BBA 425 International Marketing Notes cover all 4 units of this GGSIPU BBA (Hons.) Semester 7 elective in 57 pages: 41 topics, 13 flowcharts, 16 real-world case examples and a question bank of 48 short-answer and 32 long-answer questions. They follow the revised NEP scheme w.e.f. academic session 2024-25 and are sold as a printed book.
Written and reviewed by Sheetal Kirola, Academic Head, M.Ed., 7 years · Checked against BBA Scheme and Syllabus (NEP Based, Revised), w.e.f. 2024-25 · Updated 14 October 2026 · Editorial policy
Scheme: BBA Scheme and Syllabus (NEP Based, Revised) | Applies to: academic session 2024-25 onwards | Verified against: BBAwef2024_25_200125.pdf on ipu.ac.in
BBA 425 International Marketing at a glance: GGSIPU BBA Sem 7 credits, units and exam pattern
| Code and title | BBA 425 International Marketing |
|---|---|
| Course and semester | BBA (Hons.), Semester 7 |
| Category | International Business elective: Major Elective (DSC) or Minor Elective (IDC), by your specialisation |
| Credits and hours | L-4, T-0, 4 credits; 15 hours per unit |
| Marks | 100: 40 internal + 60 end-term |
| Internal split | Class test 15 + at least two activities 25 |
| End-term pattern | Not printed in the official BBA PDF |
| Units | 4 (numbered only, no official titles) |
| Paired lab | None |
| Pass and re-appear rules | Ordinance 11 |
Semester 7 pairs BBA 401 and BBA 403 with two major electives and one minor elective, 20 credits in all. BBA 425 is one of three International Business electives among the GGSIPU BBA Semester 7 papers, offered at each college's discretion.
BBA 425 International Marketing Notes unit-wise: 41 topics and 80 practice questions across 4 units
These GGSIPU BBA Sem 7 International Marketing notes follow the official unit order. Each unit ends with 12 short-answer and 8 long-answer questions plus a 10-term revision table. Notes for every other BBA paper sit under GGSIPU BBA notes.
BBA 425 Unit 1: Globalization, Trade Theories and the Political, Legal and Cultural Environment
Pages 6-20, 14 topics. It opens with domestic vs international vs global marketing, the EPRG orientations, Yip's four globalization drivers and the types of MNCs. Seven trade theories run from mercantilism to Porter's Diamond, with Ricardo's India-UK wheat and cloth table. Then come political systems and risk, dumping, legal systems, tariffs, Hofstede's six dimensions and the country-of-origin effect.
3 flowcharts and 6 cases, including the 2020 TikTok ban.
| Type | What happens |
|---|---|
| Sporadic | Surplus stock cleared abroad now and then |
| Predatory | Price cut to push rivals out, raised later |
| Persistent | Lower foreign price kept because demand differs |
| Reverse | Foreign price higher than the home price |
Quick look: four types of dumping (from page 15)
- Type
- Sporadic
- What happens
- Surplus stock cleared abroad now and then
- Type
- Predatory
- What happens
- Price cut to push rivals out, raised later
- Type
- Persistent
- What happens
- Lower foreign price kept because demand differs
- Type
- Reverse
- What happens
- Foreign price higher than the home price
BBA 425 Unit 2: Global Market Opportunities, Marketing Research and Entry Strategies
Pages 21-33, 9 topics. It starts with five-step market screening, eight assessment criteria and the country attractiveness matrix. Research covers secondary sources, quantitative vs qualitative methods, back-translation, five types of equivalence and Kotler's four MIS components. Nine entry modes lead into Balassa's integration levels and India's CEPA, ECTA and TEPA deals.
4 flowcharts and 4 cases, such as IKEA's ten-year study of India.
Quick look: the Uppsala sequence of going international (from page 31)
- No regular exports
- Exports through independent agents
- An overseas sales subsidiary
- An overseas production subsidiary
BBA 425 Unit 3: Product Strategy, International Branding and Pricing
Pages 34-44, 7 topics. Standardisation vs adaptation and Keegan's five product-promotion strategies come first, then Kotler's five product levels, cross-country PLC extension, branding (see the excerpt below), global NPD with waterfall and sprinkler launches and Rogers' diffusion factors. Pricing covers escalation, nine strategies, psychological pricing, transfer pricing, countertrade, INCOTERMS 2020 and four kinds of price leadership.
2 flowcharts and 3 cases, including GE's portable ECG machine.
| Cost element | Domestic (₹) | Export (₹) |
|---|---|---|
| Manufacturer's price | 100 | 100 |
| Freight, insurance, 20% duty on CIF | 0 | 38 |
| Middlemen margins | 43 | 89 |
| Final consumer price | 143 | 227 (approx.) |
Quick look: how export costs push up a ₹100 product (from page 41)
- Cost element
- Manufacturer's price
- Domestic (₹)
- 100
- Export (₹)
- 100
- Cost element
- Freight, insurance, 20% duty on CIF
- Domestic (₹)
- 0
- Export (₹)
- 38
- Cost element
- Middlemen margins
- Domestic (₹)
- 43
- Export (₹)
- 89
- Cost element
- Final consumer price
- Domestic (₹)
- 143
- Export (₹)
- 227 (approx.)
BBA 425 Unit 4: Global Distribution, Export Logistics and Advertising
Pages 45-57, 11 topics. Retail patterns by country lead into thirteen types of middlemen and Cateora's 6 Cs of channel choice. Export logistics covers seven components, six transport modes and India's export flow from IEC to RoDTEP. Promotion runs from sales force design to standardised vs adapted advertising, creative challenges, eight appeals, message strategy and DAGMAR.
4 flowcharts and 3 cases, such as Dove's "Real Beauty" campaign.
| Basis | Agent | Merchant |
|---|---|---|
| Title to goods | Not taken | Taken |
| Risk | Manufacturer's | Middleman's |
| Earns | Commission | Profit margin |
| Manufacturer's control | High | Low |
Quick look: agent vs merchant middlemen (from page 48)
- Basis
- Title to goods
- Agent
- Not taken
- Merchant
- Taken
- Basis
- Risk
- Agent
- Manufacturer's
- Merchant
- Middleman's
- Basis
- Earns
- Agent
- Commission
- Merchant
- Profit margin
- Basis
- Manufacturer's control
- Agent
- High
- Merchant
- Low
Global, local and glocal brand strategies in international marketing: excerpt from page 38 of the BBA 425 notes
Excerpt from page 38
What makes a brand global
The American Marketing Association defines a brand as a name, term, sign, symbol, design or a mix of these that identifies one seller's goods or services and sets them apart from competitors. A global brand keeps the same name, a similar image and the same positioning in most of the countries where it is sold.
Why branding matters more abroad
- It builds recognition and trust across countries.
- It supports premium pricing, as Apple and Louis Vuitton show.
- Trademarks give it legal protection.
- It makes new launches easier through brand extension.
- It builds loyalty and brand equity, a real asset: Interbrand values Apple at over US$ 450 billion.
Seven international branding strategies
| Strategy | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Global (single) brand | One brand name worldwide | Coca-Cola, Nike, Samsung |
| Local (national) brands | Different names in different countries | Unilever's Wall's is Kwality Wall's in India and Algida in Turkey |
| Mixed or glocal | Global umbrella with local product brands | Nestlé with Maggi; Nescafé Sunrise in India |
| Corporate or family | Company name on every product | Tata, Sony |
| Individual | A separate brand for each product | P&G's Tide, Ariel, Pampers |
| Private label | The retailer's own brand | Walmart's Great Value |
| Co-branding | Two brands on one offer | Tata Starbucks |
International branding strategies with examples (page 38)
- Strategy
- Global (single) brand
- Meaning
- One brand name worldwide
- Example
- Coca-Cola, Nike, Samsung
- Strategy
- Local (national) brands
- Meaning
- Different names in different countries
- Example
- Unilever's Wall's is Kwality Wall's in India and Algida in Turkey
- Strategy
- Mixed or glocal
- Meaning
- Global umbrella with local product brands
- Example
- Nestlé with Maggi; Nescafé Sunrise in India
- Strategy
- Corporate or family
- Meaning
- Company name on every product
- Example
- Tata, Sony
- Strategy
- Individual
- Meaning
- A separate brand for each product
- Example
- P&G's Tide, Ariel, Pampers
- Strategy
- Private label
- Meaning
- The retailer's own brand
- Example
- Walmart's Great Value
- Strategy
- Co-branding
- Meaning
- Two brands on one offer
- Example
- Tata Starbucks
Brand levels
A brand can work at four geographic levels: global (McDonald's), regional (food brands sold only in the EU), national (Thums Up in India, Inca Kola in Peru) and local (a city's own namkeen brand). The firm picks the level that suits each product.
Brand name decisions
The marketer also chooses between a generic product and a branded one, a manufacturer's brand and a distributor's own label, and one global name or several local names. A fourth route is to buy a popular local brand: Coca-Cola bought Thums Up, Limca and Maaza from Parle in 1993 and still sells them in India.
How to write BBA 425 answers: framework tables, Indian brand cases and a price-escalation working
Define the term, show the framework as a table or flowchart, then tie each point to a named brand or country. The notes' tips stress that examiners reward this kind of application.
For domestic vs international vs global marketing, add the EPRG table. For trade theories, explain at least four, include Ricardo's India-UK table, show Porter's Diamond as a table and end with the Leontief Paradox. For entry modes, draw the risk-control ladder and give one Indian example per rung, such as Maruti Suzuki for a joint venture.
Mistakes the notes flag:
- "Dumping is selling cheap goods". It is selling below normal value; the product need not be cheap.
- Listing only "language" as a data problem. Split secondary and primary data problems, with five examples.
- Leaving the termination clause out of a foreign distributor answer.
Worked example: a long answer on international pricing
Define international pricing and draw a table of internal and external factors. Show escalation with the page 41 numbers: a ₹100 product reaches the home buyer at ₹143 but the foreign buyer at about ₹227 after ₹15 freight and insurance, ₹23 duty and three middlemen margins. Add ways to cut it (shorter channels, CKD shipping, FTZs) and four strategies, such as penetration pricing by Reliance Jio.
Practise it on GGSIPU BBA important questions.
BBA 425 exam corner: 48 short-answer and 32 long-answer practice questions by unit
| Unit | Short-answer (2–5 marks) | Long-answer (10–15 marks) | Revision terms |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | 12 | 8 | 10 |
| II | 12 | 8 | 10 |
| III | 12 | 8 | 10 |
| IV | 12 | 8 | 10 |
BBA 425 question bank in the notes, by unit (marks labels as printed)
- Unit
- I
- Short-answer (2–5 marks)
- 12
- Long-answer (10–15 marks)
- 8
- Revision terms
- 10
- Unit
- II
- Short-answer (2–5 marks)
- 12
- Long-answer (10–15 marks)
- 8
- Revision terms
- 10
- Unit
- III
- Short-answer (2–5 marks)
- 12
- Long-answer (10–15 marks)
- 8
- Revision terms
- 10
- Unit
- IV
- Short-answer (2–5 marks)
- 12
- Long-answer (10–15 marks)
- 8
- Revision terms
- 10
The BBA 425 notes list 48 short-answer and 32 long-answer exam-style questions across 4 units, plus 40 quick-revision key terms. The questions have no model answers. One per unit:
- Unit I: What is Self-Reference Criterion (SRC)? The unconscious use of your own cultural values; add Cateora's four steps for removing it (page 11).
- Unit II: What is back-translation? Translate a questionnaire, translate it back and compare meaning; mention parallel translation and decentring (page 26).
- Unit III: Explain Keegan's five product-promotion strategies. Use the table from straight extension to product invention (pages 35-36).
- Unit IV: What is DAGMAR? Colley's 1961 method of setting measurable advertising goals, tracked through Awareness, Comprehension, Conviction and Action (page 56).
More practice sits in the BBA 425 important questions.
BBA 425 and the GGSIPU BBA Sem 7 papers it connects to
BBA 425 has no practical paper; see where it fits in the GGSIPU BBA syllabus.
Semester 7 neighbours: BBA 401 Project Management, BBA 403 Fundamentals of Actuarial Sciences and two other International Business electives.
- Unit IV export logistics → BBA 427 International Supply Chain Management.
- Unit IV sales force sourcing and Unit I Hofstede → BBA 423 International Human Resource & Cross Cultural Management.
- Unit I trade theories and EPRG → BBA 213 Management of International Business (Semester 3).
- Unit I dumping and TRIPS → BBA 320 WTO and Intellectual Property Rights (Semester 6).
- Unit IV export procedure → BBA 315 Export, Import Policies, Procedures and Documentation (Semester 5).
Who writes and checks the BBA 425 marketing notes?
- Sheetal Kirola, author and reviewer of the BBA 425 notes · Academic Head, Unnati Educations · M.Ed. · 7 years of experience · Profile
The book maps the four units of the revised NEP BBA scheme w.e.f. 2024-25. The 2026-27 edition adds the 2025 US reciprocal tariffs and the India-UK CETA, with "latest update" boxes on figures to recheck. Last updated 14 October 2026. See our editorial policy.
The same team prepares GGSIPU important questions for every course.
Do the BBA 425 notes cover the full GGSIPU syllabus?
Yes. Every BBA 425 topic in the official syllabus for Units I to IV has its own section in the notes; the unit check found no gaps.
| Official unit | Official topics | Where in the notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit I | Globalization and marketing across borders; global trade; drivers of globalization; MNCs; dynamic environment of trade; trade theories; global market, political and legal environment; dumping; tariff barriers; political risk; culture and marketing mix; consumer behavior | Sections 1-14, pages 7-19 | Covered |
| Unit II | Global market opportunities; global marketing research; quantitative and qualitative research; problems in gathering data; data reliability; marketing information system; foreign market entry strategies; market regions | Sections 1-9, pages 22-32 | Covered |
| Unit III | Product levels, lifecycle, brand strategy, brand levels and alternatives, global NPD; product and culture; international pricing strategies, psychological pricing, pricing models, non-price factors, price leadership | Sections 1-7, pages 35-43 | Covered |
| Unit IV | Distribution pattern, middlemen choices, channel factors; export logistics; sales force; global advertising, creative challenges, appeals, message strategy, advertising effectiveness | Sections 1-11, pages 46-56 | Covered |
BBA 425 official syllabus mapped to the notes
- Official unit
- Unit I
- Official topics
- Globalization and marketing across borders; global trade; drivers of globalization; MNCs; dynamic environment of trade; trade theories; global market, political and legal environment; dumping; tariff barriers; political risk; culture and marketing mix; consumer behavior
- Where in the notes
- Sections 1-14, pages 7-19
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit II
- Official topics
- Global market opportunities; global marketing research; quantitative and qualitative research; problems in gathering data; data reliability; marketing information system; foreign market entry strategies; market regions
- Where in the notes
- Sections 1-9, pages 22-32
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit III
- Official topics
- Product levels, lifecycle, brand strategy, brand levels and alternatives, global NPD; product and culture; international pricing strategies, psychological pricing, pricing models, non-price factors, price leadership
- Where in the notes
- Sections 1-7, pages 35-43
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit IV
- Official topics
- Distribution pattern, middlemen choices, channel factors; export logistics; sales force; global advertising, creative challenges, appeals, message strategy, advertising effectiveness
- Where in the notes
- Sections 1-11, pages 46-56
- Status
- Covered
Check it yourself in the official BBA (NEP Based, Revised) scheme and syllabus w.e.f. 2024-25, pages 187-188. These BBA 425 International Marketing IPU notes follow that PDF topic by topic; it numbers units only, so unit titles here are the notes' own.
Every course in GGSIPU notes is mapped to its official PDF the same way.
BBA 425 marketing notes FAQs
How do I get the full BBA 425 notes?
Message us on WhatsApp at 9899436384 with the code BBA 425. The full notes come only as a printed book of 57 pages covering all 4 units; they are not sold as a PDF. After your order is confirmed, the book reaches you within 5-7 days at most, depending on your location.
Do the BBA 425 notes follow the revised BBA syllabus w.e.f. 2024-25?
Yes. The BBA 425 notes were checked against the BBA Scheme and Syllabus (NEP Based, Revised), w.e.f. academic session 2024-25, on ipu.ac.in. Every topic listed for Units I to IV has its own section, from trade theories in Unit I to advertising effectiveness in Unit IV, and the syllabus map above gives the page for each.
What is the passing mark for BBA 425 International Marketing?
BBA 425 is marked out of 100: 40 internal and 60 in the end-term exam. The internal 40 splits into a 15-mark class test and 25 marks for at least two activities such as assignments or a presentation. The BBA scheme PDF does not print a pass percentage, so take minimum marks and re-appear rules from Ordinance 11 on ipu.ac.in or from your institute.
Do the BBA 425 notes include answers to the question bank?
No. The 48 short-answer and 32 long-answer questions at the end of each unit are practice questions without model answers. Each one maps to a topic in that unit, so the content you need is already in the notes. For example, the Unit III price escalation question is answered by the worked cost table on page 41.
Is BBA 425 a major or a minor elective in Semester 7?
It can be either. BBA 425 is listed under the International Business specialisation for Semester 7, where students take two papers from their major specialisation and one from their minor. If International Business is your major, it counts as a Major Elective (Discipline Specific Course); if it is your minor, a Minor Elective (Inter-disciplinary Course). It carries 4 credits either way.
What kind of examples do the BBA 425 notes use?
The BBA 425 notes carry 16 boxed real-life cases plus a brand example in most topic tables. They include India's 2020 TikTok ban, Coca-Cola leaving India in 1977, IKEA's ten-year study before its Hyderabad store, Maruti Suzuki as a joint venture, Reliance Jio's penetration pricing and GE's portable ECG machine, each told in two or three lines.
Get the full BBA 425 International Marketing Notes on WhatsApp
| Unit | Pages | Topics | Flowcharts | Questions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | 6-20 (15) | 14 | 3 | 20 |
| II | 21-33 (13) | 9 | 4 | 20 |
| III | 34-44 (11) | 7 | 2 | 20 |
| IV | 45-57 (13) | 11 | 4 | 20 |
What is in the full BBA 425 notes book, unit by unit
- Unit
- I
- Pages
- 6-20 (15)
- Topics
- 14
- Flowcharts
- 3
- Questions
- 20
- Unit
- II
- Pages
- 21-33 (13)
- Topics
- 9
- Flowcharts
- 4
- Questions
- 20
- Unit
- III
- Pages
- 34-44 (11)
- Topics
- 7
- Flowcharts
- 2
- Questions
- 20
- Unit
- IV
- Pages
- 45-57 (13)
- Topics
- 11
- Flowcharts
- 4
- Questions
- 20
These are International Marketing notes in English, built on short paragraphs, tables and flowcharts: 57 pages with a 4-page index, 41 topics and 80 exam-style questions. Format: printed book only, not a PDF. Delivery: within 5-7 days at most after your order is confirmed, depending on your location.
Order the BBA 425 notes book on WhatsApp (4 units, 57 pages)
Unnati Educations is an independent education provider based in Vikaspuri, Delhi. We are not affiliated with, authorised by, or endorsed by Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU). 'GGSIPU' and 'IPU' are used only to describe the syllabus our notes follow. For official information, visit ipu.ac.in.
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