BCA 224T Principles of Accounting Notes for GGSIPU BCA Sem 4

Scheme: BCA scheme w.e.f. 2024-25 | Applies to: batch admitted 2024-25 onwards | Verified against: BCA Scheme and Syllabus, 1st and 2nd Year, page 110 (BCA 224T), 13 October 2026

On this page

1. BCA 224T at a glance
2. Unit-wise notes
   1. Unit 1: Accounting basics, concepts, standards and IFRS
   2. Unit 2: Journal, subsidiary books, ledger, trial balance, computerised accounting
   3. Unit 3: Final accounts without and with adjustments
   4. Unit 4: Inventory valuation and depreciation
3. Exam corner
4. Who writes and checks these notes
5. How to write BCA 224T answers
6. Connected Semester 4 papers
7. Excerpt from page 64
8. Syllabus coverage map
9. FAQs
10. Get the full notes

BCA 224T Principles of Accounting at a glance: GGSIPU BCA Sem 4 credits, units and exam pattern

BCA 224T is the commerce paper in a computing degree: you journalise, post, balance and close books, then repeat the work in Tally. These Principles of Accounting notes in English start each topic from a plain example.

It sits beside the other GGSIPU BCA Semester 4 papers as one of three GE-2 choices.

Pass and re-appear rules: Ordinance 11 (examinations and results) on ipu.ac.in.

BCA 224T Principles of Accounting Notes unit-wise: 19 worked examples and 55 two-mark answers across 4 units

Each unit ends with an exam corner and a quick revision sheet. Every other paper's notes sit under GGSIPU BCA notes.

The official PDF numbers the units only, so these BCA 224T Principles of Accounting IPU notes use their own unit titles.

BCA 224T Unit 1: Introduction to Accounting, Concepts, Standards and IFRS

Pages 3 to 22, 8 sections: definitions, the seven-step accounting process, scope, branches, ten concepts and four conventions, Indian standard-setting, IFRS and the Ind AS roadmap. Count: 6 worked examples, 14 two-mark answers, 6 ten-mark answer guides.

BCA 224T Unit 2: Journal, Subsidiary Books, Ledger, Trial Balance and Computerised Accounting

Pages 23 to 41, 5 sections. Mr. Rohit's April business runs from 12 journal entries to a triple column cash book, ledger and ₹2,61,000 trial balance, then is rebuilt in Tally Prime. Count: 6 worked examples, 14 two-mark answers, 6 ten-mark answer guides.

BCA 224T Unit 3: Final Accounts Without and With Adjustments

Pages 42 to 57, 8 sections: capital versus revenue items, the three final account formats, marshalling and 14 adjustments. Mr. Arun's accounts are solved without adjustments, Ms. Neha's with nine. Count: 3 worked examples, 13 two-mark answers, 5 ten-mark answer guides.

Quick look: bad debts and a 5% provision in four steps (from page 50)

1. Debtors ₹1,00,000, bad debts in the trial balance ₹3,000, old provision ₹4,000, further bad debts ₹2,000.
2. New provision = 5% of (1,00,000 - 2,000) = ₹4,900.
3. P&L debit = 3,000 + 2,000 + 4,900 - 4,000 = ₹5,900.
4. Balance Sheet debtors = 1,00,000 - 2,000 - 4,900 = ₹93,100.

BCA 224T Unit 4: Inventory Valuation and Depreciation

Pages 58 to 73, 9 sections: inventory under AS 2, cost or NRV, inventory systems, one stores ledger under FIFO, LIFO and weighted average, both depreciation recording methods, and SLM and WDV on one machine. Count: 4 worked examples, 14 two-mark answers, 6 ten-mark answer guides.

BCA 224T exam corner: 55 two-mark answers and 23 ten-mark answer guides by unit

Each unit has 2 Marks questions with full answers and 10 Marks guides: outlines showing what to write and the marks for each part.

• Unit 1: State the convention of conservatism with an example. Pointer: anticipate no profit, provide for all losses; stock at cost or market price, whichever is lower.
• Unit 2: What is a contra entry? Pointer: a cash-bank transfer written on both sides of the cash book, marked C.
• Unit 3: Why is closing stock shown twice? Pointer: given outside the trial balance, it goes to the Trading Account credit side and the Balance Sheet.
• Unit 4: Why does the WDV method never reduce an asset to zero? Pointer: each charge is a percentage of the remaining book value.

The BCA 224T notes solve 55 two-mark questions and give 23 ten-mark answer guides across 4 units, plus 19 worked examples.

More practice sits in the BCA 224T important questions.

Who writes and checks the BCA 224T accounting notes?

• Prateek Talwar, writer. Founder, Unnati Educations; Associate Company Secretary (ACS), ICSI, membership no. 58704, since 15 May 2019; B.Com, University of Delhi (SOL), 2012. Author bio
• Ritik Rawat, BCA subject reviewer. Senior Full Stack Developer, Unnati Educations; B.Tech. Reviewer bio

The 2026-27 edition maps all four BCA 224T units to the scheme for the 2024-25 batch onwards, last checked on 13 October 2026. How we write and correct notes is in our editorial policy.

The same team prepares GGSIPU important questions for every course it covers.

How to write BCA 224T answers: journal entries, adjustment working notes and ten-mark theory answers

BCA 224T mixes two answer types. Practical questions (journal, cash book, final accounts, stores ledger, depreciation accounts) earn marks for format, figures and working notes. Theory questions (concepts, Ind AS versus IFRS, causes of depreciation) earn marks for definitions, structure and a diagram.

Journal and books. Find the two accounts, name their type, apply the rule, then write the debit line, the "To" line and the narration. The notes' memory trick is "A-E on the left, L-C-R on the right": assets and expenses rise on the debit side. A compound entry from Unit 2 shows the full format:

Common slips the notes flag. Trade discount never enters the cash book; only cash discount does. Discount columns are totalled, not balanced. Carriage inward goes to the Trading Account and carriage outward to the P&L Account. An adjustment given outside the trial balance is shown twice, so tick each one in rough work before you start.

Ten-mark theory. Follow the marks split the guides give. For "Define accounting, explain its nature and objectives", that is 1 mark for the AICPA and AAA definitions, 5 for the nature points, 3 for objectives and 1 for the process diagram. For Ind AS versus IFRS, write 3 to 4 lines of background, a table of at least 8 points, and close with "IFRS-converged, not IFRS-adopted".

Practise this format on GGSIPU BCA important questions before the end-term.

BCA 224T and the GGSIPU BCA Sem 4 papers it connects to

BCA 224T has no lab paper; its Tally work sits in Units 2 and 3. The full paper map is on the GGSIPU BCA syllabus page.

BCA 224T replaces BCA 222T Digital Marketing or BCA 226T Open Elective. Around it sit BCA 202T Operating Systems, BCA 204T Software Testing, their labs, BCA 232 Logic and Critical Thinking, BCA 234 Health and Wellness (NUES) and one elective pair from BCA 212, 216, 218 or 220.

Unit 2's audit trail and user rights meet access control again in BCA 220T Information Security, and Unit 1's link between accounting and management builds on BCA 221T Principles of Management and Organizational Behaviour from Semester 3.

Depreciation and the factors that fix its amount in accounting: excerpt from page 64 of the BCA 224T notes

Excerpt from page 64

A machine bought for ₹2,00,000 will not be worth ₹2,00,000 after five years of use. Its value falls every year. This permanent and gradual fall in the value of a fixed asset is called depreciation. It is a cost of using the asset, just like rent or wages, so it must be charged against the profit of every year under the matching concept.

Definition (ICAI, AS 10)

Depreciation is the systematic allocation of the depreciable amount of an asset over its useful life. Depreciable amount = cost of the asset - residual (scrap) value. In simple words, depreciation is the gradual, permanent and continuous decrease in the book value of a fixed asset due to use, passage of time or obsolescence.

Features of depreciation

• It is charged only on fixed tangible assets, not on current assets like stock or debtors. For intangible assets the term is amortisation; for natural resources it is depletion.
• It is a permanent and gradual fall in value, not a temporary dip in market price.
• It is a non-cash expense: no cash leaves the business when depreciation is charged.
• It is a charge against profit, so it is debited to the Profit and Loss Account even in a year of loss.
• It continues until the end of the asset's useful life.
• It is an estimate, based on cost, useful life and residual value.

Factors affecting the amount of depreciation

• Cost of the asset: purchase price plus freight, installation and any other cost of making it ready for use.
• Estimated useful life: the period, or the units of output, for which the asset is expected to be used.
• Residual or scrap value: the expected sale value at the end of its useful life.
• Method of depreciation: the straight line method, the written down value method or another method chosen by the firm.

Once these four factors are known, the yearly charge can be worked out. Under the straight line method, a machine costing ₹2,00,000 with a scrap value of ₹20,000 and a five-year life is depreciated by (2,00,000 - 20,000) ÷ 5 = ₹36,000 every year.

Do the BCA 224T notes cover the full GGSIPU syllabus?

Yes. Every topic in the four official units maps to a numbered section of the notes, with no gaps.

Official source: BCA scheme of examination on ipu.ac.in, w.e.f. 2024-25 . Unit topics: page 110 of the 1st and 2nd year BCA syllabus (approved 01.08.2025).

Every course in GGSIPU notes is mapped to its official PDF the same way.

BCA 224T accounting notes FAQs

How do I get the full BCA 224T notes?

Tap "Get Full Notes" at the top of this page or the WhatsApp box at the end. A chat opens with our GGSIPU desk and the BCA 224T request already typed. These notes come only as a printed book, not as a PDF. The desk shares the order details there, and you get the 73-page book with all 4 units.

Is BCA 224T compulsory in GGSIPU BCA Semester 4?

No. BCA 224T is one of three Generic Elective (GE-2) options in Semester 4, with BCA 222T Digital Marketing and BCA 226T, an open elective from another department. You study only one of the three. Each carries 3 credits and 100 marks, so confirm your registered option with your institute before you start preparing for it.

What is the passing mark for BCA 224T?

BCA 224T is marked out of 100: 40 internal and 60 end-term. The BCA scheme does not print a pass percentage for this paper (it states 40% only for the non-credit bridge course), so we do not quote one here. End-term minimums, grading and re-appear rules come from GGSIPU Ordinance 11, which is available on ipu.ac.in.

Do the BCA 224T notes cover Tally and computerised accounting?

Yes. The syllabus asks for "any popular accounting software", and the notes use Tally Prime. Unit 2 (pages 35 to 38) covers company creation, ledger groups, voucher types with keys and reports such as the trial balance. Unit 3 (pages 53 to 54) shows the P&L Account and Balance Sheet appearing after adjustment journals are passed.

Which BCA 224T unit has the most numericals?

Unit 2 has the most numericals: 6 fully worked. Mr. Rohit's April transactions run from the journal through the triple column cash book and ledger to the trial balance, so you see one entry travel through every book. Unit 4 has 4, including one stores ledger under three methods and machinery accounts under SLM and WDV.

Why does BCA 224T still teach LIFO if AS 2 does not allow it?

Because the official Unit IV topics name FIFO, LIFO and weighted average, so LIFO can be asked in the end-term. The BCA 224T notes solve one stores ledger under all three methods and compare the results, then explain that AS 2, Ind AS 2 and IFRS do not permit LIFO in published accounts. Adding that point helps in theory answers.

Get the full BCA 224T Principles of Accounting Notes on WhatsApp

Order these notes in book form through WhatsApp; they are not available as a PDF. The GGSIPU BCA Sem 4 Principles of Accounting notes come as one printed English book with 12 numbered diagrams.

Order the BCA 224T notes book on WhatsApp (4 units, 73 pages)

Unnati Educations is an independent education provider based in Vikaspuri, Delhi. We are not affiliated with, authorised by, or endorsed by Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU). 'GGSIPU' and 'IPU' are used only to describe the syllabus our notes follow. For official information, visit ipu.ac.in.