What is the BGS-012 December 2025 Question Paper?
The BGS 012 December 2025 question paper is the official IGNOU Term-End Examination paper for Gender-Based Violence held in December 2025. It carries 100 marks across eight essay questions, students attempt any five, and each long answer runs around 600 words.
For BAGS and CGSL students whose own Term-End Exam is still some weeks or months away, this paper is unusually useful. The same paper repeats themes across cycles with small wording shifts. Cybercrime against women, communal violence, LGBTIQ+ rights, women in prison, and political-conflict zones have all appeared multiple times. The IGNOU Term-End Examination December 2025 official schedule confirms this paper sat on the calendar.
About IGNOU BGS-012 Gender-Based Violence
About This Solved Paper
| Prepared by | Unnati Education academic team, IGNOU-experienced content writers |
|---|---|
| Qualification | Postgraduate in Gender Studies and Law with specialization in Criminal Law and Feminist Sociology of Violence |
| Programme | IGNOU Certificate in Gender in Law (CGSL) and Bachelor of Arts (Gender Studies) (BAGS) |
| Institution Reference | IGNOU Term-End Examination, December 2025 |
| Last updated | April 2026 |
About the Course
BGS-012 sits in IGNOU's BAGS programme as a core paper and in CGSL as a key one. The syllabus is organised around the structures, sites, and statutes of gender-based violence in India: domestic and intimate partner violence, custodial and prison violence, communal and state-led violence, cyber violence, violence against LGBTIQ+ persons, and the cultural-religious-caste dimensions that shape all of these. The paper expects you to weave NCRB and NCW data with feminist scholarship, and to argue, not just describe.
BGS 012 Question Paper December 2025: Exam Pattern and Marks Breakdown
Glance at this before opening the booklet. It saves you ten minutes of structuring time inside the hall.
| Aspect | Detail |
|---|---|
| Duration | 3 hours |
| Total marks | 100 |
| Total questions printed | 8 (Q1 to Q8) |
| Questions to attempt | Any 5 out of 8 |
| Marks per question | 20 marks each (equal weight) Q8 structure | Short notes, write any 4 of 6 sub-parts (5 marks each) Word limit | Long answers around 600 words, short notes around 200 to 250 words |
| Calculator policy | Not applicable, theoretical paper |
| Missing data assumption | Not applicable, no quantitative problems involved |
All Questions in the BGS 012 Question Paper December 2025 (Complete List)
This paper covers cybercrime against women, legal approaches to communal violence, debates on violence against LGBTIQ+ people, CrPC provisions for women prisoners, state-led violence and gender, political conflict and insurgency in India, the nature of same-sex relationships in India, plus short notes on caste, religion, culture, patriarchal violence, gender, and social violence. Below is the verbatim text.
Note : (i) Attempt any five questions. (ii) All questions carry equal marks.
Analyse how cybercrime impacts women with suitable examples. 20
How do you understand legal approaches in the context of communal violence ? Explain. 20
Critically evaluate debates related to violence against LGBTIQ+ people. 20
Discuss the statutory provisions of Criminal Procedure Code that helps women prisoners in India. 20
Write an essay on state-led violence in the context of gender. 20
Discuss the conceptual and empirical accounts related to political conflict and insurgency in India. 20
Discuss the different nature and forms of same-sex relationship in India. 20
Write short notes on any four of the following : 4×5=20
(a) Caste
(b) Religion
(c) Culture
(d) Patriarchal Violence
(e) Gender
(f) Social Violence
Syllabus Topics Covered
Run down this list before practising. Mapping your weak topics here saves time inside the exam hall.
Conceptual frame: gender, patriarchy, structural violence (Galtung 1969), Heise's ecological model Cybercrime and women: NCRB data on cyberstalking, Section 354D IPC, IT Act Section 66E and 67, deepfake debates Communal violence: Gujarat 2002, Muzaffarnagar 2013, Delhi 2020, Sachar Committee findings, the Communal Violence Bill drafts LGBTIQ+ violence: Naz Foundation litigation, Navtej Johar 2018, NALSA 2014, Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act 2019, queer activism in India Women in prison: CrPC Sections 46, 53, 54, 160, 437, the Mulla Committee, Justice Krishna Iyer reports, Model Prison Manual 2016 State-led violence: AFSPA, Manipur, Kashmir, custodial deaths, the Manorama case 2004, fake encounter inquiries Political conflict and insurgency: Northeast insurgencies, Naxal corridor, Kashmir, women combatants, women survivors as testimony Same-sex relationships in India: maitri karar in Gujarat, hijra and aravani communities, Special Marriage Act and the Supriyo verdict 2023 Caste, religion, culture and violence: honour killings, anti-conversion laws, the Khairlanji case, Kandhamal violence Statutes and frameworks: BNS 2023 (replacing IPC), POCSO 2012, Mental Healthcare Act 2017 in custody contexts Indian feminist scholars: Pratiksha Baxi on rape trials, Flavia Agnes on personal law, V. Geetha on patriarchy, Uma Chakravarti on Brahmanical patriarchy
Sample Answer Preview: BGS-012 Gender-Based Violence Explanation
Pick Question 1 for the sample, "Analyse how cybercrime impacts women with suitable examples". It's a 20-marker, around 600 words. Most students answer with general "internet is unsafe" framing and lose half the marks. Here's how examiners actually distribute the score.
Open with a clean conceptual line (about 2 marks). One sentence: cybercrime against women is not a separate category of violence but a digital extension of patriarchal control, where existing offline harms are amplified, anonymised, and made geographically borderless. State this up front, then prove it.
Map four cybercrime categories with statute and data (about 8 marks, 2 each). Cyberstalking and harassment, covered under Section 354D IPC and Section 67 IT Act, with NCRB 2022 reporting roughly 15,000 cybercrimes against women in that year alone. Image-based abuse, including non-consensual intimate imagery and deepfakes, which the IT Rules 2021 partially address. Sextortion and morphing, with the Bois Locker Room case 2020 as an inflection point in public conversation. Online communal and casteist abuse, particularly directed at Muslim and Dalit women, documented in the Sulli Deals and Bulli Bai apps cases of 2021 to 2022. Two clean lines per category, naming statute, year, and one example.
Add the structural lens (about 4 marks). Connect online violence to offline gendered hierarchies. Cite NFHS-5 ICT-access data (only around 33 percent of Indian women have ever used the internet) to argue that the digital gender divide compounds the problem: fewer women report, fewer have legal awareness, and platform interfaces often default to English. Reference Sucharita Sengupta or Anja Kovacs on internet rights.
Pull in feminist scholarship (about 3 marks). Pratiksha Baxi on the courtroom-as-violence framework extends to platform moderation. V. Geetha's framing of patriarchy as a continuum applies cleanly to the offline-to-online gradient. Naming a scholar plus their key idea earns the mark.
Close with policy and reform (about 3 marks). Mention the BNS 2023 provisions retaining cyberstalking as an offence, the IT (Intermediary) Rules 2021 grievance officer mandate, the role of the Cyber Crime Reporting Portal, and the National Commission for Women's cybercell. End with one critical line: enforcement remains thin, conviction rates are below ten percent on cybercrime cases involving women, and platform accountability is largely voluntary. With this structure plus three statute references and two named scholars, you'll cross 16 out of 20.
How to Write High-Scoring Answers
Three habits separate a 60% script from an 85% one in BGS-012.
Date your statutes and cases precisely. BNS 2023, Navtej Johar 2018, NALSA 2014, IT Act Section 66E. Getting one wrong (writing "NALSA 2018" instead of 2014) is a credibility hit you can't recover. Examiners scan for these.
Pair every theoretical claim with one Indian case. Galtung's structural violence with the Manorama 2004 case. Patriarchal violence with the Khairlanji judgement. Communal violence frameworks with Gujarat 2002 or Muzaffarnagar 2013. Theory plus case is what scores.
Attack the question word. "Critically evaluate" demands strengths plus weaknesses plus your own position. "Analyse" wants causes, mechanisms, and effects. "Discuss" wants multiple perspectives. The Question 7 prompt about same-sex relationships, for instance, expects you to cover legal recognition, social practice, and historical traditions like maitri karar, not just summarise the Supriyo verdict.
Who Should Use This Solved Question Paper
This paper fits you if any of these match your situation.
- You're a BAGS or CGSL student with the next BGS-012 Term-End Exam in June 2026 or December 2026, and you want a real reference paper to drill on.
- You're attempting BGS-012 as a backlog and last attempt the state-led violence question or the LGBTIQ+ debates answer caught you without case material.
- You're a working professional, perhaps in legal aid, NGO work, journalism, or civil services prep, juggling distance education, who needs a focused resource you can revise on the metro instead of carrying the full IGNOU block set.
- You're tired of free PDFs that name no Indian cases, mis-date Navtej Johar, or skip the cyber statute references entirely. You want one verified version with a named subject expert behind it.
Why This is Better Than Free PDFs and Telegram Files
Free PDFs are easy to find. Telegram channels, WhatsApp groups, recycled Drive links shared by seniors. The problem isn't the price, it's the content. Most have outdated case lists (no Supriyo, no Bulli Bai), missing scholar names, and conceptual framing that confuses structural with direct violence.
Here's what's different. Every essay is checked against the BGS 012 Gender Based Violence Solved Question Paper standard and the official IGNOU syllabus. Cases are dated, statutes are correctly cited (BNS 2023 and the IPC sections it replaced), and feminist scholars are placed in their actual debates.
You also get a real human you can email. Stuck on the difference between AFSPA-related state violence and routine custodial violence the night before? Write back. Free PDFs don't reply.
Student Reviews
Anaya, Guwahati, sat BGS-012 in the December 2024 cycle and used this set the second time around. The state-led violence essay with AFSPA, Manorama 2004, and Manipur framing was the cleanest treatment I'd seen. Cleared the paper at 61.
Devanshi, Surat, BAGS final-year student attempting the June 2025 cycle. The cybercrime essay with Sulli Deals, Bulli Bai, and the IT Act sections finally gave me the framework I'd been missing. Scored 17 out of 20 on a similar question in my next paper.
Rashid, Kozhikode, working at a legal-aid clinic and finishing CGSL in evenings. The LGBTIQ+ short note cited Naz Foundation, Navtej Johar 2018, and NALSA 2014 with the right years. Exactly the compact, dated answer the examiner wants.
How to Get the Solved Paper, Step by Step
Frequently Asked Questions
Is this the actual December 2025 paper or a guessed version?
Yes, this is the actual IGNOU paper from December 2025. Our team works only with verified Term-End Examination papers, never reconstructed or rumour-based versions floating in Telegram groups. The questions in Section 7 of this page match the original word for word, including section instructions, the short-note sub-parts, and marks distribution. Cross-check against any classmate's question paper from the same December 2025 cycle.
How useful is this for my 2026 Term-End Exam?
Very useful, because IGNOU rotates a steady pool of essay questions across cycles. Topics like cybercrime against women, communal violence, LGBTIQ+ debates, women prisoners, and state-led violence appear repeatedly with small wording changes. If your Term-End Exam falls in June 2026 or later, working through this paper exposes you to the actual essay style, scholar expectations, and case-citation demand for serious marks.
Are all the long questions and internal choices fully solved?
Yes, all eight questions are fully solved, even though students only have to attempt five. That gives you full coverage so you can pick whichever five feel easier on the day. Each long answer follows the 600-word target, names the relevant scholars (Baxi, Agnes, Geetha, Chakravarti), and includes Indian case law with correct years. All six sub-parts in Question 8's short notes section are also fully drafted.
Can I use these answers in my IGNOU assignments?
Use it as a reference, not a copy-paste source. The answers here are exam-style essays, while BAGS and CGSL TMA assignments expect slightly more developed argument with full citations. Lift the structure, the named scholars, the case years, and the data points, then expand each into your TMA in your own voice. That way you actually learn the topic, your assignment stays original, and you avoid plagiarism flags during evaluation.
How quickly do I receive the solved paper after payment?
Instant. The moment your payment goes through, the PDF link arrives in your registered email and on the success page. Most students download it in under two minutes. If anything gets stuck because of a network issue or wrong email entry, our support team resends it manually within working hours. No overnight wait, no chasing follow-ups, no missing files when your exam is days away.
What if there's an issue or I need a refund?
If the file fails to download or the content doesn't match what's described on this page, write to us within 48 hours and we'll either fix the issue or refund the full amount. Doubt clearing on specific questions, including theory-heavy ones like state-led violence or political conflict, is included free, just email us with the question number. Replies come on working days, usually same day for paid resources.
About Unnati Education
Unnati Education is a study resources platform built for IGNOU students. We work on solved papers, assignment guidance, and topic notes across BAGS, CGSL, CGSCI, BAG, BCOMG, BSCG, and other IGNOU programmes. Every paper is reviewed by a subject mentor before it goes live. We don't outsource to anonymous freelance writers. If a student writes in with a doubt, a real person replies, usually the same day. That's the standard, every paper, every cycle.
Explore More IGNOU BGS-012 Study Material
More resources you can pair with this paper:
Solved assignments for the latest BGS-012 TMA cycle Topic notes on Pratiksha Baxi, Uma Chakravarti, structural violence, and AFSPA Previous year solved papers for BGS-012 (June 2024, December 2024, June 2025) Statute and case sheet covering BNS 2023, IT Act sections, Navtej Johar 2018, NALSA 2014, and the Supriyo verdict 2023
Bundle pricing applies if you pick three or more resources together.