Direct Investment in the World Economy, Trends in FDI, Theories of Foreign Direct Investment, Greenfield and Brownfield FDI, Benefits and Costs of FDI, International Institutions and the Liberalization of FDI, CAGE Model
- Where in the notes
- 2.1 to 2.7, pp. 24-33
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit 3: Economic Integration
- Official topics
- Economic indicators and their impact on international business decisions, Regional Economic Integration and Trade Blocs, Basic Principles of Multilateral Trade Negotiations, Instruments of Trade Regulation, FDA, custom union, common market, economic union, Emerging Markets and Developing Economies
- Where in the notes
- 3.1 to 3.6, pp. 37-46 (FDA: p. 39)
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit 4: Emerging Trends in International Business
- Official topics
- International Entrepreneurship and Born Global Firms, Ethical Considerations: CSR Frameworks and Approaches, ESG investing and reporting standards, corporate responses to climate change and social justice issues, Implications of Brexit on international business laws, the rise of digital platforms and ecommerce, Re-shoring and Nearshoring Trend, Impact of pandemic on International Business, Intellectual Property Rights
- Where in the notes
- 4.1 to 4.9, pp. 50-60
- Status
- Covered
Official source: GGSIPU BBA (NEP based) scheme and syllabus, w.e.f. 2024-25. It also asks for case studies; the notes have 9, at least two per unit.
Every course in GGSIPU notes is mapped to its official PDF the same way.
How to write BBA 213 answers: theorist-and-year short answers, comparison tables and Indian case examples
BBA 213 is a theory paper with numericals only in Unit 1, so marks come from how well an answer is built. The exam tips in the notes repeat four habits.
- Name the theorist and the year. Unit 2 wants it for every FDI theory (Hymer 1960, Vernon 1966, Dunning 1977) and Unit 4 for every framework (Carroll 1991, Freeman 1984, Elkington 1994, Porter and Kramer 2011).
- Draw it. The stages flow and the EPRG four-box diagram in Unit 1, the CAGE four boxes in Unit 2 and the levels-of-integration table in Unit 3 show differences faster than a paragraph.
- Use the numbers in Unit 1. Long answers on trade theory gain from the absolute and comparative advantage tables, the Grubel-Lloyd index or the tariff calculation, with working shown.
- Add an Indian example to every trend. The tips point to Freshworks, Section 135, BRSR, PLI schemes, Vaccine Maitri and the Novartis case in Unit 4, and to India's recent FTAs in Unit 3.
Worked example (long answer): Perlmutter's EPRG framework
"Explain Perlmutter's EPRG framework. How does each orientation affect staffing, product and decision-making?" Following the page 12 tip:
- Open with Howard V. Perlmutter (1969).
- Draw the four-box diagram.
- Take each orientation with staffing (PCNs, HCNs, regional nationals, best person anywhere), product and decision-making.
- Close with the comparison table, linking each orientation to a stage, for example polycentric with multinational.
One trap the notes flag on page 27: India's FDI has two correct but different figures. DPIIT reports gross inflows for the financial year, while UNCTAD reports net FDI for the calendar year. Name the source with the number and say what it measures.
Practise this answer format on the GGSIPU BBA important questions.
BBA 213 and the GGSIPU BBA Sem 3 papers it connects to
BBA 213 has no paired lab, so the full Semester 3 paper list sits in the GGSIPU BBA syllabus.
BBA 201 Business Environment and Law covers LPG reforms and CSR in its Unit 1; BBA 213 Unit 4 takes CSR into global frameworks. BBA 214 International Business Environment and Strategy (Semester 4) continues the specialisation: its MNE unit builds on BBA 213 Unit 1 and its GATT and WTO unit extends Unit 3.
Other Semester 3 papers:
- Core: BBA 201 Business Environment and Law, BBA 203 Production and Operations Management, BBA 205 Business Research Methodology
- Ability enhancement: BBA 217 NSS/NCC/Club Activities (NUES)
- Other electives: BBA 207 Training and Development, BBA 209 Consumer Behavior, BBA 211 Security Analysis and Portfolio Management, BBA 215 Foundation of Entrepreneurship and Startups
BBA 213 International Business notes FAQs
How do I get the full BBA 213 notes?
The full BBA 213 notes are sold as a printed book, not a PDF. Send the code BBA 213 on WhatsApp to 9899436384 and our desk shares the price, payment options and dispatch details. The book has all 4 units in 63 pages, with 9 case studies and 57 practice questions. The sample PDF button at the top shows the layout first.
Is BBA 213 compulsory in GGSIPU BBA Semester 3?
No. BBA 213 is one of five Semester 3 electives, one per specialisation, and it is the International Business option. You choose two papers from different specialisations, one as Major Elective-1 and one as Minor Elective-1. An elective runs only if at least 10% of students opt for it, so check with your institute first.
What is the passing mark for BBA 213?
BBA 213 is marked out of 100: 40 internal and 60 end-term. The internal 40 is a 15-mark class test plus 25 marks for at least two activities such as assignments or viva. The BBA scheme PDF does not state a pass percentage, so take end-term minimums and re-appear rules from Ordinance 11 on ipu.ac.in or from your institute.
Which BBA 213 unit is the longest in the notes?
Unit 1 is the longest at 18 pages (pages 5 to 22) and holds all four worked numericals of BBA 213: absolute advantage, Ricardo's cloth and wine, the Grubel-Lloyd index and a tariff calculation. Unit 4 has the most sections, nine from born global firms to intellectual property rights, and the most long-answer questions (8).
Do the BBA 213 notes follow the 2024-25 NEP syllabus?
Yes. The BBA 213 notes are checked against the BBA Scheme and Syllabus (NEP based) that applies from the 2024-25 session. Every topic listed for the four units has its own section, including the Unit 3 term "FDA", treated as the Free Trade Area on page 39. The syllabus map above gives the pages for each unit.
Does BBA 213 have numericals?
Only Unit 1 of BBA 213 has numericals: an absolute advantage table, Ricardo's gains from trade, the Grubel-Lloyd index and a tariff example comparing specific, ad valorem and compound duty on Rs. 2,00,000 of imports. Units 2 to 4 are theory, answered with frameworks, comparison tables and Indian examples such as Maruti Suzuki and HUL.
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- Format: printed Management of International Business notes in English, 63 pages.
- Inside: 9 case studies, 4 worked numericals, 51 tables, 14 diagrams and 57 practice questions.
- Delivery: within 5 to 7 days at most; the exact time may vary with your location.
- How to order: message the code BBA 213 on WhatsApp; price and payment details are shared there.
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