BSOC-134 Solved Question Paper June 2026 gives complete answers to all 8 questions IGNOU printed in the Methods of Sociological Enquiry term-end paper, and 2 of those answers are shown in full on this page.
BSOC-134 key facts
- Course code: BSOC-134
- Course title: Methods of Sociological Enquiry
- Programmes: Bachelor of Arts (General) BAG, Sociology (Semester IV on eGyanKosh); Bachelor of Arts (Multidisciplinary) BAM
- Credits: 6 (official IGNOU BAG/BAM assignment booklet 2026-27)
- Blocks and units: 3 blocks, 11 units (eGyanKosh) [VERIFY: block titles]
- Maximum marks: 100
- Duration: 3 hours
- Questions in the June 2026 paper: 8, answer any 5, 20 marks each, about 400 words each
- Choice rule: any 5 of 8; no sections, no compulsory question, no short-note question this session
- Marks split: 8 × 20 = 160 printed; 5 × 20 = 100 attempted
- Printed word limit: about 400 words per 20-mark answer
- Assessment weightage: term-end exam 70%, three assignments 30%
- Sample answers on this page: 2 (Question 1 and Question 2)
- Answers in the paid file: All 8 questions, including 6 not shown on this page
What the BSOC-134 Solved Question Paper June 2026 covers
BSOC-134 Methods of Sociological Enquiry is a six-credit sociology course of IGNOU's Bachelor of Arts (General) and Bachelor of Arts (Multidisciplinary) programmes, and it teaches how sociologists actually study society.
The June 2026 paper was a methods paper in the truest sense. It opened with C. Wright Mills and the sociological imagination, moved to the line between theory and ideology, and then went through reflexivity, the historical method, the comparative method, the feminist critique of androcentric research, the traditions of qualitative research and, for the first time by name, the guidelines for framing a questionnaire.
That last question caught many students off guard. In the ten BSOC-134 papers we checked, from December 2021 onwards, data-collection tools had come up as observation, instruments and qualitative methods, but never as the questionnaire itself. Students who had only revised the usual Weber and objectivity answers had nothing ready for it.
Our subject team wrote every answer from the official IGNOU BSOC-134 Question Paper of June 2026, keeping the wording of each question intact and building each answer to the length the paper asks for. If you are revising for the next term-end exam, the answers also double as practice for topics that keep coming back.
BSOC-134 June 2026 sample answers: sociological imagination and theory versus ideology
Questions 1 and 2 of the June 2026 BSOC-134 paper are answered in full below, exactly as they appear in our solved file. Read them to judge the depth and style before you ask for the remaining six answers.
Question 1 (20 marks)
Q1 20 marks Block 1, Unit 1 2 of 9 earlier papers
What do you understand by sociological imagination in social research? 20
Introduction. The term sociological imagination was given by the American sociologist C. Wright Mills in his book The Sociological Imagination (1959). Mills described it as a quality of mind that lets a person grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society. In social research, it is the habit of seeing a private experience as one part of a wider social pattern.
Personal troubles and public issues. The centre of Mills's idea is a distinction. Troubles occur within an individual's character and immediate relations with others, so they are private matters. Issues go beyond the local setting and concern the institutions of society as a whole, so they are public matters. In Mills's own example, if one man in a city is unemployed, that is his personal trouble; when 15 million out of 50 million employees are jobless, it is a public issue.
Three questions of the imaginative analyst. Mills said that anyone with a sociological imagination keeps asking three sets of questions. What is the structure of this particular society as a whole? Where does this society stand in human history, and how is it changing? What kinds of men and women prevail in this society and in this period?
An everyday illustration. Anthony Giddens shows the idea through a cup of coffee. Coffee has symbolic value as a social ritual, it is a drug containing caffeine, it ties a drinker in a rich country to growers in poorer ones through global trade, and its spread came out of colonial history. A simple act turns into a sociological question.
Significance in social research. First, it shapes problem formulation, turning a complaint such as student dropout into a research question about poverty, gender norms and school distance rather than individual laziness. Second, it breaks with common sense, since the researcher has to think himself away from familiar routines. Third, it links the micro and the macro, the individual and social structure.
Fourth, it gives research historical depth, because Mills insisted that social science must be historical and comparative. Fifth, it guards against two errors Mills criticised: grand theory, which he saw in Talcott Parsons as abstraction without evidence, and abstracted empiricism, which piles up data without meaning. Sixth, through his appendix On Intellectual Craftsmanship, Mills asked researchers to keep a file that joins personal experience with professional work.
Conclusion. Sociological imagination is the starting point of good social research. By connecting biography with history and personal troubles with public issues, it helps the researcher ask meaningful questions, avoid common-sense explanations and keep both theory and data in balance.
Length check: this answer runs to about 430 words, past the printed 400 and above the 340 to 370 words a 31-minute hand-written answer allows. It is written for revision. In the hall, keep the definition, troubles versus issues with the unemployment example, the three questions and the first three points of significance; the coffee illustration and the intellectual-craftsmanship point are the first to drop.
Question 2 (20 marks)
Q2 20 marks Block 1, Unit 2 Theory: 5 of 9 earlier papers
Differentiate between theory and ideology. 20
Introduction. Theory and ideology are both organised sets of ideas about society, which is why students often mix them up. The difference lies in their purpose, in what they rest on and in how they respond to evidence. Theory tries to explain the social world; ideology tries to justify a social order or a programme of action.
Meaning of theory. A sociological theory is a set of systematically related concepts and propositions that explains and predicts a social phenomenon. Its elements are concepts, variables, statements of relationship and a format that links them. Theory must be open to testing; Karl Popper held that a scientific statement must be falsifiable.
Durkheim's Suicide (1897), which related suicide rates to social integration and regulation and checked this against statistics, is a classic example.
Meaning of ideology. The word was coined by Antoine Destutt de Tracy in the 1790s as a science of ideas. Marx and Engels, in The German Ideology, gave it its critical sense: the ideas of the ruling class are in every epoch the ruling ideas, so ideology serves class interests and hides contradictions. Karl Mannheim, in Ideology and Utopia (1929), argued that all thought is socially placed; ideologies defend the existing order while utopias seek to change it.
| Basis | Theory | Ideology |
|---|---|---|
| Aim | To explain and predict social facts | To justify an order and mobilise people |
| Foundation | Evidence and logical reasoning | Values, beliefs and group interests |
| Testing | Falsifiable, checked against data | Held even when facts go against it |
| Response to failure | Revised or rejected | Defended or reinterpreted |
| Rival views | Debated through research and replication | Treated as opponents to be defeated |
| Example | Durkheim's theory of suicide | Patriarchy justifying a gendered division of labour |
The grey zone between them. The line is not always sharp. Marx treated classical political economy as theory coloured by bourgeois interest, and Mannheim showed that every thinker writes from a social position. Max Weber's answer was to accept value relevance in choosing a problem while keeping value neutrality in analysis. A researcher's duty is therefore to state assumptions openly and to let evidence, not loyalty, decide.
Where ideology enters research. Ideology rarely appears openly in a study. It slips in through the choice of topic, the categories used to sort data and the groups whose views are recorded. A survey that counts only the male head of a household, for example, carries a patriarchal assumption into its findings. Mannheim's answer was a sociology of knowledge that studies how social position shapes ideas, so that researchers can see their own standpoint and correct for it rather than deny it.
Conclusion. Theory and ideology both organise ideas, but theory is answerable to evidence and stays open to correction, while ideology is answerable to interests and seeks commitment. Social research needs theory and must remain alert to the ideology that can hide inside it.
Length check: this answer runs to about 470 words including the table, well past the printed 400 and the 340 to 370 words a 31-minute answer allows. It is written for revision. In the hall, keep the two definitions, the difference table cut to four rows (aim, foundation, testing, response to failure) and the conclusion; the grey-zone and ideology-in-research paragraphs can shrink to one sentence each.
Questions answered only in the full file
Q3 Discuss Gouldner's ideas on reflexivity in social sciences. 20
Q4 Explain the use of historical method in social science research. 20
Q5 Examine the significance of comparative method in social science research. 20
Q6 Present a critique of the androcentric methodologies. 20
Q7 Discuss the traditions in qualitative research. 20
Q8 What are the guidelines for framing a questionnaire? Explain. 20
BSOC-134 Methods of Sociological Enquiry syllabus by block and unit
BSOC-134 is built from 3 blocks and 11 units, moving from the logic of social research to the methods sociologists use and then to the tools of data collection and analysis. The unit titles below follow the IGNOU self-learning material; the topic column lists what our team found most useful for answer writing in each unit.
| Block | Unit | Unit title | Topics to know for the exam |
|---|---|---|---|
| Block 1 | 1 | Research in Social Sciences | Social research versus common sense; nature and purpose of research; sociological imagination |
| 2 | Theory and Research | Elements of theory; inductive and deductive theorising; theory and research link | |
| 3 | Objectivity in Social Sciences | Positivist objectivity; Weber's value-free sociology; ideal types | |
| 4 | Reflexivity | Meaning of reflexivity; the researcher's own position; Bourdieu's field, capital and habitus | |
| Block 2 | 5 | Historical Method | Evolutionist uses of history; Graebner and the ethnological school; historical method in India |
| 6 | Comparative Method | Durkheim's comparative method; Radcliffe-Brown; Murdock's cross-cultural statistics | |
| 7 | Ethnomethodology | Garfinkel; indexicality and accounts; breaching experiments | |
| 8 | Feminist Perspectives for Research | Androcentric bias; feminist empiricism; Hartsock's standpoint theory | |
| Block 3 | 9 | Quantitative Method of Research | Hypothesis testing; reliability and validity; survey tools and measurement errors |
| 10 | Qualitative Method | Features and goals; methods of collecting qualitative data; verstehen | |
| 11 | ICT in Social Research | ICT at the pre-data stage; online data collection; software for data analysis |
The official course material is available on eGyanKosh, IGNOU's digital repository for BSOC-134. If you want our notes arranged in the same unit order, the BSOC-134 Study Material page carries them.
Units: 4 + 4 + 3 = 11. June 2026 questions: Block 1 = 3, Block 2 = 3, Block 3 = 2; total 8.
Unit coverage: 8 of 11 units fed one question each (Units 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10). Units 3 (objectivity), 7 (ethnomethodology) and 11 (ICT) gave nothing. The questions run almost exactly in unit order, the same layout seen on the BSOC-105 and BSOC-113 June 2026 papers.
Half-units: Unit 1 gave the sociological imagination but not the meaning and purpose of social research; Unit 2 gave theory and ideology but not inductive and deductive theorising; Unit 9 gave the questionnaire but not quantitative research and hypothesis testing.
BSOC-134 question paper pattern and marks in June 2026
The June 2026 BSOC-134 question paper carried 100 marks in 3 hours, with 8 questions printed and any 5 to be answered in about 400 words each. All questions carried equal marks, and there was no compulsory question.
| Element | June 2026 paper | What changed from earlier sessions |
|---|---|---|
| Questions printed | 8 essay questions | Same count as every session since December 2021 |
| Questions to answer | Any 5 | Unchanged |
| Marks per question | 20 | June 2025 and December 2025 split Question 8 into two short notes of 10 marks |
| Short-note question | None | Dropped this session, so all eight were full essays |
| Answer length | About 400 words | Same instruction printed on every paper we checked |
| Block spread | Block 1: Q1 to Q3; Block 2: Q4 to Q6; Block 3: Q7 and Q8 | Block 3 had only two questions, so Blocks 1 and 2 decide most of the score |
Because five answers come from eight, a student who prepares only Blocks 1 and 2 well can still choose five. That is a risky plan, though: December 2024 had three questions from Block 3 and June 2025 had two. The term-end exam carries 70 per cent of the final result and the three assignments carry 30 per cent. Past papers of this code sit with our BAG Question Paper set.
Printed 8 × 20 = 160 marks; attempted 5 × 20 = 100. Three questions are spare.
Block arithmetic: Blocks 1 and 2 together offered 6 questions, one to spare. Blocks 1 and 3, or Blocks 2 and 3, offered exactly 5, with no margin. No single block could answer the paper alone.
Is 400 words achievable? 180 minutes ÷ 5 answers = 36 minutes each. Keep about 5 minutes per answer for reading and planning, and 31 minutes at 11 to 12 handwritten words a minute gives roughly 340 to 370 words. The printed 400 (20 words a mark) is a fair upper target and matches BSOC-101 and BSOC-103.
Most repeated BSOC-134 topics from December 2021 to June 2026
Across 10 official BSOC-134 term-end papers, from December 2021 to June 2026, objectivity in social research and feminist methodology each appeared in 8 sessions, more than any other topic. We read every paper on IGNOU's own question paper portals and counted a topic once per session in which it was asked.
In the table below, the count covers only the nine papers before June 2026, and June 2026 sits in its own column. Counted this way, objectivity leads alone at 8 of 9, one ahead of feminist methodology, and it was the topic June 2026 left out.
| Topic | Unit | Earlier papers (of 9) | Asked in | In June 2026? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Objectivity in social research (Weber, Durkheim, Popper) | 3 | 8 | Dec 2021, Jun 2022, Dec 2022, Jun 2023, Dec 2023, Jun 2024, Jun 2025, Dec 2025 | No |
| Feminist methodology (standpoint, empiricism, androcentrism, gender of researcher) | 8 | 7 | Dec 2022, Jun 2023, Dec 2023, Jun 2024, Dec 2024, Jun 2025, Dec 2025 | Yes, Q6 |
| Qualitative research (meaning, features, goals, traditions) | 10 | 6 | Jun 2022, Dec 2022, Jun 2023, Jun 2024, Dec 2024, Jun 2025 | Yes, Q7 |
| Comparative method (Durkheim, Weber, Radcliffe-Brown, Murdock) | 6 | 6 | Dec 2022, Dec 2023, Jun 2024, Dec 2024, Jun 2025, Dec 2025 | Yes, Q5 |
| Social research: meaning, purpose and elements | 1 | 6 | Dec 2021, Jun 2022, Jun 2023, Dec 2023, Jun 2024, Jun 2025 | No |
| Theory: elements, link with research, ideology | 2 | 5 | Dec 2021, Jun 2022, Dec 2022, Jun 2024, Dec 2024 | Yes, Q2 |
| Ethnomethodology | 7 | 5 | Dec 2021, Jun 2023, Dec 2023, Dec 2024, Dec 2025 | No |
| Quantitative research and its features | 9 | 5 | Dec 2021, Jun 2022, Dec 2023, Dec 2024, Jun 2025 | No |
| Inductive and deductive methods | 2 and 5 | 5 | Dec 2021, Jun 2023, Dec 2023, Jun 2025, Dec 2025 | No |
| Reflexivity (Gouldner, Bourdieu) | 4 | 3 | Dec 2021, Jun 2024, Jun 2025 | Yes, Q3 |
| Historical method | 5 | 3 | Jun 2024, Jun 2025, Dec 2025 | Yes, Q4 |
| Tools of data collection (observation, instruments, questionnaire) | 9 and 10 | 3 | Jun 2022, Dec 2022, Jun 2023 | Yes, Q8 |
| ICT in social research | 11 | 3 | Dec 2024, Jun 2025, Dec 2025 | No |
| Sociological imagination | 1 | 2 | Jun 2022, Dec 2023 | Yes, Q1 |
Two patterns stand out. Seven of the eight June 2026 topics had appeared in earlier papers, so the paper rewarded students who had read past papers. At the same time, objectivity and social research, two of the most repeated topics, were both missing in June 2026, so no student should drop them while preparing for the next session.
The scholar attached to a topic also rotates. The comparative method has been asked through Durkheim, Weber, Radcliffe-Brown and Murdock, and June 2026 asked it with no scholar at all. Our full list of IGNOU Solved Guess Paper is organised by this kind of topic count rather than by guesswork.
Hit rate: 8 of the 14 tracked topics came back in June 2026 = 57%, all as full 20-mark essays.
June 2026 skipped the topics with more history, not less: the six misses average 5.3 earlier appearances (8, 6, 5, 5, 5, 3), while the eight it asked average 4.4 (7, 6, 6, 5, 3, 3, 3, 2). The sociological imagination, at only 2 of 9, opened the paper as Q1.
Two signals agree, six for six: every skipped topic sits in a dead or half-used unit. Objectivity (Unit 3), ethnomethodology (Unit 7) and ICT (Unit 11) are dead units; social research (Unit 1), inductive and deductive methods (Unit 2) and quantitative research (Unit 9) are the unasked halves of units that gave something else.
Session split (4 June and 5 December papers in the earlier window): no tracked topic scores zero on either side, so no topic is locked to one session. Ethnomethodology appeared in 4 of the 5 December papers and 1 of the 4 June papers. Both samples on this page draw on topics asked in both sessions.
December 2026 shortlist: what June 2026 left out
- Objectivity in social research (Unit 3). 8 of 9 earlier papers, the most-asked topic in BSOC-134, and Unit 3 gave nothing in June 2026. Prepare Weber's value-free sociology, positivist objectivity and Popper.
- Social research: meaning, purpose and elements (Unit 1). 6 of 9 earlier papers. June 2026 took the sociological imagination from Unit 1 and left this half untouched.
- Ethnomethodology (Unit 7). 5 of 9 earlier papers, including 4 of the 5 December papers, and Unit 7 was dead in June 2026. Know Garfinkel, indexicality and breaching experiments.
- Inductive and deductive methods (Unit 2). 5 of 9 earlier papers. June 2026 took theory and ideology from Unit 2 and left this half.
- Quantitative research and its features (Unit 9). 5 of 9 earlier papers. June 2026 asked only the questionnaire from Unit 9, not hypothesis testing, reliability or validity.
- ICT in social research (Unit 11). 3 of 9 earlier papers, all three in the last three sessions before June 2026 (December 2024, June 2025, December 2025), and Unit 11 was dead.
Coverage: these six come from Units 1, 2, 3, 7, 9 and 11. Add feminist methodology (7 of 9) and the comparative method (6 of 9), and a student has eight prepared areas for a five-answer paper.
How our BSOC-134 answers are written and checked
Every BSOC-134 answer in the file is written by our sociology subject team from the official June 2026 paper and checked by our reviewer before it is shared. No answer is copied from a guide or generated without review.
Before writing, the team read all ten BSOC-134 papers from December 2021 to June 2026, the same ones counted in the table above. You can open those papers yourself in our IGNOU Previous Year Question Paper section. Reading them first showed how IGNOU words each topic and which scholars examiners expect to see named.
Each answer then follows the same structure: a definition with the scholar and the book or year, the main argument in points, one concrete example, and a short conclusion. The length stays near the 400 words printed on the paper, because writing 900 words on one question costs you time on the other four.
The IGNOU BSOC-134 Solved Question Paper is written by Prateek Talwar's content team at Unnati Educations and reviewed by Sheetal Kirola, reviewer (M.Ed., 7 years of experience), who checks every scholar, date and book title against the IGNOU units before the file is released.
BSOC-134 June 2026 solved file index
BSOC-134 is a theory-only course with no practical file, so this index lists every question in the June 2026 solved file, its course unit and where its answer is available. Two answers are on this page and six are in the full file only.
| Q. no. | Question topic | Course unit | Answer available |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Sociological imagination in social research | Block 1, Unit 1 | On this page |
| 2 | Theory and ideology | Block 1, Unit 2 | On this page |
| 3 | Gouldner's ideas on reflexivity | Block 1, Unit 4 | Full file only |
| 4 | Historical method in social science research | Block 2, Unit 5 | Full file only |
| 5 | Significance of the comparative method | Block 2, Unit 6 | Full file only |
| 6 | Critique of androcentric methodologies | Block 2, Unit 8 | Full file only |
| 7 | Traditions in qualitative research | Block 3, Unit 10 | Full file only |
| 8 | Guidelines for framing a questionnaire | Block 3, Unit 9 | Full file only |
Unit mapping is our team's reading of where each question sits in the IGNOU material. Questions 4 to 6 come from Block 2, which is why that block alone can carry three of your five answers.
Programmes that include BSOC-134 Methods of Sociological Enquiry
BSOC-134 is studied in two IGNOU undergraduate programmes, Bachelor of Arts (General) and Bachelor of Arts (Multidisciplinary), and both sit the same term-end paper. The June 2026 question paper is printed under BAG Sociology, and IGNOU's 2026-27 assignment booklet for the same course is issued jointly for BAG and BAM.
| Programme | Code | Place of BSOC-134 | Official evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bachelor of Arts (General) | BAG | Sociology discipline, Semester IV on eGyanKosh | June 2026 term-end paper header |
| Bachelor of Arts (Multidisciplinary) | BAM | Sociology course [VERIFY: semester] | BAG/BAM assignment booklet for July 2026 and January 2027 |
If you are enrolled in the Bachelor of Arts (General) with sociology as a discipline, BSOC-134 is one of your core sociology papers. BAM learners write the same three assignments and the same paper, so the solved file serves both groups without any change.
How to get the full BSOC-134 Solved Question Paper on WhatsApp
Send a WhatsApp message to 9899436384 and you will receive the complete June 2026 solved file for BSOC-134, with answers to all 8 questions, as a PDF. That is the 2 answers shown above plus the 6 that are not on this page.
Write three things in your first message: the course code BSOC 134, the session June 2026, and whether you are a BAG or BAM learner. If you need other sociology codes for the same session, list them in the same message so they can be sent together.
Ask anything you are unsure about before paying, whether it is the answer length, the structure or how the file fits your next exam. The reply comes on the same chat.
BSOC-134 Methods of Sociological Enquiry FAQs
How do I get the full BSOC-134 Solved Question Paper June 2026 on WhatsApp?
Send a WhatsApp message to 9899436384 with the course code BSOC 134 and the session, June 2026. The full file carries answers to all 8 questions printed in the paper: the 2 shown on this page plus 6 more, covering reflexivity, the historical and comparative methods, androcentric methodologies, qualitative traditions and questionnaire framing. The PDF is shared on the same chat once payment is done.
How many questions were in the BSOC-134 June 2026 question paper?
The June 2026 BSOC-134 paper printed 8 questions and asked students to answer any five in about 400 words each. Every question carried 20 marks, for a total of 100 marks in three hours. Unlike June 2025 and December 2025, there was no short-note question this time, so all eight were full essay questions drawn from all three blocks.
Which BSOC-134 June 2026 questions are answered in full on this page?
Two questions are answered in full on this page: Question 1 on the sociological imagination in social research, and Question 2 on the difference between theory and ideology. Both answers are complete and close to the 400 words IGNOU asks for. The remaining six questions are listed as question text only, and their answers are in the full file.
Is the BSOC-134 Methods of Sociological Enquiry paper the same for BAG and BAM students?
Yes. The June 2026 BSOC-134 question paper is printed under Bachelor of Arts (General), and the official 2026-27 assignment booklet for the same course is issued jointly for BAG and Bachelor of Arts (Multidisciplinary). Both groups study the same six-credit course and sit the same term-end paper, so this solved file works for BAG and BAM learners alike.
Which BSOC-134 topics repeat most in IGNOU term-end papers?
Across the 10 official BSOC-134 papers from December 2021 to June 2026, objectivity in social research and feminist methodology each appeared in 8 sessions. Qualitative research and the comparative method appeared in 7, while social research and theory appeared in 6. Objectivity and social research were both missing in June 2026, which is worth noting for your next attempt.
How long should a BSOC-134 Methods of Sociological Enquiry answer be?
The BSOC-134 paper asks for about 400 words per answer, which is roughly three to four handwritten pages. With five answers in three hours, you get around 35 minutes per answer including a quick plan. A good answer opens with a definition, names the scholar and the book, gives one example and ends with a short conclusion.
Does BSOC-134 Methods of Sociological Enquiry have a practical or project?
No. BSOC-134 is a six-credit theory course with no practical, project or viva. Your internal marks come from three Tutor Marked Assignments, which carry 30 per cent of the final result, while the term-end paper carries 70 per cent. That is why this page carries a solved file index of the eight questions instead of a practical file index.
Can the BSOC-134 June 2026 solved paper help for the December 2026 exam?
It helps, but only as one part of your preparation. Seven of the eight June 2026 topics, including the comparative method, qualitative research and the feminist critique, had appeared in earlier BSOC-134 papers too, so the answers stay useful. IGNOU sets a fresh paper every session, so also revise objectivity and social research, which were missing in June 2026.
Who prepared these BSOC-134 answers
The BSOC-134 answers on this page and in the full file were written by the Unnati Educations sociology team from the official June 2026 paper, the 11 eGyanKosh units of the course and nine earlier BSOC-134 papers from December 2021 to December 2025.
Prateek Talwar, Academic Head at Unnati Educations, led the analysis on this page: restating the repeat table over the nine earlier papers so objectivity stands alone at 8 of 9, showing that June 2026 skipped topics with more history (5.3 earlier appearances on average) than the ones it asked (4.4), matching all six skipped topics to the three dead units and three half-used units, and building the December 2026 shortlist led by objectivity, social research and ethnomethodology.
Sheetal Kirola reviewed the page. She checked every row of the repeat table against the sessions listed, the 3 + 3 + 2 block split and 160 printed marks, and the facts in both samples: Mills's The Sociological Imagination (1959), his troubles-and-issues unemployment example, the three questions and the appendix on intellectual craftsmanship, Giddens's coffee example, Durkheim's Suicide (1897), Destutt de Tracy's coinage in the 1790s, The German Ideology, Mannheim's Ideology and Utopia (1929), Popper's falsifiability and Weber's value relevance and value neutrality.