BBA 318 Global Competitiveness Notes follow the revised GGSIPU BBA scheme for batches admitted from 2024-25 onwards. The 74-page printed book covers all 4 units with 9 numbered diagrams, 4 full Indian company case studies plus 9 mini-cases, and 61 exam questions: 26 long questions with answer points and 35 short questions with one-line answer keys.
Written by Prateek Talwar, Founder, Unnati Educations (ACS, ICSI) · Reviewed by Sheetal Kirola, BBA and B.Ed (DU SOL), 6 years in BBA · Checked against BBAwef2024_25_200125.pdf (BBA scheme, revised 2024-25) · Updated 13 October 2026 · Editorial policy
Scheme: NEP scheme, revised, w.e.f. 2024-25 | Applies to: batch admitted 2024-25 onwards | Verified against: BBAwef2024_25_200125.pdf (BBA 318 on pages 147-148)
BBA 318 Global Competitiveness at a glance: GGSIPU BBA Sem 6 credits, units and exam pattern
| Item | Details |
|---|---|
| Code and title | BBA 318 Global Competitiveness |
| Course and semester | BBA, Semester 6, International Business elective |
| Category and credits | Major or Minor Elective, by scheme chosen · 4 credits · L-4, T-0 |
| Marks | 100: 40 internal + 60 end-term |
| Internal 40 | 15 class test + 25 activities (assignment, presentation, viva) |
| Applies to | Batch admitted 2024-25 onwards |
| End-term pattern | Not printed in the official BBA PDF |
| Units | 4 units, 60 hours (14 + 16 + 15 + 15) |
| Paired lab | None (theory only) |
BBA 318 snapshot from the official BBA scheme (revised, w.e.f. 2024-25)
- Item
- Code and title
- Details
- BBA 318 Global Competitiveness
- Item
- Course and semester
- Details
- BBA, Semester 6, International Business elective
- Item
- Category and credits
- Details
- Major or Minor Elective, by scheme chosen · 4 credits · L-4, T-0
- Item
- Marks
- Details
- 100: 40 internal + 60 end-term
- Item
- Internal 40
- Details
- 15 class test + 25 activities (assignment, presentation, viva)
- Item
- Applies to
- Details
- Batch admitted 2024-25 onwards
- Item
- End-term pattern
- Details
- Not printed in the official BBA PDF
- Item
- Units
- Details
- 4 units, 60 hours (14 + 16 + 15 + 15)
- Item
- Paired lab
- Details
- None (theory only)
BBA 318 and BBA 320 form the International Business elective pair, run at each college's discretion, among the GGSIPU BBA Semester 6 papers.
BBA 318 Global Competitiveness Notes unit-wise: 61 exam questions and 13 Indian company cases across 4 units
These GGSIPU BBA Sem 6 Global Competitiveness notes run from the WEF index in Unit 1 to BrahMos and Tata Starbucks in Unit 4, each unit ending with an exam corner and revision table. Other papers: GGSIPU BBA notes.
BBA 318 Unit 1: Global Competitiveness
Also covered as "Global Competitiveness: Concept, Drivers and Frameworks", pages 7 to 23. Four definitions and 11 drivers, each with an Indian case such as UPI, lead into Ricardo vs Porter, the WEF and IMD indices, Krugman's critique and Xerox-style benchmarking.
9 content parts, 6 long and 8 short questions, 3 figures.
| Basis | WEF GCI | IMD WCY |
|---|---|---|
| Structure | 12 pillars in 4 groups | 4 factors, 20 sub-factors, 300+ criteria |
| Data weight | Hard data + opinion survey | About 2/3 hard data, 1/3 survey |
| Status | Rankings paused after 2019 | Published every June |
Quick look: WEF vs IMD (from page 16)
- Basis
- Structure
- WEF GCI
- 12 pillars in 4 groups
- IMD WCY
- 4 factors, 20 sub-factors, 300+ criteria
- Basis
- Data weight
- WEF GCI
- Hard data + opinion survey
- IMD WCY
- About 2/3 hard data, 1/3 survey
- Basis
- Status
- WEF GCI
- Rankings paused after 2019
- IMD WCY
- Published every June
BBA 318 Unit 2: Developing Competitiveness
Pages 24 to 43, the longest unit. Reforms from the Competition Act 2002 to the Jan Vishwas Act 2023 and India's Doing Business climb from 142nd to 63rd come first. TQM, Lean and Six Sigma are compared side by side, then innovation systems, IPR, Industry 4.0, clusters with PPP models and the S-curve.
7 content parts, 7 long and 10 short questions, 3 figures.
| Sigma level | DPMO | Yield |
|---|---|---|
| 3σ | 66,807 | 93.3% |
| 4σ | 6,210 | 99.38% |
| 6σ | 3.4 | 99.99966% |
Quick look: sigma levels (from page 29)
- Sigma level
- 3σ
- DPMO
- 66,807
- Yield
- 93.3%
- Sigma level
- 4σ
- DPMO
- 6,210
- Yield
- 99.38%
- Sigma level
- 6σ
- DPMO
- 3.4
- Yield
- 99.99966%
BBA 318 Unit 3: Global Competitiveness of Indian Industry
Pages 44 to 58. India's strengths (IT, generic pharma, UPI) are set against manufacturing stuck near 15 to 17% of GDP. A fishbone groups the causes of uncompetitiveness, the smile curve explains value chains, and full cases on Infosys, Tata, Mahindra and Reliance close the unit with 9 mini-cases.
8 content parts, 6 long and 9 short questions, 2 figures.
| Index | Publisher | India |
|---|---|---|
| World Competitiveness Ranking | IMD | 41st (2025) |
| Global Innovation Index | WIPO | 38th (2025) |
| Logistics Performance Index | World Bank | 38th of 139 (2023) |
Quick look: India's index ranks (from page 46)
- Index
- World Competitiveness Ranking
- Publisher
- IMD
- India
- 41st (2025)
- Index
- Global Innovation Index
- Publisher
- WIPO
- India
- 38th (2025)
- Index
- Logistics Performance Index
- Publisher
- World Bank
- India
- 38th of 139 (2023)
BBA 318 Unit 4: Strategic Alliances
Pages 59 to 74. World trends (CO1) and 12 reasons for the rise of alliances (CO2) lead into JVs, licensing, franchising and consortia with Indian examples such as Hero Honda and Covishield. Costs and benefits answer CO3; the 3C partner test, governance and an alliance scorecard answer CO4.
7 content parts, 7 long and 8 short questions, 1 figure.
| Basis | Licensing | Franchising |
|---|---|---|
| Transferred | Specific IP: patent, trademark | Whole business system and brand |
| Control | Low | High, strict standards |
| Support | Limited | Continuous training and supply |
Quick look: licensing vs franchising (from page 63)
- Basis
- Transferred
- Licensing
- Specific IP: patent, trademark
- Franchising
- Whole business system and brand
- Basis
- Control
- Licensing
- Low
- Franchising
- High, strict standards
- Basis
- Support
- Licensing
- Limited
- Franchising
- Continuous training and supply
Porter's four determinants in national competitiveness: excerpt from page 12 of the BBA 318 notes
Excerpt from page 12
Factor conditions: basic vs advanced factors
Porter splits a nation's factors of production into two kinds. Basic factors are inherited or created with small investment: natural resources, climate, location and unskilled labour. Advanced factors are built through heavy, continuous investment: digital infrastructure, highly educated people and university research institutes. Basic factors matter less for competitive advantage today, while advanced factors matter most because they are hard to copy.
| Basic factors | Advanced factors |
|---|---|
| Inherited or created with small investment | Created through heavy and continuous investment |
| Example: iron ore deposits in Odisha | Example: IIT and IISc talent pool, ISRO's space research base |
Basic and advanced factors with Indian examples (page 12)
- Basic factors
- Inherited or created with small investment
- Advanced factors
- Created through heavy and continuous investment
- Basic factors
- Example: iron ore deposits in Odisha
- Advanced factors
- Example: IIT and IISc talent pool, ISRO's space research base
Porter also makes the point that a selective factor disadvantage can push innovation. Japan, short of land and raw materials, developed lean and just-in-time production. Scarcity forced creativity.
Demand conditions
When home buyers are sophisticated and demanding, firms improve quality and innovate early, and that later helps them abroad. Early demand that anticipates world trends gives a head start, and a large home market allows economies of scale. In India, very price-sensitive buyers produced frugal innovation: the Tata Nano, low-cost mobile tariffs and the one-rupee shampoo sachet, all of which help Indian firms in other emerging markets.
Related and supporting industries
Internationally competitive local suppliers give fast access to inputs, close coordination and shared ideas. This is the base of industrial clusters: Italian shoes backed by leather tanning and design firms, Silicon Valley with chip makers, venture capital and universities, and in India the Chennai and Pune auto clusters and Bengaluru's IT, start-up and GCC network.
Firm strategy, structure and rivalry
Porter found strong local rivalry to be the most powerful stimulus of all. Toyota, Honda, Nissan and Mazda pushed each other into world-class carmakers; TCS, Infosys, Wipro and HCL did the same for Indian IT; and the telecom price war after 2016 made Indian data among the cheapest in the world.
BBA 318 exam corner: 35 short-answer and 26 long-answer (seven- to fifteen-mark) questions by unit
| Unit | Short | Long | Long by label (15 / 12 / 10 / 7 Marks) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit 1 | 8 | 6 | 2 / 2 / 1 / 1 |
| Unit 2 | 10 | 7 | 2 / 3 / 2 / 0 |
| Unit 3 | 9 | 6 | 4 / 1 / 1 / 0 |
| Unit 4 | 8 | 7 | 3 / 2 / 2 / 0 |
BBA 318 questions by unit
- Unit
- Unit 1
- Short
- 8
- Long
- 6
- Long by label (15 / 12 / 10 / 7 Marks)
- 2 / 2 / 1 / 1
- Unit
- Unit 2
- Short
- 10
- Long
- 7
- Long by label (15 / 12 / 10 / 7 Marks)
- 2 / 3 / 2 / 0
- Unit
- Unit 3
- Short
- 9
- Long
- 6
- Long by label (15 / 12 / 10 / 7 Marks)
- 4 / 1 / 1 / 0
- Unit
- Unit 4
- Short
- 8
- Long
- 7
- Long by label (15 / 12 / 10 / 7 Marks)
- 3 / 2 / 2 / 0
- Unit 1, 12 Marks (page 21): Define global competitiveness and explain its importance for India. Pointer: four definitions, levels, then the 1991 crisis as the Indian example.
- Unit 2, 15 Marks (page 41): Discuss the role of government policy in developing competitiveness. Pointer: roles of government, GST and IBC, LPG reforms, the 142 to 63 Doing Business jump.
- Unit 3, 15 Marks (page 57): What are the causes of uncompetitiveness of Indian industry? Pointer: fishbone first, then infrastructure, policy, skills and innovation gaps.
- Unit 4, 15 Marks (page 73): Explain the process of planning a successful alliance and the partners' responsibilities. Pointer: five-stage flow, 3C test, governance, ten responsibilities.
The BBA 318 notes solve 35 short-answer and 26 long-answer questions across 4 units, plus 4 full company cases and 9 mini-cases. Exam-style, no year tags. More practice sits in the BBA 318 important questions.
Who writes and checks the BBA 318 competitiveness notes?
- Prateek Talwar, author: Founder, Unnati Educations; ACS, ICSI (no. 58704, since 2019); B.Com, University of Delhi (SOL), 2012. Profile
- Sheetal Kirola, subject reviewer: BBA and B.Ed, University of Delhi (SOL); 6 years of experience in BBA subjects. Profile
The 2026-27 edition of these BBA 318 Global Competitiveness IPU notes follows the revised NEP-based BBA scheme, dates every rank it quotes and maps CO1 to CO4 to Unit 4. Updated 13 October 2026; see our editorial policy.
The same team prepares GGSIPU important questions for other courses.
Do the BBA 318 notes cover the full GGSIPU syllabus?
Yes. Every official BBA 318 topic has its own part in the notes; Unit 4 adds costs and benefits for CO3.
| Official unit | Official topics | In the notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit I: Global Competitiveness | Definition, drivers, comparative vs competitive advantage, Porter's Diamond, WEF, IMD, national vs firm level, studies, benchmarking | Parts A-I, p. 7 | Covered |
| Unit II: Developing Competitiveness | Policy and reforms, ease of doing business; TQM, Lean, Six Sigma; NIS, R&D, IPR; human capital; ICT, AI, Industry 4.0; clusters, PPP; technology lifecycle | Parts A-G, p. 24 | Covered |
| Unit III: Global Competitiveness of Indian Industry | Status, sectors, index ranks, causes of uncompetitiveness, GVCs, exports, FDI, technology transfer, four company cases | Parts A-H, p. 44 | Covered |
| Unit IV: Strategic Alliances | Types, value creation, partner selection, governance, conflict, performance, Indian alliances, cross-nation study | Parts A-G, p. 59 | Covered |
Official BBA 318 units mapped to the notes (official PDF pages 147-148)
- Official unit
- Unit I: Global Competitiveness
- Official topics
- Definition, drivers, comparative vs competitive advantage, Porter's Diamond, WEF, IMD, national vs firm level, studies, benchmarking
- In the notes
- Parts A-I, p. 7
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit II: Developing Competitiveness
- Official topics
- Policy and reforms, ease of doing business; TQM, Lean, Six Sigma; NIS, R&D, IPR; human capital; ICT, AI, Industry 4.0; clusters, PPP; technology lifecycle
- In the notes
- Parts A-G, p. 24
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit III: Global Competitiveness of Indian Industry
- Official topics
- Status, sectors, index ranks, causes of uncompetitiveness, GVCs, exports, FDI, technology transfer, four company cases
- In the notes
- Parts A-H, p. 44
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit IV: Strategic Alliances
- Official topics
- Types, value creation, partner selection, governance, conflict, performance, Indian alliances, cross-nation study
- In the notes
- Parts A-G, p. 59
- Status
- Covered
Verify it in the official BBA scheme and syllabus, revised w.e.f. 2024-25 (PDF), pages 147-148.
The PDF gives no unit-wise marks, so each BBA 318 unit gets a full exam corner. Every course in GGSIPU notes is mapped to its official PDF the same way.
How to write BBA 318 answers: diagram-led long answers with dated rankings and Indian company cases
Global Competitiveness answers are judged on frameworks, figures and examples, so the BBA 318 notes build each long answer in that order, and every unit's common-mistakes box lists the slips that cost marks.
Draw the framework first. Porter's Diamond must show government and chance as outside forces, not a fifth determinant. Unit 2 expects the PDCA cycle and S-curve, Unit 3 the fishbone and smile curve, Unit 4 the alliance spectrum.
Put a year on every number. Write "41st in IMD 2025", never a bare rank. Do not write "Doing Business ranking 2024": the report stopped after 2020 and B-READY replaced it.
Group, then illustrate. Split drivers into macro (institutions, infrastructure, policy) and micro (strategy, technology, skills), with one Indian example each. In case answers, tie Infosys, Tata, Mahindra or Reliance to a source of competitiveness, not company history.
Keep the names straight. Comparative advantage is Ricardo's; Six Sigma is Motorola's and Lean is Toyota's; Corus went to Tata Steel and JLR to Tata Motors. In Unit 4, never list M&A as an alliance type, and always give costs as well as benefits, since CO3 asks for both.
Worked example: Ricardo in a seven-mark answer (from page 10)
| Country | Cloth | Wine | Cost of 1 wine |
|---|---|---|---|
| India | 10 hrs | 20 hrs | 2 cloth |
| Portugal | 8 hrs | 8 hrs | 1 cloth |
Labour hours per unit (page 10)
- Country
- India
- Cloth
- 10 hrs
- Wine
- 20 hrs
- Cost of 1 wine
- 2 cloth
- Country
- Portugal
- Cloth
- 8 hrs
- Wine
- 8 hrs
- Cost of 1 wine
- 1 cloth
Portugal is better at both, yet gives up less cloth per wine, so it specialises in wine and India in cloth, and both gain. Add the comparison table and close with: comparative advantage tells what to produce today, competitive advantage tells how to upgrade. Practise this on GGSIPU BBA important questions.
BBA 318 and the GGSIPU BBA Sem 6 papers it connects to
BBA 318 has no paired lab; every Semester 6 paper with its credits is on the GGSIPU BBA syllabus page.
The closest partner is BBA 320 WTO and Intellectual Property Rights, which meets BBA 318 Unit 2 on IPR and TRIPS and Unit 3 on FTAs. BBA 302 Business Policy and Strategy shares Porter's five forces with Unit 1 and cooperation strategies with Unit 4.
The other Semester 6 papers are BBA 304 Digital and Social Media Marketing, BBA 306 Organization Effectiveness and Change, BBA 308 Strategic HRM, BBA 310 Advertising and Brand Management, BBA 312 Principles of Event Management, BBA 314 Financial Markets and Institutions, BBA 316 Corporate Accounting, BBA 322 Sustainable Entrepreneurship and BBA 324 Entrepreneurial Finance. BBA 314 shares the IBC 2016 with BBA 318 Unit 2.
BBA 318 competitiveness notes FAQs
How do I get the full BBA 318 notes?
Send a WhatsApp message to 9899436384 using the "Get Full Notes" button. The full BBA 318 notes come only as a printed book of 74 pages covering all 4 units; they are not available as a PDF. Price and payment details are shared on WhatsApp, and the book is delivered within a maximum of 5 to 7 days, depending on your location.
Is BBA 318 compulsory for every BBA Semester 6 student?
No. BBA 318 is an International Business elective, taken as a major or minor elective depending on the specialisation scheme you follow. Its partner elective in the same basket is BBA 320. The scheme says electives run only at the discretion of the college or university, so check with your institute before you choose BBA 318.
How many marks is BBA 318 and what is the passing mark?
BBA 318 is marked out of 100: 40 internal and 60 end-term. The BBA scheme splits the internal 40 into a 15-mark class test and 25 marks for at least two activities such as assignments, presentations or viva. The BBA scheme PDF does not print a pass percentage, so check GGSIPU Ordinance 11 on ipu.ac.in for end-term minimums and re-appear rules.
Which BBA 318 unit is the longest in the notes?
Unit 2, Developing Competitiveness, is the longest unit in the notes, running from page 24 to page 43 (20 pages). It also carries the most exam work, 7 long and 10 short questions, and the official syllabus gives it the most teaching time: 16 of 60 hours, across seven topic groups from government policy to technology lifecycle management.
Are the rankings in the BBA 318 notes up to date?
Every ranking figure in the BBA 318 notes carries its year, for example India 41st in the IMD ranking for 2025 and 38th in the Global Innovation Index for 2025. Rankings change yearly, so the notes advise checking the latest June IMD edition before the exam and writing the year with every rank you quote.
Get the full BBA 318 Global Competitiveness Notes on WhatsApp
| Unit | Pages | Long Qs | Short Qs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit 1 | 7-23 (17) | 6 | 8 |
| Unit 2 | 24-43 (20) | 7 | 10 |
| Unit 3 | 44-58 (15) | 6 | 9 |
| Unit 4 | 59-74 (16) | 7 | 8 |
Inside the printed BBA 318 book (front matter on pages 1-6)
- Unit
- Unit 1
- Pages
- 7-23 (17)
- Long Qs
- 6
- Short Qs
- 8
- Unit
- Unit 2
- Pages
- 24-43 (20)
- Long Qs
- 7
- Short Qs
- 10
- Unit
- Unit 3
- Pages
- 44-58 (15)
- Long Qs
- 6
- Short Qs
- 9
- Unit
- Unit 4
- Pages
- 59-74 (16)
- Long Qs
- 7
- Short Qs
- 8
The full BBA 318 notes are a printed book only: 74 pages of Global Competitiveness notes in English, not available as a PDF. Price and payment are shared on WhatsApp; delivery takes a maximum of 5 to 7 days, depending on your location.
Order the BBA 318 Global Competitiveness Notes book on WhatsApp (4 units, 74 pages)
Unnati Educations is an independent education provider based in Vikaspuri, Delhi. We are not affiliated with, authorised by, or endorsed by Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU). 'GGSIPU' and 'IPU' are used only to describe the syllabus our notes follow. For official information, visit ipu.ac.in.
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