BBA 406 Cross Cultural and Global Management Notes by Unnati Educations run to 63 pages across 4 units, with 68 topic sections, 19 examples and case studies, and 59 exam-style practice questions (31 short, 28 long). They follow the revised IPU BBA scheme for students admitted from 2024-25 onwards.
Written and reviewed by Sheetal Kirola, Academic Head, M.Ed. · Checked against the BBA Scheme and Syllabus, revised w.e.f. 2024-25 (BBAwef2024_25_200125.pdf) · Updated 14 October 2026 · Editorial policy
Scheme: BBA NEP-based scheme, revised w.e.f. 2024-25 | Applies to: batch admitted 2024-25 onwards | Verified against: BBAwef2024_25_200125.pdf (ipu.ac.in)
BBA 406 Cross Cultural and Global Management at a glance: GGSIPU BBA Sem 8 credits, units and exam pattern
| Code and title | BBA 406: Cross Cultural and Global Management |
|---|---|
| Course and semester | BBA (Hons.), Semester 8 (fourth year) |
| Where it sits | Human Resource Management major elective |
| Category and credits | Discipline Specific Course / Major · 4 credits · L-4, T-0 (15 hours per unit) |
| Marks | 100: 40 internal (class test 15 + activities 25) + 60 end-term |
| End-term pattern | Not printed in the official PDF |
| Pass rules | No pass percentage printed; see Ordinance 11 |
| Applies to | Batch admitted 2024-25 onwards |
| Units / paired lab | 4 units · no paired lab |
BBA 406 sits only in the 8th semester of the four-year BBA (Hons.) track, and colleges offer electives at their discretion, so GGSIPU BBA Sem 8 Cross Cultural and Global Management notes suit students whose college runs this paper. It sits with the other GGSIPU BBA Semester 8 papers.
BBA 406 Cross Cultural and Global Management Notes unit-wise: 68 topics and 19 examples and case studies across 4 units
Each unit follows the official topic order and ends with a Quick Revision Table and practice questions. Notes for every other paper sit under GGSIPU BBA notes.
BBA 406 Unit 1: Understanding Culture, Society and Managerial Behavior
Pages 4 to 19, 18 sections. It separates culture, society and nationality, then covers cultural intelligence, Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, Murdock, Hall, Trompenaars, the Lewis triangle, etic and emic research, ethics and CSR under Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013. Examples include Walmart in Germany and Coca-Cola at Plachimada.
Quick look: high-context vs low-context communication (from page 11)
| Basis | High-context | Low-context |
|---|---|---|
| Message | Implicit, read between the lines | Explicit, direct words |
| Agreements | Verbal promise and relationship | Detailed written contracts |
| Saying "No" | Avoided: "we will see" | A direct "No" is fine |
| Time | Polychronic | Monochronic |
Quick look: Hall's high vs low context cultures (from page 11)
- Basis
- Message
- High-context
- Implicit, read between the lines
- Low-context
- Explicit, direct words
- Basis
- Agreements
- High-context
- Verbal promise and relationship
- Low-context
- Detailed written contracts
- Basis
- Saying "No"
- High-context
- Avoided: "we will see"
- Low-context
- A direct "No" is fine
- Basis
- Time
- High-context
- Polychronic
- Low-context
- Monochronic
BBA 406 Unit 2: Human Resource Management in Global Organizations
Pages 20 to 37, 21 sections. It covers PCN, HCN and TCN staffing under Perlmutter's EPRG, Tung's selection factors, the U-curve and W-curve, repatriation, appraisal raters, pay and tax, negotiation, labour laws in eight countries, work visas and duty of care, with a Delhi-to-Singapore balance-sheet illustration.
Quick look: working out a cost-of-living allowance (from page 31)
- Spendable income at home: ₹10,00,000 a year.
- Cost-of-living index: home 100, host city 130.
- COLA = spendable income × (host index ÷ home index − 1).
- COLA = 10,00,000 × 0.30 = ₹3,00,000 a year.
BBA 406 Unit 3: Regional and Country Cluster Analysis
Pages 38 to 49, 13 sections. It explains why firms group countries into clusters, weighs geopolitics (sanctions, China + 1, Brexit) against economics, and runs six cases from Toyota to IKEA. Ronen and Shenkar, GLOBE clusters, regional business cultures and Bartlett and Ghoshal follow.
Quick look: Trompenaars' four corporate cultures (from page 42)
| Type | Built on | Typical countries |
|---|---|---|
| Family | Hierarchy + person | India, Japan, France |
| Eiffel Tower | Hierarchy + task | Germany, Austria |
| Guided Missile | Equality + task | USA, UK, Canada |
| Incubator | Equality + person | Sweden, Denmark |
Quick look: Trompenaars' corporate culture types (from page 42)
- Type
- Family
- Built on
- Hierarchy + person
- Typical countries
- India, Japan, France
- Type
- Eiffel Tower
- Built on
- Hierarchy + task
- Typical countries
- Germany, Austria
- Type
- Guided Missile
- Built on
- Equality + task
- Typical countries
- USA, UK, Canada
- Type
- Incubator
- Built on
- Equality + person
- Typical countries
- Sweden, Denmark
BBA 406 Unit 4: Managing Global Workforce
Pages 50 to 63, 16 sections. It contrasts domestic and global leadership, then covers the 70-20-10 model, virtual teams and time zones, innovation models, Lewin, Kotter and ADKAR, crisis stages, ringi and shura decisions, outsourcing, supply chain risk and future trends. Cases cover Microsoft, Nestlé's Maggi and Apple's move to India.
Quick look: how culture shapes a change programme (from page 55)
| Dimension | Effect on change |
|---|---|
| High uncertainty avoidance | More resistance; needs detailed, gradual plans |
| High power distance | Accepted when the top leader drives it |
| Collectivism | Group consent; involve informal leaders |
| Long-term orientation | Patience with slow results |
Quick look: cultural dimension and effect on change (from page 55)
- Dimension
- High uncertainty avoidance
- Effect on change
- More resistance; needs detailed, gradual plans
- Dimension
- High power distance
- Effect on change
- Accepted when the top leader drives it
- Dimension
- Collectivism
- Effect on change
- Group consent; involve informal leaders
- Dimension
- Long-term orientation
- Effect on change
- Patience with slow results
Hofstede's six cultural dimensions in cross-cultural management: excerpt from page 12 of the BBA 406 notes
Excerpt from page 12
Dutch social psychologist Geert Hofstede studied over 1,16,000 IBM employees in more than 50 countries between 1967 and 1973. He found four dimensions of national culture. A fifth was added with Michael Bond in 1991 and a sixth with Michael Minkov in 2010. Each country gets a score from 0 to 100 on each dimension, which lets a manager compare two countries quickly.
1. Power Distance Index (PDI)
The extent to which less powerful members accept that power is distributed unequally. High PDI countries such as India, Malaysia and Mexico show hierarchy, respect for seniors and centralised decisions. Low PDI countries such as Denmark and Austria show equality, consultation and a first-name basis at work.
2. Individualism vs Collectivism (IDV)
Whether people see themselves as "I" or "We". Individualist societies (USA, UK, Australia) stress personal goals and self-reliance. Collectivist societies (China, Pakistan, Indonesia) stress loyalty to the group, the family and harmony.
3. Masculinity vs Femininity (MAS)
Masculine societies such as Japan and Italy value achievement, competition, success and clear gender roles. Feminine societies such as Sweden, Norway and the Netherlands value caring, quality of life and cooperation. The dimension is now often called "motivation towards achievement and success".
4. Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)
The degree to which people feel threatened by ambiguity and unknown situations. High UAI countries (Greece, Japan, Germany) rely on rules, planning and job security. Low UAI countries (Singapore, Denmark, and India comparatively) show flexibility, risk-taking and tolerance of change.
5. Long-Term vs Short-Term Orientation (LTO)
Long-term cultures such as China, Japan and South Korea value perseverance, thrift and future rewards. Short-term cultures such as the USA and Nigeria value tradition, quick results and fulfilling social obligations.
The sixth dimension, Indulgence vs Restraint, continues on page 13 with a workplace-effect table, five applications and five criticisms of the IBM data.
Do the BBA 406 notes cover the full GGSIPU syllabus?
Yes. All 67 official BBA 406 topics have their own section (68 in the notes, as Latin American and African cultures are split).
| Official unit | Official topics | Where in the notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit I: Understanding Culture, Society, and Managerial Behavior | Culture, society, nationality; cultural dimensions; CQ; Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck to Lewis; Hermes and GLOBE; ethics; CSR (18) | Sections 1 to 18, p4 to 17 | Covered |
| Unit II: Human Resource Management in Global Organizations | Expatriate selection, training, re-entry; appraisal; L&D; compensation and tax; negotiation; labour laws, visas, health and safety (21) | Sections 1 to 21, p20 to 36 | Covered |
| Unit III: Regional and Country Cluster Analysis | Clusters; geopolitical factors; case studies; cluster theory; regional business cultures; MNCs; successes and failures (12) | Sections 1 to 13, p38 to 48 | Covered |
| Unit IV: Managing Global Workforce | Global leadership; virtual teams; innovation and change; crisis and decisions; supply chain; ethics and law; future trends (16) | Sections 1 to 16, p50 to 62 | Covered |
Official BBA 406 units mapped to the Unnati notes
- Official unit
- Unit I: Understanding Culture, Society, and Managerial Behavior
- Official topics
- Culture, society, nationality; cultural dimensions; CQ; Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck to Lewis; Hermes and GLOBE; ethics; CSR (18)
- Where in the notes
- Sections 1 to 18, p4 to 17
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit II: Human Resource Management in Global Organizations
- Official topics
- Expatriate selection, training, re-entry; appraisal; L&D; compensation and tax; negotiation; labour laws, visas, health and safety (21)
- Where in the notes
- Sections 1 to 21, p20 to 36
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit III: Regional and Country Cluster Analysis
- Official topics
- Clusters; geopolitical factors; case studies; cluster theory; regional business cultures; MNCs; successes and failures (12)
- Where in the notes
- Sections 1 to 13, p38 to 48
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Unit IV: Managing Global Workforce
- Official topics
- Global leadership; virtual teams; innovation and change; crisis and decisions; supply chain; ethics and law; future trends (16)
- Where in the notes
- Sections 1 to 16, p50 to 62
- Status
- Covered
Official source: BBA Scheme and Syllabus (NEP based), revised w.e.f. 2024-25, pages 202 and 203, with 15 teaching hours per unit.
Every course in GGSIPU notes is mapped to its official PDF topic by topic in the same way.
How to write BBA 406 answers: framework tables, country examples and case-based long answers
BBA 406 answers reward structure more than length, because almost every topic is a named model with a researcher and a year. The notes give a fixed order for long answers: definition, then the framework as a table, then country examples, then managerial implications, then criticism, then a short conclusion. Quote the researcher and year each time, such as Hall (1976) or House's GLOBE study, and use Indian examples like Tata or HUL where they fit, since the notes give one for most models.
Three answer types run across the four units:
- Framework answers (Units I and IV): Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck, Trompenaars, Kotter or Vroom-Yetton-Jago. Draw the table, then add one country per row.
- Diagram answers (Unit II): draw the U-curve or W-curve of adjustment, and a balance-sheet table for expatriate pay.
- Case and region answers (Unit III): Background, Management style, Cultural reason, Adaptation abroad, Lesson. For region comparisons, use columns for communication, time, hierarchy, decision-making and negotiation, then two or three company examples.
Worked outline: "Explain Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Value Orientation Theory and its managerial implications."
- Definition: every culture answers a few universal questions and prefers certain answers (1961).
- Table: human nature, relation to nature, time, activity and relationships, plus space, each with three variations (page 10).
- Implications: people seen as good leads to delegation (Theory Y); "mastery" cultures such as the USA plan and control; "doing" cultures reward results.
- Close with one limitation, such as stereotyping, and one future trend from Unit IV.
A common slip is treating nationality as culture; the notes point out that a Canadian citizen may follow Punjabi culture. Practise this format on GGSIPU BBA important questions.
BBA 406 exam corner: 31 short-answer and 28 long-answer practice questions by unit
| Unit | Short Answer Questions (2–5 marks) | Long Answer Questions (10–15 marks) | Examples and case studies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit I | 8 | 7 | 4 |
| Unit II | 8 | 7 | 4 |
| Unit III | 7 | 7 | 8 |
| Unit IV | 8 | 7 | 3 |
Practice questions and examples in the BBA 406 notes, by unit
- Unit
- Unit I
- Short Answer Questions (2–5 marks)
- 8
- Long Answer Questions (10–15 marks)
- 7
- Examples and case studies
- 4
- Unit
- Unit II
- Short Answer Questions (2–5 marks)
- 8
- Long Answer Questions (10–15 marks)
- 7
- Examples and case studies
- 4
- Unit
- Unit III
- Short Answer Questions (2–5 marks)
- 7
- Long Answer Questions (10–15 marks)
- 7
- Examples and case studies
- 8
- Unit
- Unit IV
- Short Answer Questions (2–5 marks)
- 8
- Long Answer Questions (10–15 marks)
- 7
- Examples and case studies
- 3
The BBA 406 notes list 31 short-answer and 28 long-answer practice questions across 4 units, plus 19 examples and case studies. They are a practice list per unit, answered from that unit's sections; the marks labels are the notes' own guide.
- Unit I: What is cultural intelligence (CQ)? Explain its components. Earley and Ang (2003); Drive, Knowledge, Strategy and Action, each with its question (page 9).
- Unit II: What is reverse culture shock? Distress on returning home; both the person and the firm have changed; four re-entry stages (page 24).
- Unit III: What is Ubuntu philosophy? "I am because we are": community and shared responsibility in Southern Africa (page 46).
- Unit IV: Distinguish between outsourcing and offshoring. Outside provider vs another country; add captive centres, nearshoring and reshoring (page 59).
More practice sits in the BBA 406 important questions.
Who writes and checks the BBA 406 Cross Cultural Management notes?
- Sheetal Kirola: author and reviewer of these BBA 406 notes · Academic Head, Unnati Educations · M.Ed. · 7 years of experience · Profile
For these BBA 406 Cross Cultural and Global Management IPU notes, she mapped all 68 sections to the four units of the revised scheme for the 2024-25 batch onwards. The 2026-27 edition was last updated on 14 October 2026.
How we write, check and correct notes is set out in our editorial policy. The same team prepares GGSIPU important questions for every course.
BBA 406 and the GGSIPU BBA Sem 8 papers it connects to
BBA 406 has no paired lab. The full semester list is in the GGSIPU BBA syllabus.
- BBA 402 Research Ethics and Writing: Unit I section 15 on etic, emic and comparative research.
- BBA 404 AI and ML in Business: Unit IV sections 5 and 9 on AI tools and technological change.
- BBA 408 Management of Industrial Relations: Unit II section 19 on labour laws, unions and works councils.
- BBA 410 Human Resource Development - Strategies and Systems: Unit II sections 9 to 12 on global training.
BBA 406 Cross Cultural Management notes FAQs
How do I get the full BBA 406 notes?
Send a WhatsApp message to 9899436384 with the code BBA 406. The full notes come only as a printed book of 63 pages; they are not available as a PDF. Delivery takes a maximum of 5 to 7 days, and the exact time depends on your location, so mention your city in the message and the team will confirm it.
Is BBA 406 the same paper as BBA 423 International Human Resource & Cross Cultural Management?
No. BBA 406 Cross Cultural and Global Management is a Semester 8 major elective in the Human Resource Management list of the revised BBA scheme. BBA 423 is a Semester 7 elective under International Business. The titles overlap, so check the code on your admit card and ask your college which electives it is running this year.
How many marks is BBA 406, and what is the passing mark?
BBA 406 is marked out of 100: 40 internal and 60 end-term. The internal 40 is a 15-mark class test plus 25 marks for at least two activities such as assignments or viva-voce. The BBA scheme of examination does not print a pass percentage, so we do not state one; end-term minimums and re-appear rules follow the university's Ordinance 11, published on ipu.ac.in.
Which BBA 406 unit is the longest in the notes?
Unit II, Human Resource Management in Global Organizations: 18 pages and 21 sections, from expatriate selection on page 20 to health and safety on page 35. It holds most of the book's tables, covering staffing types, appraisal raters, pay components, tax methods, labour laws and work visas, plus the only worked COLA calculation in the whole book.
Do the BBA 406 notes follow the revised 2024-25 syllabus?
Yes. The BBA 406 notes were checked against the revised NEP-based BBA Scheme and Syllabus effective from 2024-25 on ipu.ac.in. All 67 official topics in Units I to IV have their own section, in syllabus order. If you were admitted before 2024-25, compare your own syllabus with the coverage table on this page before you order.
Who should study BBA 406 in Semester 8?
BBA 406 is for fourth-year BBA (Hons.) students who chose Human Resource Management as their major. They take three Sem 8 major electives from that list, and BBA 406 sits alongside BBA 408 and BBA 410. Students on the Hons. with Research track take BBA 402, BBA 404 and the BBA 412 dissertation instead of these electives.
Get the full BBA 406 Cross Cultural and Global Management Notes on WhatsApp
| Unit | Pages | Sections | Practice questions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit I | 16 (p4 to 19) | 18 | 15 |
| Unit II | 18 (p20 to 37) | 21 | 15 |
| Unit III | 12 (p38 to 49) | 13 | 14 |
| Unit IV | 14 (p50 to 63) | 16 | 15 |
Inside the BBA 406 notes book
- Unit
- Unit I
- Pages
- 16 (p4 to 19)
- Sections
- 18
- Practice questions
- 15
- Unit
- Unit II
- Pages
- 18 (p20 to 37)
- Sections
- 21
- Practice questions
- 15
- Unit
- Unit III
- Pages
- 12 (p38 to 49)
- Sections
- 13
- Practice questions
- 14
- Unit
- Unit IV
- Pages
- 14 (p50 to 63)
- Sections
- 16
- Practice questions
- 15
These Cross Cultural and Global Management notes in English come only as a printed book of 63 pages, not a PDF. Delivery takes a maximum of 5 to 7 days; the rest depends on your location.
Unnati Educations is an independent education provider based in Vikaspuri, Delhi. We are not affiliated with, authorised by, or endorsed by Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU). 'GGSIPU' and 'IPU' are used only to describe the syllabus our notes follow. For official information, visit ipu.ac.in.
Ready for the full notes?
Discuss coverage and delivery with our team.