BHM 101 Question Paper December 2025 is the sharpest practice set for the CHCWM Fundamentals paper, the one on environmental health and biomedical waste. If your exam falls in 2026, this is the paper to rehearse on, covering environmental health hazards, soil pollution and the handling of waste under the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016. Let's break it down.
What is the BHM-101 December 2025 Question Paper?
The BHM 101 December 2025 question paper is the official IGNOU Term-End Examination for the Fundamentals course on Environment and Health and Health Care Waste Management Regulations, English medium, 70 marks, 3 hours, attempt any seven of eight questions in the CHCWM programme.
In practice it is a single, unsectioned set of eight descriptive questions. You pick your strongest seven, each worth ten marks, and answer in roughly 700 words apiece. The instruction to draw a diagram wherever needed matters, so themes like the food chain or the waste flow at a Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility reward a labelled sketch.
About IGNOU BHM-101 Environment and Health Care Waste Management
BHM-101 builds the foundation for the whole CHCWM programme. It opens with environmental health, the hazards around us, their sources and impact on health, and the prevention and control measures that keep communities safe. Ecological concepts like the food chain and food web sit here too, explaining how pollutants travel and accumulate.
From there it moves to specific pollution streams. You study the sources of soil pollution and its control, the impact and management of radiation and pollution, and the harmful effects of chemical waste on human health.
The regulatory heart of the course is the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016. The paper expects you to know chemical and radioactive waste management under these rules, the intramural and extramural transportation of bio-medical waste, and the duties of the operator of a Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility.
This page is written by Prateek Talwar and reviewed by the Unnati Educations academic team, including our environmental health and biomedical waste management content reviewers. It sits within the BHM-101 course of the IGNOU Certificate in Health Care Waste Management (CHCWM) programme and reflects the official IGNOU Term-End Examination of December 2025. Last updated: June 2026.
BHM-101 Question Paper December 2025 Exam Pattern and Marks
| Aspect | Detail |
|---|---|
| Medium | English only, not bilingual |
| Duration | 3 hours |
| Total marks | 70 |
| Total questions | 8 |
| Questions to attempt | Any 7 |
| Marks per question | 10 marks each, all equal |
| Word length per answer | About 700 words |
| Diagrams | Draw a diagram whenever necessary |
| Sections | None, single unsectioned set |
| Type of questions | Descriptive long answers |
All Questions in the BHM-101 December 2025 Paper
Note : (i) Attempt any seven questions.
(ii) All questions carry equal marks.
(iii) Answer each question in about 700 words.
(iv) Draw diagram whenever necessary.
- Enumerate the environmental health hazards, their sources and impact on health. Mention the prevention and control measures.
- Describe food chain and food web.
- Enlist the sources of soil pollution and enumerate its control measures.
- Describe the impact of radiation, pollution and its management.
- Discuss the harmful effects of chemical waste on human health and management of chemical waste as per BMWM Rules, 2016.
- Describe important consideration to be followed during intramural and extramural transportation of BMW as per BMWM Rules, 2016.
- Management of radioactive waste as per BMWM Rules, 2016.
- Describe the duties of operator of a Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility.
Topics Covered in the BHM-101 Paper
- Environmental health hazards, their sources, impact on health, and prevention and control measures
- The food chain and the food web
- Sources of soil pollution and its control measures
- The impact and management of radiation and pollution
- Harmful effects of chemical waste on human health and chemical waste management under the BMWM Rules, 2016
- Considerations for intramural and extramural transportation of bio-medical waste under the BMWM Rules, 2016
- Management of radioactive waste under the BMWM Rules, 2016
- The duties of the operator of a Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility
Topic Map of the BHM-101 Paper
| Theme | Questions | What it tests |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental health and ecology | 1, 2, 3, 4 | Health hazards and their control, the food chain and food web, soil pollution and its control, and the impact and management of radiation and pollution |
| Health-care and biomedical waste regulation under the BMWM Rules, 2016 | 5, 6, 7, 8 | Chemical waste effects and management, intramural and extramural transportation of bio-medical waste, radioactive waste management, and the duties of a Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility |
How to Use BHM-101 December 2025 Question Paper to Score in the 2026 Exam
Sit this December 2025 IGNOU paper under a real 3-hour clock and pick your best seven of the eight before you start writing. With one question dropped, choose where you are weakest, perhaps radioactive waste management, and protect your stronger answers.
For a 700-word, ten-mark answer, follow a clean shape. Open with a definition or context, set out the sources or causes, then the impacts on health or the environment, and close with the prevention, control or management measures. An environmental health hazards answer lives or dies on that final control section.
Use diagrams where they earn marks, since the paper invites them. The food chain and food web almost demand a labelled sketch, and the waste flow at a Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility is clearer drawn. On the regulation questions, cite the BMWM Rules, 2016 by name rather than writing in vague general terms.
Sample Answer Approach (not a full answer)
Take question 8, the duties of the operator of a Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility. Here is the shape of a full-marks answer, not the answer itself.
Opening: define a CBWTF and its role under the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016, in treating waste from member healthcare units.
Points to cover: collection and transport of bio-medical waste from member units, treatment by the right method, record-keeping and annual reporting, training of staff, and emission and effluent standards.
Where a diagram helps: a simple labelled flow from collection through transport, treatment and final disposal makes the duties concrete.
Conclusion: a two-line note on why operator compliance protects public health and the environment.
Frequently Asked Questions about the BHM-101 December 2025 Question Paper
Is this the authentic BHM-101 IGNOU paper?
Yes. This is the genuine IGNOU Term-End Examination paper for BHM-101 held in December 2025, reproduced word for word in English. The real questions on environmental health hazards, soil pollution and waste handling under the BMWM Rules, 2016 appear here unchanged, with the same four-part Note and the same eight-question structure the university printed.
How many questions must I attempt in the BHM-101 December 2025 Question Paper and out of how many marks?
You attempt any seven of the eight questions, and the paper is out of 70 marks, ten for each question. Answers run to about 700 words and you should draw a diagram whenever it helps, for instance on the food chain and food web or the duties of a Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility.
Is this BHM-101 Question Paper useful for the 2026 CHCWM exam?
Very useful. The December 2025 paper is the most recent official BHM-101 set, so it is the closest guide to your 2026 attempt. Core areas like chemical waste management, radioactive waste under the BMWM Rules, 2016, and bio-medical waste transportation carry steady weight, which makes timed practice on this exact paper worthwhile.
Is a BHM 101 solved question paper available?
Yes, a BHM 101 solved question paper can be shared on request. The questions here are the real ones, and the solved set adds model answers built the way examiners reward, with a clear control section for soil pollution and accurate citation of the BMWM Rules, 2016 for the regulation questions. Message us and we will send what you need.
Can this BHM-101 Question Paper help with the BHM-101 assignment too?
It helps a lot. The BHM-101 assignment and this exam draw on one syllabus, so revising environmental health hazards, the management of radiation and pollution, or the duties of a CBWTF for the paper strengthens your tutor-marked work as well. Practising these December 2025 questions builds the same understanding of waste management the assignment expects.
What BHM-101 support is available?
You can reach our team directly. Whether you want the solved set, help structuring a 700-word answer on chemical waste management, or guidance on choosing your best seven questions, we are a message away. Send us a note on WhatsApp and we will point you to the right BHM-101 resource for your prep.
Unnati Educations is an independent IGNOU study-resource platform that prepares practice papers and solved material for learners.
Disclaimer: Unnati Educations is an independent academic support service and is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or associated with the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). The original question paper is the property of IGNOU and is provided here only as a reference for student practice.