Key facts for the IGNOU BPAC-134 June 2026 Term-End paper and our solved file
- Course code: BPAC-134
- Subject: Administrative System at State and District Levels
- Programme: Bachelor of Arts (General) BAG and Bachelor of Arts (Public Administration) BAFPA
- Credits: 6 (three Tutor Marked Assignments, 30 percent weightage)
- Blocks and units: 3 blocks, 14 units
- Maximum marks: 100
- Duration: 3 hours
- Questions in the June 2026 paper: 8 questions with 10 answerable parts (Q4 and Q8 are two 10-mark short notes each)
- Solved on this page: 2 (Q1 and Q2, 20 marks each)
- Solved in the paid file: All 10 parts, including the 8 not shown on this page
What the BPAC 134 Solved Question Paper June 2026 covers
BPAC 134 Solved Question Paper June 2026 is the official IGNOU Term-End paper for Administrative System at State and District Levels with a complete, exam-length answer written for every one of its 10 answerable parts.
BPAC 134 Administrative System at State and District Levels is a 6-credit Public Administration course studied in IGNOU's Bachelor of Arts (General) and Bachelor of Arts (Public Administration) programmes. It follows how a state is actually run, from the Governor and the Secretariat down to the District Collector, the panchayat and the municipality.
The June 2026 BPAC 134 Question Paper had 8 printed questions. Six were full 20-mark essays and two (Q4 and Q8) were split into a pair of 10-mark short notes, which is why our file carries 10 separate answers rather than 8.
This session leaned hard on the "who runs the state" side of the syllabus: the District Collector shows up twice (its British-era origins in Q1 and its present-day constraints in Q8(a)), and the Chief Secretary, the Governor and the Secretariat-Directorate split all appear in Section I.
Section II stayed with the accountability and local-government units: the Lokayukta, judicial control over administration, municipal administration and the structure of Panchayati Raj under the 73rd Amendment. If those four are not ready, the "two from each section" rule becomes very hard to meet.
Two BPAC 134 June 2026 questions solved in full
Q1 and Q2 from Section I of the June 2026 BPAC-134 paper are answered below in full, at the 400-word length the paper asks for. They are complete answers, not extracts, so you can judge the depth and structure of the whole file from them.
We picked these two because they are the questions most students skip: one is a history answer full of dates, the other is a "quote and elaborate" question where the evaluator wants more than a list of functions.
Section I Question 1 20 marks
Q1. Write a note on district administration and evolution of District Collector's office during British period. (20 marks)
Introduction
The district has been the basic territorial unit of Indian administration for centuries. Under the Mughals the sarkar had a faujdar for law and order and an amalguzar for revenue. The British kept the district as the working unit but slowly built a single officer at its head: the Collector.
Stages in the evolution of the Collector's office
- Diwani of 1765: after the grant of Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, the East India Company collected revenue through Indian officials. In 1769 European "supervisors" were posted to districts to check their work.
- Warren Hastings, 1772: the supervisors were renamed Collectors. The Collector collected land revenue and also presided over the district civil court (Diwani Adalat), so revenue and civil justice sat with one officer.
- Provincial Councils: within a few years Hastings withdrew the Collectors and placed revenue work under Provincial Councils, which proved slow and corrupt.
- Cornwallis, 1787: Collectors were restored and given revenue, civil judicial and magisterial powers together.
- Cornwallis Code, 1793: along with the Permanent Settlement, revenue was separated from justice. The Collector was confined to revenue, while a District Judge took over civil justice and magistracy.
- Bentinck's reforms, 1829 to 1831: Commissioners of Revenue and Circuit were created above the district, and magisterial powers were returned to the Collector. After 1857 the Collector-cum-District Magistrate became the standard pattern across British India.
- Madras pattern: under Thomas Munro and the ryotwari settlement, the Collector dealt directly with cultivators and held wide powers from the start.
District administration in the later British period
- The Collector became the representative of the Crown in the district: chief revenue officer, District Magistrate in charge of law and order, and supervisor of the police.
- Lord Ripon's 1882 resolution created district and local boards, often chaired by the Collector, which added local self-government to the office.
- The Royal Commission upon Decentralisation (1907 to 1909) treated the district officer as the pivot of administration, and the reforms of 1919 and 1935 left this position largely intact.
Conclusion
The Collector's office began as a revenue post and grew, through trial, reversal and reform, into the linchpin of district administration. Independent India kept the office and added development and welfare work to it, which is why the British-period story still explains the Collector's position today.
Section I Question 2 20 marks
Q2. "The chief secretary is the kingpin of the State Administration." Elaborate. (20 marks)
Introduction
The Chief Secretary is the senior-most civil servant of a state and the administrative head of the State Secretariat. The post dates back to 1799, when Lord Wellesley created the office of Chief Secretary and G.H. Barlow became its first holder. Today the Chief Secretary is chosen by the Chief Minister from senior IAS officers of the state cadre.
The position is broadly comparable to that of the Cabinet Secretary at the Union level, but with one difference: the Chief Secretary also heads the State Secretariat directly, so policy advice and day-to-day administration meet in the same office.
Why the Chief Secretary is called the kingpin
- Secretary to the Cabinet: prepares the agenda for meetings of the Council of Ministers, keeps the record of decisions and follows up their implementation.
- Chief adviser to the Chief Minister: advises on all major policy and administrative questions and is often the most trusted officer in the government.
- Head of the Secretariat: supervises the other Secretaries and, in most states, directly controls the General Administration Department.
- Head of the state civil services: deals with postings, transfers and discipline of senior officers and leads administrative reform.
- Chief coordinator: chairs inter-departmental and coordination committees, so that departments do not pull in different directions on development schemes.
- Link with the Centre: is the main channel of communication between the state government and the Government of India, including conferences of Chief Secretaries.
- Crisis manager: handles law and order and natural disasters, and chairs the State Executive Committee under the Disaster Management Act, 2005.
- During President's Rule: when Article 356 is imposed, the Chief Secretary becomes the principal adviser to the Governor in running the state.
Limits on this position
- There is no fixed tenure, and frequent changes weaken the office. The first Administrative Reforms Commission (1966 to 1970) favoured selection on merit and a reasonably stable tenure.
- The growing role of the Chief Minister's Office and its Principal Secretary can reduce the Chief Secretary's influence over policy.
- Heavy routine and committee work can leave little time for real coordination, and specialist departments sometimes resent a generalist officer having the final word.
Conclusion
Because cabinet, Secretariat, civil service, coordination and crisis work all meet in one officer, the Chief Secretary is rightly called the kingpin of state administration. How strong that kingpin is in practice depends on tenure, the officer's personality and the confidence of the Chief Minister.
Questions answered only in the full file
- 3. Examine the emerging patterns of relationship between the secretariat and directorate. (20)
- 4. Write short notes on the following in about 200 words each : (a) Role of the governor (10)
- 4. (b) Function of State Finance Commission (10)
- 5. Describe the power and functions of Lokayukta. (20)
- 6. Discuss the various forms of judicial control over administration. (20)
- 7. Make an appraisal of functioning of municipal administration. (20)
- 8. Write short notes on the following in about 200 words each : (a) Constraints in the functions of district collector (10)
- 8. (b) Structure of Panchayati Raj institution as per 73rd constitutional amendment. (10)
Those 8 parts include three of the paper's five most repeated topics, the Secretariat-Directorate relationship, the State Finance Commission and judicial control, so they are the answers most worth having in a finished, checked form.
Want all 10 answers? Send "BPAC 134 June 2026" on WhatsApp 9899436384 and we will share the complete solved file.
WhatsApp 9899436384 for the BPAC 134 fileBPAC 134 Administrative System at State and District Levels unit map
BPAC-134 has 14 units in 3 blocks, and every June 2026 question can be traced to a single unit. Block 1 sets the historical background, Block 2 carries the state and district machinery in 12 units, and Block 3 closes with Centre-State-local relations.
The topics column lists what each unit actually examines, so you can see where the June 2026 questions came from. Our BPAC 134 Study Material notes follow the same unit order if you want the full theory behind any row.
The unit titles above follow the official BPAC-134 course material published by IGNOU on eGyanKosh, so you can open the exact unit behind any June 2026 question.
| Block | Unit | Unit title | Topics examined |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | State and District Administration: Evolution | Mughal sarkar and faujdar, Hastings' 1772 Collector, Cornwallis Code of 1793 |
| 2 | 2 | Constitutional Profile of State Administration | Governor's discretion, Chief Minister's powers, State Legislature |
| 2 | 3 | State Secretariat: Organisation and Functions | Chief Secretary's position, Secretariat versus Executive Departments |
| 2 | 4 | Secretariat and Directorates relationship | Attached and subordinate offices, generalist-specialist friction, merger debate |
| 2 | 5 | State Services and Public Service Commission | Classification of State Civil Service, independent recruitment agency |
| 2 | 6 | State Planning Board | Composition of the Board, Chief Minister as chair, state plan formulation |
| 2 | 7 | State Finance Commission | Article 243-I and 243Y, devolution of taxes to local bodies, grants-in-aid |
| 2 | 8 | State Election Commission | Article 243K, panchayat and municipal polls, delimitation of wards |
| 2 | 9 | Lokayukta | Ombudsman idea, Maharashtra's 1972 Lokayukta, Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act 2013 |
| 2 | 10 | Judicial Administration | Rule of Law, judicial review, the five writs, suits against government |
| 2 | 11 | District Administration | Collector as District Magistrate, revenue and development roles, work constraints |
| 2 | 12 | Panchayati Raj | Balwantrai Mehta three tiers, Gram Sabha, Eleventh Schedule's 29 subjects |
| 2 | 13 | Municipal Administration | Corporations, councils and nagar panchayats, Twelfth Schedule, ward committees |
| 3 | 14 | Centre-State-Local Administrative Relations | Articles 256 and 258, All India Services, state control over local bodies |
How the BPAC 134 June 2026 paper is set and marked
The June 2026 IGNOU BPAC 134 Question Paper carried 100 marks for 3 hours: attempt any five questions in about 400 words each, with at least two from each section. All questions carry equal marks.
Five answers in 180 minutes leaves about 35 minutes per answer. The short-note questions (Q4 and Q8) need two 200-word notes of 10 marks each, which many students find easier to finish on time than one long essay.
The paper pattern has been steady since December 2023, but the word instruction changed earlier: the June 2022 and December 2022 papers asked for about 500 words. Checking older papers in our IGNOU Previous Year Question Paper section makes this difference easy to spot.
| Section | Questions printed | Marks pattern | Units drawn from |
|---|---|---|---|
| Section I | Q1 to Q4 | Three 20-mark essays plus Q4 as two 10-mark notes (Governor, State Finance Commission) | Units 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 |
| Section II | Q5 to Q8 | Three 20-mark essays plus Q8 as two 10-mark notes (Collector constraints, Panchayati Raj structure) | Units 9 to 13 |
| Attempt rule | Any 5 of 8 | 5 x 20 = 100 marks, minimum 2 questions per section | Block 3 (Unit 14) was not tested this session |
| Weightage | Term-End and TMA | Term-End 70 percent, three assignments 30 percent | Assignments cover the same 14 units |
Most repeated BPAC 134 Important Questions topics since December 2023
Across six official papers from December 2023 to June 2026, judicial control over administration, the Secretariat-Directorate relationship and the State Finance Commission each appeared five times. The Lokayukta and Centre-State administrative relations came next with four appearances each.
The table counts sessions in which a topic appeared, using only the BPAC-134 question papers published on ignou.ac.in and webservices.ignou.ac.in. Our wider IGNOU Important Questions range uses the same method for other codes.
| Topic | Unit | D23 | J24 | D24 | J25 | D25 | J26 | Times |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Judicial control over administration | 10 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | 5 |
| Secretariat and Directorate relationship | 4 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 5 |
| State Finance Commission | 7 | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | 5 |
| Lokayukta | 9 | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | 4 |
| Centre-State administrative relations | 14 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | 4 |
| State Election Commission | 8 | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | 3 |
| District Collector's functions and constraints | 11 | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | 3 |
| State planning and the State Planning Board | 6 | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | 3 |
| Municipal administration and the 74th Amendment | 13 | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | 3 |
| Panchayati Raj and the 73rd Amendment | 12 | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | 3 |
| Role of the Chief Minister | 2 | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | 2 |
| Chief Secretary | 3 | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | 2 |
| Role of the Governor | 2 | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | 2 |
| British-period district administration and the Collector's office | 1 | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | 2 |
| Role of the State Legislature | 2 | No | No | Yes | No | No | No | 1 |
| Secretariat versus Executive Departments | 3 | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | 1 |
| Independent recruitment agency | 5 | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | 1 |
| State-local administrative relations | 14 | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | 1 |
Two patterns stand out. The Chief Secretary appeared in June 2025 and again in June 2026, and it is also the first question in the July 2026 and January 2027 assignment. And Centre-State relations, a four-time topic, was missing in June 2026, which makes it a strong candidate for the next paper.
How our BPAC 134 answers are written and checked
Every BPAC-134 answer is written from the IGNOU course units, kept to the 400 or 200-word length printed on the paper, and checked by a second reader before release.
Each answer opens with a short definition or context line, moves through sub-headed numbered points, and ends with a two or three line conclusion. That is the shape an IGNOU evaluator can mark quickly, and it is the shape you can reproduce from memory in the hall.
The facts stay specific to this course: the 1772, 1793 and 1831 stages of the Collector's office, Articles 243K, 256 and 356, the Disaster Management Act 2005 and the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act 2013. Learners taking several Public Administration papers often pair this file with the BAG Question Paper set for the same session.
Answers are drafted by Prateek Talwar and reviewed by Sheetal Kirola, Academic Head at Unnati Educations, who checks every unit reference and every date against the study material.
BPAC 134 solved file index for all 10 parts
The paid file solves all 10 parts of the June 2026 paper; 2 are on this page and 8 are in the full file only. BPAC-134 is a theory course with no practical or record work, so this index replaces a practical file index.
| Q | Topic | Section | Unit | Marks | Where |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | District administration and the Collector's office in the British period | I | 1 | 20 | On this page |
| 2 | Chief Secretary as kingpin of state administration | I | 3 | 20 | On this page |
| 3 | Emerging patterns of Secretariat-Directorate relationship | I | 4 | 20 | Full file only |
| 4(a) | Role of the Governor | I | 2 | 10 | Full file only |
| 4(b) | Functions of the State Finance Commission | I | 7 | 10 | Full file only |
| 5 | Powers and functions of the Lokayukta | II | 9 | 20 | Full file only |
| 6 | Forms of judicial control over administration | II | 10 | 20 | Full file only |
| 7 | Appraisal of municipal administration | II | 13 | 20 | Full file only |
| 8(a) | Constraints in the District Collector's functions | II | 11 | 10 | Full file only |
| 8(b) | Panchayati Raj structure under the 73rd Amendment | II | 12 | 10 | Full file only |
Programmes that study BPAC 134 Administrative System
BPAC-134 is taken by learners in IGNOU's Bachelor of Arts (General), programme code BAG, and Bachelor of Arts (Public Administration), programme code BAFPA. The Term-End paper is the same for both.
In the IGNOU Bachelor of Arts (General) it is a core course for learners who choose Public Administration as a discipline, and it pairs naturally with BPAC-133 Administrative System at Union Level. Reading the two together helps, because questions on the Chief Secretary mirror the Cabinet Secretary topics of BPAC-133.
Get the full BPAC 134 Solved Question Paper on WhatsApp
Message "BPAC 134 June 2026" to WhatsApp 9899436384 to get the complete file with all 10 answers, including the 8 not shown here.
Tell us your programme (BAG or BAFPA) and the session you are appearing in. If you are writing the December 2026 exam, this IGNOU BPAC 134 Solved Question Paper is the most recent model of how the paper is set, and the repeat table above shows which topics to expect.
Unnati Educations is an independent academic support provider based in Vikaspuri, Delhi, and is not affiliated with IGNOU. Official papers and study material remain available on ignou.ac.in and eGyanKosh.
BPAC 134 Administrative System at State and District Levels FAQs
How many questions were in the BPAC 134 June 2026 paper?
The BPAC-134 June 2026 paper printed 8 questions, four in each section. Q4 and Q8 were each split into two 10-mark short notes, so there are 10 answerable parts in total. You had to attempt any five questions in about 400 words each, choosing at least two from each section, for a maximum of 100 marks in 3 hours.
How do I get the full BPAC 134 solved file on WhatsApp?
Send "BPAC 134 June 2026" to WhatsApp 9899436384 and mention your programme, BAG or BAFPA. We will share the complete solved file, which answers all 10 parts of the paper. That is the 2 answers shown on this page plus the 8 that appear only in the full file, each written to the length the paper asks for.
Which BPAC 134 topics repeat most often?
Judicial control over administration, the Secretariat-Directorate relationship and the State Finance Commission each appeared in five of the six official papers from December 2023 to June 2026. The Lokayukta and Centre-State administrative relations appeared four times each. Preparing these five topics well gives you a strong base for both sections of the paper and covers the most likely repeats.
Who wrote the BPAC 134 June 2026 answers?
The answers were written by Prateek Talwar for Unnati Educations and reviewed by Sheetal Kirola, our Academic Head. Each answer follows the BPAC-134 course units, uses the dates and constitutional Articles the course itself teaches, and keeps to the 400-word or 200-word length printed on the paper, so you can reproduce it in the exam hall.
Is BPAC 134 Administrative System a theory-only course?
Yes. BPAC-134 is a 6-credit theory course with no practical file, lab record or viva. Assessment is three Tutor Marked Assignments carrying 30 percent weightage and the written Term-End examination carrying 70 percent. That is why our file includes a solved file index mapping each June 2026 question to its course unit instead of a practical file index.
How long should a BPAC 134 answer be?
The June 2026 paper asks for about 400 words for each 20-mark question and about 200 words for each 10-mark short note. That works out to roughly four handwritten sides for a full answer. Older papers from 2022 asked for 500 words, so always follow the instruction printed on your own paper rather than a word count taken from an older session.
Will the BPAC 134 June 2026 answers help in the December 2026 exam?
Yes, in most cases. Several June 2026 topics, such as judicial control, the State Finance Commission and the Lokayukta, have been asked again and again since December 2023. The June 2026 answers therefore cover many likely questions. Centre-State relations was not asked in June 2026, so read that unit separately before the December 2026 exam as well.
Which programmes include BPAC 134 Administrative System at State and District Levels?
BPAC-134 is studied in IGNOU's Bachelor of Arts (General), code BAG, by learners who take Public Administration as a discipline, and in the Bachelor of Arts (Public Administration), code BAFPA. The Term-End paper is common to both programmes, so the same June 2026 solved file works for you whichever of the two programme codes is on your identity card.