What is the BGS-002 December 2025 Question Paper?
The BGS 002 December 2025 question paper is the official IGNOU Term-End Examination paper for Gender, Science, Technology and Society held in December 2025. It carries 100 marks across eight essay-style questions, tests the entire BGS-002 syllabus, and now serves as the most reliable practice paper for upcoming attempts.
For BAGS and CGSCI students whose Term-End Exam is still some weeks or months away, this paper is rare gold. The structure follows the standard format: students attempt any five of eight questions, with all questions carrying equal weight at 20 marks each. The IGNOU Term-End Examination December 2025 official schedule confirms this paper sat on the calendar.
About IGNOU BGS-002 Gender, Science, Technology and Society
About This Solved Paper
| Prepared by | Unnati Education academic team, IGNOU-experienced content writers |
|---|---|
| Qualification | Postgraduate in Gender Studies with specialization in Science, Technology and Society (STS) |
| Programme | IGNOU Bachelor of Arts (Gender Studies), BAGS, also serves Certificate in Gender and Science (CGSCI) students |
| Institution Reference | IGNOU Term-End Examination, December 2025 |
| Last updated | April 2026 |
About the Course
BGS-002 is a 6-credit core paper in IGNOU's BAGS programme and CGSCI certificate. It examines the gendered shape of science, technology and society: how scientific knowledge gets constructed through cultural categories, the global history of science, women's health and well-being, climate change and gender, the digital divide, women in STEM, gender and energy, and core feminist STS concepts. The paper rewards students who can move between theory and lived Indian context, and that's exactly what working through the IGNOU BGS 002 question paper builds.
BGS 002 Question Paper December 2025: Exam Pattern and Marks Breakdown
Here's the structure at a glance, so you can plan your three hours before opening the booklet.
| Aspect | Detail |
|---|---|
| Duration | 3 hours |
| Total marks | 100 |
| Total questions printed | 8 (Q1 to Q8) |
| Questions to attempt | Any 5 out of 8 |
| Marks per question | 20 marks each (equal weight) Q8 structure | Short notes, write any 4 of 5 sub-parts (5 marks each) Word limit | Long answers around 600 words, short notes around 200 to 250 words |
| Calculator policy | Not applicable, theoretical paper |
| Missing data assumption | Not applicable, no quantitative problems involved |
All Questions in the BGS 002 Question Paper December 2025 (Complete List)
This paper covers the gendered construction of scientific knowledge, history of science from a global perspective, health and well-being, climate change and gender, the gendered digital divide and women in ICT, women's participation in STEM, gender and energy, and short notes on Social Darwinism, division of labour, feminist science, gender-power relations, and reproductive technology. Below is the verbatim text.
Note : (i) Attempt any five of the following questions. (ii) All questions carry equal marks.
Discuss how socio-cultural categories like gender shape the construction of scientific knowledge. 20
Write an essay on the history of science from a global perspective. 20
Differentiate and distinguish between health and well-being. How do they relate with each other ? Explain. 20
Discuss the impact of climate change on gender with the help of suitable example. 20
What is understood by "Gendered Digital Divide" ? Describe the representation of women in the ICT Sector. 20
Write an essay on women's participation in STEM. 20
Analyse the interconnections between gender and energy issues with examples. 20
Write short notes on any four of the following : 4×5=20
(a) Social Darwinism
(b) Division of Labour
(c) Feminist Science
(d) Gender-Power Relations
(e) Reproductive Technology
Syllabus Topics Covered
The December 2025 paper hits these BGS-002 syllabus blocks straight on. Use this list to spot weak zones before you start practising.
Feminist epistemology of science: standpoint theory, situated knowledge, the social construction of objectivity History of science: non-Western traditions (Indian, Chinese, Arab), the colonial reframing of "modern" science Health and well-being: WHO definitions, gendered access to healthcare, ASHA and Mission Indradhanush Climate change and gender: differential vulnerability, women as climate actors, Chipko legacy, COP commitments Digital divide: gendered access to internet and devices, NFHS-5 data, women's representation in ICT industry Women in STEM: pipeline problem, leaky pipeline metaphor, ISRO women scientists, Vigyan Jyoti scheme Gender and energy: clean cooking fuels, PMUY (Ujjwala), drudgery reduction, decentralised renewables Feminist science studies: Donna Haraway's cyborg manifesto, Sandra Harding's strong objectivity, Evelyn Fox Keller, Vandana Shiva on staying alive Core concepts: Social Darwinism, division of labour, gender-power relations, reproductive technologies and ethics
Sample Answer Preview: BGS-002 Gender and Society Explanation
Take Question 4, "Discuss the impact of climate change on gender with the help of suitable example". It's a 20-marker, around 600 words. Most students write a generic essay on global warming and lose half the marks. Here's how examiners actually mark it.
Step 1, Open with the gender-climate framing (about 3 marks). One opening line: climate change is not gender-neutral; existing inequalities of access, mobility, and decision-making mean women, especially poor and rural women, face the impacts of climate change first and worst. Cite UNDP data: women constitute around 70% of the world's poor and 80% of those displaced by climate disasters.
Step 2, Lay out four impact pathways (about 8 marks, 2 each). Number them clearly. One: water and fuelwood collection burden, where women walk longer distances as resources retreat. Two: agricultural distress, since around 75% of rural Indian women work in agriculture and crop failures hit them directly. Three: health impacts, including heat stress on pregnant women and rising vector-borne disease in flooded areas. Four: displacement and gender-based violence in disaster relief camps, well documented after Cyclone Aila and the Kerala floods.
Step 3, Build one detailed Indian case (about 4 marks). Use the Sundarbans climate migration story: rising salinity has destroyed paddy livelihoods, men migrate out for work, women are left to manage agriculture, children, and elders alone, often falling into debt and trafficking risks. Two paragraphs are enough.
Step 4, Bring in feminist scholarship (about 3 marks). Reference Vandana Shiva on women as primary food producers and seed keepers, the ecofeminist linkage between exploitation of nature and patriarchy, and the critique of "gender-blind" climate finance. Donna Haraway's "staying with the trouble" works as a one-line theoretical anchor.
Step 5, Close with policy framing (about 2 marks). Mention the National Action Plan on Climate Change missing strong gender mainstreaming, the role of SHGs in climate adaptation under DAY-NRLM, and the COP-level demand for gender-responsive climate finance. With this structure plus one named scholar and one detailed Indian case, you'll cross 16 out of 20 every single time.
How to Write High-Scoring Answers
Three habits separate a 60% script from an 85% one in BGS-002.
First, name your feminist scholars. Donna Haraway, Sandra Harding, Evelyn Fox Keller, Vandana Shiva, Sharon Traweek, Londa Schiebinger. Naming a scholar plus their key concept (Haraway's situated knowledge, Harding's standpoint theory) earns 1 to 2 marks per essay. Most students write generic feminist arguments and lose those marks.
Second, anchor at least one Indian case in every answer. ISRO women scientists for STEM, ASHA workers for health, Ujjwala for energy, NFHS-5 data for digital divide. Specific, dated, named cases tell the examiner you've engaged beyond textbook theory.
Third, attack the question word. "Discuss" wants multiple perspectives, "Differentiate" demands a structured comparison, "Analyse" expects causal links. The health and well-being question, for instance, needs a clear comparison table, not a single paragraph.
Who Should Use This Solved Question Paper
This paper fits you if any of these match.
- You're a BAGS or CGSCI student with the next BGS-002 Term-End Exam in June 2026 or December 2026 and you want a real reference paper to drill on.
- You're attempting BGS-002 as a backlog and last attempt the feminist science questions or the digital divide essay caught you without scholar names.
- You're a working professional, perhaps in development, journalism, or civil services prep, balancing job and study, who needs a focused resource you can revise on the metro.
- You're tired of free PDFs that mix up Haraway and Harding, or that give 1990s feminist arguments for a 2026 exam, and you want one verified version with a named subject expert.
Why This is Better Than Free PDFs and Telegram Files
Free PDFs are everywhere. Telegram channels, WhatsApp groups, random Drive links shared by seniors. Most have outdated cases, missing scholar names, and recycled content from years ago. They cost you nothing, and that's exactly what they're worth on exam day.
Here's what's different. Every essay is checked against the BGS 002 Gender, Science, Technology and Society Solved Question Paper standard and the official IGNOU syllabus. Feminist scholars are correctly attributed, Indian cases are dated and current, and every essay sticks to the expected word count.
You also get a real human you can email. Stuck on standpoint theory versus strong objectivity the night before your exam? Write back. Free PDFs don't reply.
Student Reviews
Vandana, Bhopal. Working with a women's health NGO, finishing BAGS in the evenings. The climate change and gender essay was the cleanest combination of Sundarbans data and Vandana Shiva I've seen. Used parts of the framework in my next monthly report at work too.
Aisha, Lucknow. First-time learner, came to gender studies after a sociology BA. The history of science answer with Indian, Arab, and Chinese contributions finally gave me a non-Eurocentric framing. Donna Haraway also clicked for the first time.
Karthik, Coimbatore. Working in IT and pursuing BAGS as a second degree. The gendered digital divide essay with NFHS-5 data and the women-in-ICT representation breakdown was the most data-rich answer I've found. Very practical, not just theory.
How to Get the Solved Paper, Step by Step
Frequently Asked Questions
Is this the actual December 2025 paper or a guessed version?
Yes, this is the actual IGNOU paper from December 2025. Our team works only with verified Term-End Examination papers, never reconstructed or rumour-based versions floating in Telegram groups. The questions you'll see in Section 7 of this page match the original word for word, including the section instructions, the short-note sub-parts, and the marks distribution. Cross-check it against any classmate's question paper from the December 2025 cycle.
How useful is this for my 2026 Term-End Exam?
Very useful, because IGNOU rotates a steady pool of essay questions across cycles. Topics like the gendered construction of science, women in STEM, climate change and gender, the digital divide, and feminist science scholarship appear repeatedly with small wording changes. If your Term-End Exam falls in June 2026 or later, working through this December 2025 paper exposes you to the actual essay style, scholar expectations, and case demand.
Are all the long questions and internal choices fully solved?
Yes, all eight questions are fully solved, even though students only attempt five. That gives you full coverage so you can pick whichever five feel easier on the day. Each long answer follows the 600-word target, names the relevant feminist scholars (Haraway, Harding, Shiva), and includes Indian cases. All five sub-parts in Question 8's short notes section are also fully written out.
Can I use these answers in my IGNOU assignments?
Use it as a reference, not a copy-paste source. The answers here are exam-style essays, while BAGS and CGSCI assignments often expect slightly more developed argument with citations. Lift the structure, the named scholars, and the Indian cases, then expand each into your TMA in your own voice. That way you actually learn the topic, your assignment stays original, and you avoid plagiarism flags.
How quickly do I receive the solved paper after payment?
Instant. The moment your payment goes through, the PDF link arrives in your registered email and on the success page. Most students download it in under two minutes. If anything gets stuck because of a network issue or wrong email entry, our support team resends it manually within working hours. No overnight wait, no chasing follow-ups, no missing files when your exam is days away.
What if there's an issue or I need a refund?
If the file fails to download or the content doesn't match what's described on this page, write to us within 48 hours and we'll either fix the issue or refund the full amount. Doubt clearing on specific questions, including theory-heavy ones like feminist science or reproductive technology ethics, is included free, just email us with the question number. Replies come on working days, usually same day for paid resources.
About Unnati Education
Unnati Education is a study resources platform built for IGNOU students. We work on solved papers, assignment guidance, and topic notes across BAGS, CGSCI, BAG, BCOMG, BSCG, and other IGNOU programmes. Every paper is reviewed by a subject mentor before it goes live. We don't outsource to anonymous freelance writers. If a student writes in with a doubt, a real person replies, usually the same day. That's the standard, every paper, every cycle.
Explore More IGNOU BGS-002 Study Material
More resources you can pair with this paper:
Solved assignments for the latest BGS-002 TMA cycle Topic notes on Donna Haraway, Sandra Harding, Vandana Shiva, and ecofeminism Previous year solved papers for BGS-002 (June 2024, December 2024, June 2025) Case study sheet on PMUY, Vigyan Jyoti, ASHA workers, and the Sundarbans climate story
Bundle pricing applies if you pick three or more resources together.