MBA(A) 106 Data Visualization Notes cover all 4 official units of this MBA (Analytics) Semester 2 paper in a 45-page book: 19 figures, 4 case studies, 9 solved short answers and 41 practice questions. They follow the MBA (Analytics) Scheme and Syllabus 2022-24 onwards, on ipu.ac.in.
Written by Prateek Talwar, Founder, Unnati Educations (ACS, B.Com) · Reviewed by Ritik Rawat, B.Tech, Senior Full Stack Developer · Checked against MBA (Analytics) Scheme and Syllabus 2022-24 onwards (syllMBAAnalytics180225.pdf) · Updated 14 October 2026 · Editorial policy
Scheme: MBA (Analytics) Scheme and Syllabus 2022-24 onwards | Applies to: batches under the 2022-24 onwards scheme
MBA(A) 106 Data Visualization at a glance: GGSIPU MBA (Analytics) Sem 2 credits, units and exam pattern
| Code and title | MBA(A) 106 Data Visualization |
|---|---|
| Course and semester | MBA (Analytics), Second Semester |
| Category and credits | Skill Enhancement · L-2 · 2 credits · 28 hours |
| Marks | Internal assessment out of 25 (Class Test-I 15 + presentation, viva or GD 10); end-term marks not printed in the official PDF |
| Applies to | Scheme and Syllabus 2022-24 onwards |
| End-term pattern | Not printed in the official PDF |
| Units | 4: Introduction · Data Analysis · Data Summarization · Visualization |
| Paired lab | MBA(A) 152 Data Visualization Lab · P-2 · 1 credit · Tableau |
The four units run as one chain: why charts matter, who reads the result, how to tell it as a story, and which chart and tool to use. Pass rules follow Ordinance 11.
It is one of eleven GGSIPU MBA (Analytics) Semester 2 papers, and the only one built around charts and reporting.
MBA(A) 106 Data Visualization Notes unit-wise: 19 figures, 4 case studies and 50 exam questions across 4 units
These GGSIPU MBA (Analytics) Sem 2 Data Visualization notes run from page 4 to 44, each unit ending with a revision table and exam questions.
Other papers of this course: GGSIPU MBA (Analytics) notes.
MBA(A) 106 Unit 1: Introduction
Also covered as "Introduction to Data Visualization". Pages 4-14 cover three textbook definitions, the Cleveland and McGill ranking of visual channels, Anscombe's Quartet, results analysis (descriptive to prescriptive), six categories of business outcomes with KPIs, the Balanced Scorecard, OKRs and the PDCA loop. 7 figures, 3 solved and 12 practice questions.
| Region | Target | Actual | Achievement |
|---|---|---|---|
| North | 120 | 132 | 110% |
| East | 90 | 72 | 80% |
| West | 110 | 115 | 105% |
| Total (5 regions) | 500 | 494 | 98.8% |
Quick look: Q2 regional sales in ₹ lakh, target vs actual (from page 9)
- Region
- North
- Target
- 120
- Actual
- 132
- Achievement
- 110%
- Region
- East
- Target
- 90
- Actual
- 72
- Achievement
- 80%
- Region
- West
- Target
- 110
- Actual
- 115
- Achievement
- 105%
- Region
- Total (5 regions)
- Target
- 500
- Actual
- 494
- Achievement
- 98.8%
The total looks safe; East at 80% is the story.
MBA(A) 106 Unit 2: Data Analysis
Also covered as "Data Analysis: Audience, Delivery Mode and Format". Pages 15-24 cover six audience types, Mendelow's power-interest grid, a persona ("Ritu, Regional Sales Head"), Knaflic's Big Idea, four delivery modes and seven report formats. 4 figures, 2 solved and 10 practice questions.
| Audience | Primary mode | Supporting mode |
|---|---|---|
| Board / CEO | Live presentation | 1-2 page executive summary |
| Department heads | Interactive dashboard | Monthly review meeting |
| Field sales force | Mobile dashboard / WhatsApp alerts | Weekly huddle call |
| Investors | Investor presentation | Annual report, press release |
Quick look: matching the audience with a delivery mode (from page 20)
- Audience
- Board / CEO
- Primary mode
- Live presentation
- Supporting mode
- 1-2 page executive summary
- Audience
- Department heads
- Primary mode
- Interactive dashboard
- Supporting mode
- Monthly review meeting
- Audience
- Field sales force
- Primary mode
- Mobile dashboard / WhatsApp alerts
- Supporting mode
- Weekly huddle call
- Audience
- Investors
- Primary mode
- Investor presentation
- Supporting mode
- Annual report, press release
MBA(A) 106 Unit 3: Data Summarization
Pages 25-33 focus on changing a report for a new reader: nine reasons, seven warning signals, a seven-step process, a keep-or-remove table, storyboarding, a before-and-after declutter chart and a sample executive summary. 4 figures, 2 solved and 10 practice questions.
| Type of change | Example in the notes |
|---|---|
| Level of detail | Board sees 3 headline KPIs; analysts get the full regression output |
| Language | "Statistically significant at 5%" becomes "the increase is real, not due to chance" |
| Framing | Churn result as "₹5 Cr revenue at risk" for the CFO, "1,200 customers to call" for service |
Quick look: types of content change for a new audience (from page 27)
- Type of change
- Level of detail
- Example in the notes
- Board sees 3 headline KPIs; analysts get the full regression output
- Type of change
- Language
- Example in the notes
- "Statistically significant at 5%" becomes "the increase is real, not due to chance"
- Type of change
- Framing
- Example in the notes
- Churn result as "₹5 Cr revenue at risk" for the CFO, "1,200 customers to call" for service
MBA(A) 106 Unit 4: Visualization
Also covered as "Visualization: Charts, Tools, Version Control and Knowledge Base". Pages 34-44 give a chart chooser, the five structures in the course outcomes (tables, time-varying, spatial, tree, network), a 15-row pros-and-cons table, eight basic algorithms, nine tools from Excel to Flourish, twelve selection criteria, semantic versioning with a change log, and eight steps to upload a report to a knowledge base. 4 figures, 2 solved and 9 practice questions.
| Palette | Use for | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Sequential | Ordered values, low to high | Sales heat map |
| Diverging | Values above and below a mid-point | Profit vs loss |
| Categorical | Distinct, unordered groups | Regions or brands (6-8 colours at most) |
Quick look: three colour palettes and when to use them (from page 37)
- Palette
- Sequential
- Use for
- Ordered values, low to high
- Example
- Sales heat map
- Palette
- Diverging
- Use for
- Values above and below a mid-point
- Example
- Profit vs loss
- Palette
- Categorical
- Use for
- Distinct, unordered groups
- Example
- Regions or brands (6-8 colours at most)
SCQA and the pyramid principle in data storytelling: excerpt from page 29 of the MBA(A) 106 notes
Excerpt from page 29
Narrative structures
A data report is easy to follow when it borrows the shape of a story. The notes give four structures, and each suits a slightly different reader.
(a) Three-act structure: beginning, middle, end
The beginning sets the scene: the business question, why it matters and what is at stake. The middle builds understanding: key findings, comparisons and drivers, the "aha" moment where the problem or opportunity becomes clear. The end closes with a recommendation, expected impact, next steps, an owner and a deadline.
Knaflic adapts Freytag's Pyramid for business: exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and resolution. The climax is your most important insight; the resolution is the action you want.
(b) SCR / SCQA framework (Barbara Minto, McKinsey)
SCQA stands for Situation, Complication, Question, Answer. The situation is the current context. The complication is what has changed or gone wrong. The question is what we should do. The answer is the recommendation, backed by data.
Example from the notes. Situation: our app had 2 lakh monthly active users. Complication: active users fell 15% after the March update, and the crash rate doubled on Android. Question: how do we recover users? Answer: roll back the faulty Android module within 2 weeks and send win-back offers to lapsed users.
(c) Pyramid principle: answer first
Busy executives should hear the main conclusion first, then 3 or 4 supporting points, and only then the data. An academic report does the opposite: method first, conclusion last. For instance, "Shift 20% of the ad budget from TV to digital" rests on three supports: digital cost per acquisition is 40% lower, the target age group spends 3 hours a day online, and competitors gained share through digital.
(d) What, So What, Now What
What does the data show? Customer complaints rose 25% in Q3. So what? Complaining customers churn three times more, and ₹2 crore of revenue is at risk. Now what? Fix delivery-partner issues in 3 cities and add 10 support agents.
Do the MBA(A) 106 notes cover the full GGSIPU syllabus?
Yes for all four units: every official MBA(A) 106 topic has its own section. Only "views" in course outcome CO3 has none.
| Official unit | Official topics | Where in the notes | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| I Introduction | Meaning, importance, results analysis, categorization of business outcomes, contribution of result analysis | Sections 1-5, p4-13 | Covered |
| II Data Analysis | Target audience for reporting results; right delivery mode and format | Sections 2-4, p15-23 | Covered |
| III Data Summarization | Need for change in report content as per target audience; summarizing results into a clear narrative | Sections 2-3, p26-32 | Covered |
| IV Visualization | Visualizations for reporting; pros and cons by data type; right tool; version control; knowledge base | Sections 1-5, p34-43 | Covered |
| Course outcomes | Structures (CO2), colours and views (CO3), basic algorithms (CO4) | p35, p37, p38 | Partly covered: "views" has no section |
MBA(A) 106 official units and topics mapped to the notes
- Official unit
- I Introduction
- Official topics
- Meaning, importance, results analysis, categorization of business outcomes, contribution of result analysis
- Where in the notes
- Sections 1-5, p4-13
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- II Data Analysis
- Official topics
- Target audience for reporting results; right delivery mode and format
- Where in the notes
- Sections 2-4, p15-23
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- III Data Summarization
- Official topics
- Need for change in report content as per target audience; summarizing results into a clear narrative
- Where in the notes
- Sections 2-3, p26-32
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- IV Visualization
- Official topics
- Visualizations for reporting; pros and cons by data type; right tool; version control; knowledge base
- Where in the notes
- Sections 1-5, p34-43
- Status
- Covered
- Official unit
- Course outcomes
- Official topics
- Structures (CO2), colours and views (CO3), basic algorithms (CO4)
- Where in the notes
- p35, p37, p38
- Status
- Partly covered: "views" has no section
Verify on page 33 of the MBA (Analytics) Scheme and Syllabus 2022-24 onwards (official PDF).
The official unit titles are single words, so the MBA(A) 106 Data Visualization IPU notes add fuller ones. Every paper on GGSIPU notes is mapped to its official PDF this way.
How to write MBA(A) 106 answers: KPI tables, power-interest grids and chart pros-and-cons tables
This paper rewards answers that show a picture, not just define one, and the notes are written with that in mind. The exam tips in the notes point one way: put a table, grid or small sketch in each long answer, then explain it in two or three lines. A bare list scores less than the same points set against an example.
Unit 1. For "categorize business outcomes", write the six functional categories (financial, customer, operational, people, strategic, risk), add two other bases such as leading vs lagging, and end with a KPI table naming a suitable chart per category. For exploratory vs explanatory, open with Knaflic's pearls-and-oysters line.
Unit 2. A target-audience answer should name the audience types, the audience-analysis questions, the power-interest grid and the Big Idea. Draw the 2 × 2 grid.
Unit 3. After the reasons and types of change, rewrite one result for two or three readers, like this:
| Reader | What you write |
|---|---|
| CEO / Board | "10% discount raised gross profit by 3%. Keep it in tier-2 cities, withdraw it in metros." |
| Finance team | Margin bridge from 32% to 27%, sensitivity at 5%, 10%, 15% |
| Sales team | City-wise volume map, new territory targets, start date |
Worked example: one discount result for three readers (based on page 28)
- Reader
- CEO / Board
- What you write
- "10% discount raised gross profit by 3%. Keep it in tier-2 cities, withdraw it in metros."
- Reader
- Finance team
- What you write
- Margin bridge from 32% to 27%, sensitivity at 5%, 10%, 15%
- Reader
- Sales team
- What you write
- City-wise volume map, new territory targets, start date
Unit 4. For pros and cons, draw a four-column table (chart, best for, pros, cons) for at least six charts, add the pie vs sorted bar example with five close market shares, and name truncated axes and 3-D effects as misleading.
Avoid what the notes warn against: showing the process instead of findings, titles that describe data instead of stating the message, and no recommendation at the end. Practise on GGSIPU MBA (Analytics) important questions.
MBA(A) 106 exam corner: 9 solved short answers and 41 practice questions by unit
| Unit | Solved (2 marks / 3 marks) | Short Answer (2–5 marks) | Long Answer (10–15 marks) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | 2 / 1 | 7 | 5 |
| II | 1 / 1 | 6 | 4 |
| III | 1 / 1 | 6 | 4 |
| IV | 2 / 0 | 5 | 4 |
| Total | 6 / 3 | 24 | 17 |
MBA(A) 106 notes: exam questions by unit
- Unit
- I
- Solved (2 marks / 3 marks)
- 2 / 1
- Short Answer (2–5 marks)
- 7
- Long Answer (10–15 marks)
- 5
- Unit
- II
- Solved (2 marks / 3 marks)
- 1 / 1
- Short Answer (2–5 marks)
- 6
- Long Answer (10–15 marks)
- 4
- Unit
- III
- Solved (2 marks / 3 marks)
- 1 / 1
- Short Answer (2–5 marks)
- 6
- Long Answer (10–15 marks)
- 4
- Unit
- IV
- Solved (2 marks / 3 marks)
- 2 / 0
- Short Answer (2–5 marks)
- 5
- Long Answer (10–15 marks)
- 4
- Unit
- Total
- Solved (2 marks / 3 marks)
- 6 / 3
- Short Answer (2–5 marks)
- 24
- Long Answer (10–15 marks)
- 17
The MBA(A) 106 notes solve 6 two-mark and 3 three-mark questions across 4 units, plus 24 short-answer and 17 long-answer practice questions. Four from the book:
- Unit 1: Differentiate between business output and business outcome. (2 marks) Pointer: output is the activity (50 sales calls); outcome is the result (sales up 12%).
- Unit 2: Distinguish between delivery mode and format. (3 marks) Pointer: mode is the channel, format is the package; a live meeting may use a slide deck.
- Unit 3: What is data summarization? (2 marks) Pointer: condensing results into key numbers, charts and short statements.
- Unit 4: When should a pie chart be avoided? (2 marks) Pointer: many or similar slices, or comparison over time; use a sorted bar.
More practice sits in the MBA(A) 106 important questions.
Who writes and checks the MBA(A) 106 visualization notes?
- Prateek Talwar, author. Founder, Unnati Educations; Associate Company Secretary (ACS), ICSI, since 15 May 2019; B.Com, University of Delhi (SOL), 2012. Author profile
- Ritik Rawat, subject reviewer. Senior Full Stack Developer, Unnati Educations; B.Tech. He checks Unit 4's tools, Git version control and visualisation algorithms. Reviewer profile
Mapped to the 2022-24 onwards scheme, every official topic traced to a page. 2026-27 edition, updated 14 October 2026; see our editorial policy.
The same team writes GGSIPU important questions for every course.
MBA(A) 106 and the MBA(A) 152 Data Visualization lab (Tableau), plus other GGSIPU MBA (Analytics) Sem 2 papers
MBA(A) 152 Data Visualization lab notes: P-2, 1 credit. The official PDF says it covers visualisation and illustration techniques using Tableau.
Theory to lab: Unit 4's tool matrix (pages 38-40) places Tableau beside Power BI and Excel; its chart chooser (pages 34-38) picks the chart for each exercise.
Other Sem 2 papers: MBA(A) 102 Corporate Finance, 104 Business Research, 108 Econometrics, 110 Business Performance Modelling, 112 Risk Assessment and Mitigation, 114 Data Modelling with Python, 116 MOOCs/Open Elective, 118 Minor Project and 154 Data Modelling with Python Lab. MBA(A) 154 uses matplotlib, a Python library compared in Unit 4.
MBA(A) 106 visualization notes FAQs
How do I get the full MBA(A) 106 notes?
Message us on WhatsApp at 9899436384 using the Get Full Notes button. The full MBA(A) 106 notes come as a printed book only; they are not available as a PDF. The book has 45 pages covering all 4 units. Delivery takes a maximum of 5 to 7 days, depending on your location. Price details are shared on WhatsApp.
Do the MBA(A) 106 notes cover all four units of the official syllabus?
Yes. Each topic in the official MBA(A) 106 course content has its own section, from results analysis in Unit 1 to the knowledge base in Unit 4; the syllabus map above gives exact page numbers. Only "views", a word in course outcome CO3, has no separate section, so we do not claim full course-outcome coverage.
What is the passing mark for MBA(A) 106?
The official MBA (Analytics) scheme prints internal assessment out of 25 marks for MBA(A) 106: Class Test-I for 15 and a presentation, viva-voce or group discussion for 10. It does not print the end-term marks or a pass percentage for this paper. The scheme follows Ordinance 11, so check end-term minimums and re-appear rules there, on ipu.ac.in.
Do the MBA(A) 106 notes teach Tableau or Power BI step by step?
No. MBA(A) 106 is a theory paper, so the notes compare nine tools (Excel, Google Sheets, Power BI, Tableau, Looker Studio, Qlik Sense, Python, R and Flourish or Datawrapper) on strengths, limits and best use, with twelve selection criteria. Hands-on Tableau work belongs to the paired MBA(A) 152 lab and its record file, signed by faculty.
Which MBA(A) 106 unit takes the most pages in the notes?
Units 1 and 4 are the longest at 11 pages each, against 10 for Unit 2 and 9 for Unit 3. Unit 1 has the most figures (7 of the 19) and the most practice questions (12). Unit 4 is densest in tables: a 15-row chart pros-and-cons table, a nine-tool comparison and a change log.
Which scheme and language do the MBA(A) 106 notes follow?
They follow the MBA (Analytics) Scheme and Syllabus 2022-24 onwards (syllMBAAnalytics180225.pdf), where MBA(A) 106 is a Skill Enhancement paper in Semester 2 with L-2 and 2 credits. The book is in simple English, with Indian examples in rupees, and quotes books from the official reading list, such as Knaflic's Storytelling with Data and Healy's Data Visualization, so terms match class.
Get the full MBA(A) 106 Data Visualization Notes on WhatsApp
| Unit | Pages | Solved + practice questions |
|---|---|---|
| I Introduction | 4-14 (11) | 3 + 12 |
| II Data Analysis | 15-24 (10) | 2 + 10 |
| III Data Summarization | 25-33 (9) | 2 + 10 |
| IV Visualization | 34-44 (11) | 2 + 9 |
| Total | 45-page book | 9 + 41 |
Inside the MBA(A) 106 printed notes book
- Unit
- I Introduction
- Pages
- 4-14 (11)
- Solved + practice questions
- 3 + 12
- Unit
- II Data Analysis
- Pages
- 15-24 (10)
- Solved + practice questions
- 2 + 10
- Unit
- III Data Summarization
- Pages
- 25-33 (9)
- Solved + practice questions
- 2 + 10
- Unit
- IV Visualization
- Pages
- 34-44 (11)
- Solved + practice questions
- 2 + 9
- Unit
- Total
- Pages
- 45-page book
- Solved + practice questions
- 9 + 41
Format: printed book only, not available as a PDF. Delivery takes a maximum of 5 to 7 days; the rest depends on your location. These are Data Visualization notes in English, built on tables and flowcharts.
Order the MBA(A) 106 printed notes book on WhatsApp (4 units, 45 pages)
Unnati Educations is an independent education provider based in Vikaspuri, Delhi. We are not affiliated with, authorised by, or endorsed by Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University (GGSIPU). 'GGSIPU' and 'IPU' are used only to describe the syllabus our notes follow. For official information, visit ipu.ac.in.
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