ECO 07 Solved Question Paper for the June 2026 term-end exam, with every question of the official IGNOU paper answered by our subject team. Two full answers sit on this page so you can judge the quality; the complete PDF with all 8 questions is shared on WhatsApp 9899436384.
ECO 07 product highlights
- ECO 07 Solved Question Paper for the June 2026 TEE: all 8 questions answered, from GM vs HM to the median and SD sums.
- 2 complete answers are shown on this page (Q3 and Q6); the other 6 questions are answered only in the full PDF file.
- Each numerical shows the working table, the formula and the final value, so the method carries over to any frequency data.
- Q5 reuses the exact median table IGNOU set in June 2023, and Q2 repeats December 2021 word for word; the file flags both.
- Answers match the paper's 10-mark and 5+5 splits, sized for the attempt-any-five format: 2 hours, 50 marks, 70% weightage.
- Every answer is tagged to one of the 16 eGyanKosh units across 4 blocks, so you know exactly which unit to revise next.
- Repeat-topic counts come from 8 official IGNOU papers, December 2021 to December 2025, with SD and skewness on top.
- Written by Prateek Talwar and checked by Sheetal Kirola; message 9899436384 on WhatsApp for the complete solved file.
ECO 07 Elements of Statistics June 2026: key facts
- Course code: ECO 07 (printed as ECO-007 on the June 2026 paper)
- Subject: Elements of Statistics
- Programme: Bachelor's Degree Programme (BDP), Elective Course: Commerce (B.Com); BBA Semester II core course; BDP B.A. commerce elective
- Credits: 4 (core course, as listed in IGNOU's BBA Programme Guide, September 2023)
- Blocks and units: 4 blocks, 16 units (eGyanKosh)
- Maximum marks: 50 (70% weightage; assignment carries 30%)
- Duration: 2 hours
- Questions in the paper: 8 (attempt any 5, 10 marks each; 12 printed parts)
- Samples shown on this page: 2 (Q3 and Q6)
- Questions in the paid file: All 8 (6 not shown on this page)
What the ECO 07 Solved Question Paper June 2026 covers
ECO 07 Elements of Statistics is a 4-block, 16-unit elective course in commerce in IGNOU's Bachelor's Degree Programme (BDP), covering data collection, presentation, averages, dispersion and skewness.
The June 2026 paper, printed under the code ECO-007, gives you 8 questions and asks for any five in 2 hours. Six questions test theory from Blocks 1 to 3, and two are calculations: a median from a six-class marks table and a standard deviation from a seven-class table of 68 students.
Our file answers every one of those 8 questions in exam length. Theory answers use headings and short points an examiner can tick quickly, while the two numericals show the full working table, the formula in symbols and the final figure rounded to two decimals.
Two details make this paper easy to prepare if you know them. Question 2 repeats the December 2021 paper's Question 3 word for word, and Question 5 uses exactly the same frequency table IGNOU printed in June 2023. The full file points out both repeats beside the answers.
ECO 07 Elements of Statistics sample answers: Q3 and Q6 from June 2026
Below are 2 of the 8 answers in full: Question 3 (theory, 10 marks) and Question 6 (numerical, 10 marks); the other 6 questions are answered only in the paid file.
We picked one theory and one numerical question so you can see both styles. The question text is copied exactly as printed in the official June 2026 paper, including its numbering and marks.
Question 3. Differentiate between Geometric Mean and Harmonic Mean with example. (10 marks)
Geometric Mean (GM) is the nth root of the product of n positive values. Harmonic Mean (HM) is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of the values. Both are mathematical averages taught in Unit 13 of ECO 07, but they suit very different kinds of data.
Formulas. For individual values, GM = (x1 × x2 × ... × xn)1/n, which is worked through logarithms as GM = Antilog (Σ log x / n). For a frequency distribution, GM = Antilog (Σ f log x / N). For individual values, HM = n / Σ (1/x), and for a frequency distribution, HM = N / Σ (f/x).
| Basis | Geometric Mean | Harmonic Mean |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning | nth root of the product of the values | Reciprocal of the mean of reciprocals |
| Zero or negative values | One zero makes GM zero; negative values make it meaningless | Cannot be found if any value is zero, since 1/0 is undefined |
| Effect of extreme values | Gives less weight to large items than the arithmetic mean | Gives the most weight to the smallest items |
| Best suited for | Average rates of change, ratios, percentages, index numbers | Average of rates where the numerator is fixed, such as speed over equal distances |
| Typical business use | Average growth of sales, population or prices | Average price when an equal amount of money is spent each time |
| Ease of calculation | Needs log tables or a calculator | Needs reciprocals of every value |
Relationship. For positive values that are not all equal, AM > GM > HM. All three are equal only when every value is identical. For two values, GM = √(AM × HM).
Example 1 (both means on the same data). Take the values 2 and 8. AM = (2 + 8) / 2 = 5. GM = √(2 × 8) = √16 = 4. HM = 2 / (1/2 + 1/8) = 2 / (5/8) = 3.2. Check: √(5 × 3.2) = √16 = 4, and 5 > 4 > 3.2, so the relationship holds.
Example 2 (why GM suits growth rates). A firm's sales grow by 10% in year one and 20% in year two. The growth ratios are 1.10 and 1.20, so GM = √(1.10 × 1.20) = √1.32 = 1.1489, an average growth of 14.89% a year. Check: 100 grows to 110 and then 132, and 100 × 1.14892 = 132. The simple average of 15% would give 132.25, which overstates the result.
Example 3 (why HM suits speeds). A car covers 60 km at 40 km/h and returns 60 km at 60 km/h. HM = 2 / (1/40 + 1/60) = 2 / (5/120) = 48 km/h. Check: the trip takes 1.5 hours plus 1 hour, so 120 km in 2.5 hours is 48 km/h. The arithmetic mean of 50 km/h would be wrong because more time is spent at the slower speed.
Conclusion. Use GM when values grow or fall as ratios, and use HM when you average rates measured over a fixed quantity. Picking the wrong one gives an answer that looks reasonable but does not match the real total, as both examples show.
Question 6. Calculate standard deviation from the following data : (10 marks)
| Marks | No. of Students |
|---|---|
| 10-20 | 5 |
| 20-30 | 12 |
| 30-40 | 15 |
| 40-50 | 20 |
| 50-60 | 10 |
| 60-70 | 4 |
| 70-80 | 2 |
Method. We use the step deviation method with assumed mean A = 45 (the mid-point of the highest frequency class) and class width i = 10, so d′ = (m − 45) / 10, where m is the mid-point of each class.
| Marks | Mid-point (m) | f | dâ² = (m â 45)/10 | fdâ² | fdâ²Â² |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10-20 | 15 | 5 | -3 | -15 | 45 |
| 20-30 | 25 | 12 | -2 | -24 | 48 |
| 30-40 | 35 | 15 | -1 | -15 | 15 |
| 40-50 | 45 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 50-60 | 55 | 10 | 1 | 10 | 10 |
| 60-70 | 65 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 16 |
| 70-80 | 75 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 18 |
| Total | N = 68 | Σfdâ² = â30 | Σfdâ²Â² = 152 |
Formula. σ = i × √[ Σfd′2/N − (Σfd′/N)2 ]
Substitution. σ = 10 × √[ 152/68 − (−30/68)2 ] = 10 × √( 2.2353 − 0.1946 ) = 10 × √2.0407 = 10 × 1.4285 = 14.29 marks.
Supporting values. Mean = A + (Σfd′/N) × i = 45 + (−30/68) × 10 = 40.59 marks, and variance = σ2 = 204.07. These are not asked, but writing the mean shows the examiner your deviations are consistent.
Answer. The standard deviation of the marks is 14.29. On average, a student's score lies about 14.29 marks away from the class mean of 40.59, which tells you the marks are fairly spread out across the 10 to 80 range.
Questions answered only in the full file
These 6 questions appear in the June 2026 paper exactly as printed below. Their answers are in the paid PDF only.
Question 1.
(a) What are different measure of central tendency ? 5
(b) How do you make a choice of suitable measure of central tendency ? 5
Question 2.
(a) Explain the observation method and personal interview methods of collection of data and also narrate their merits. 5
(b) Briefly explain a variable and an attribute with an appropriate example of each. 5
Question 4. Describe the merits and limitations of collecting the data through questionnaires. 10
Question 5. Calculate the median from the following data : 10
| Marks | No. of Students |
|---|---|
| 0-10 | 4 |
| 10-20 | 6 |
| 20-30 | 20 |
| 30-40 | 10 |
| 40-50 | 7 |
| 50-60 | 3 |
Question 7. Write short notes on the following : 5,5
(a) Degree of Accuracy
(a) Non-probability sampling
Question 8. Distinguish between the following : 5,5
(a) Ratios and percentages
(b) Primary data and Secondary data
ECO 07 block and unit wise syllabus: 4 blocks, 16 units
ECO 07 has 4 blocks and 16 units on eGyanKosh: basic concepts, data collection and presentation, central tendency, and dispersion with skewness.
The unit titles below are the official eGyanKosh titles. The topic notes are our own summary of what each unit teaches and what IGNOU has drawn from it in past papers. Revise the ECO 07 Study Material unit by unit before you attempt the solved paper.
| Block | Unit | Key topics |
|---|---|---|
| Block 1: Basic Statistical Concepts | Unit 1 Meaning and Scope of Statistics | Singular and plural definitions; functions; limitations and distrust of statistics |
| Unit 2 Organising a Statistical Survey | Planning a survey; census vs sample enquiry; choosing the statistical unit | |
| Unit 3 Accuracy, Approximation and Errors | Degree of accuracy; rounding and approximation; statistical error vs mistake | |
| Unit 4 Ratios, Percentages and Rates | Ratios as statistical derivatives; percentages for comparison; rates per thousand | |
| Block 2: Collection, Classification and Presentation of Data | Unit 5 Collection of Data | Primary vs secondary data; questionnaire and schedule; observation and personal interview |
| Unit 6 Classification of Data | Variables and attributes; frequency distributions; exclusive and inclusive class intervals | |
| Unit 7 Tabular Presentation | Parts of a statistical table; requisites of a good table; simple and complex tables | |
| Unit 8 Diagrammatic Presentation | Simple, multiple and subdivided bars; pie diagram; two-dimensional diagrams | |
| Unit 9 Graphic Presentation | Histogram; frequency polygon and curve; less-than and more-than ogives | |
| Block 3: Measures of Central Tendency | Unit 10 Concept of Central Tendency and Mean | Requisites of a good average; arithmetic mean and its properties; combined mean |
| Unit 11 Median | Median of grouped data using the cumulative frequency; quartiles | |
| Unit 12 Mode | Modal class; interpolation formula; grouping method for doubtful modes | |
| Unit 13 Geometric, Harmonic and Moving Averages | GM for growth rates; HM for averaging speeds and rates; moving averages for trend | |
| Block 4: Measures of Dispersion and Skewness | Unit 14 Measures of Dispersion-I | Range; quartile deviation and its coefficient; mean deviation |
| Unit 15 Measures of Dispersion-II | Standard deviation and variance; coefficient of variation; combined standard deviation | |
| Unit 16 Measure of Skewness | Karl Pearson's coefficient; Bowley's quartile coefficient; positive vs negative skew |
Blocks 3 and 4 hold every formula the exam calculates. In June 2026, the median sum comes from Unit 11 and the standard deviation sum from Unit 15, while the GM and HM theory question sits in Unit 13.
ECO 07 June 2026 paper pattern and marks split
The ECO 07 Question Paper for June 2026 has 8 equal-mark questions; you answer any 5 in 2 hours for 50 marks, with a simple calculator allowed.
| Element | June 2026 paper | Earlier sessions |
|---|---|---|
| Code printed on paper | ECO-007 (also on December 2025) | ECO-07 on papers up to June 2025 |
| Time and marks | 2 hours, 50 marks | Same since December 2021 |
| Choice | Any 5 of 8, all equal marks | Any 5 of 8 since December 2021; June 2021 used three compulsory sections |
| Calculation questions | 2 (median, standard deviation) | December 2025 had 1 calculation (mean) plus a histogram |
| Split questions (5+5) | Q1, Q2, Q7, Q8 | December 2024 had only Q2 split; most others were 10-mark wholes |
| Aids allowed | Simple calculator | Simple calculator in every session checked |
| Language | Bilingual: English questions followed by the Hindi version | Bilingual in every session checked |
| Weightage | TEE 70%, assignment 30% | 70% line printed from June 2023 onwards |
The mix matters for planning. With 4 split questions, you can pick two 5-mark parts you know well instead of one long essay. Compare the format across sessions using our IGNOU Previous Year Question Paper collection.
Most repeated ECO 07 topics in official IGNOU papers, 2021 to 2025
Standard deviation and skewness each appeared in 6 of the 8 official ECO 07 papers we checked, making them the safest topics to prepare.
We counted topics across 8 official papers posted by IGNOU: December 2021, December 2022, June 2023, December 2023, June 2024, December 2024, June 2025 and December 2025. The last column shows whether the IGNOU ECO 07 Question Paper for June 2026 asked the same topic.
| Topic | Sessions where it appeared | Count (of 8) | In June 2026? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard deviation, variance and CV sums | Dec 2022, Jun 2023, Dec 2023, Jun 2024, Dec 2024, Jun 2025 | 6 | Yes, Q6 |
| Skewness (Karl Pearson or Bowley) | Dec 2022, Jun 2023, Dec 2023, Dec 2024, Jun 2025, Dec 2025 | 6 | No |
| Histogram and frequency polygon | Dec 2021, Dec 2022, Dec 2023, Jun 2025, Dec 2025 | 5 | No |
| Personal interview and observation | Dec 2021, Dec 2023, Jun 2025, Dec 2025 | 4 | Yes, Q2(a) |
| Sampling methods, incl. quota and judgement | Dec 2021, Jun 2023, Jun 2024, Dec 2025 | 4 | Yes, Q7 |
| Statistical errors and their sources | Dec 2021, Dec 2022, Jun 2025, Dec 2025 | 4 | Related, Q7 (accuracy) |
| Classification of data | Dec 2022, Jun 2024, Dec 2024, Jun 2025 | 4 | No |
| Importance or functions of statistics | Dec 2022, Jun 2023, Jun 2024, Jun 2025 | 4 | No |
| Primary and secondary data | Jun 2023, Jun 2025, Dec 2025 | 3 | Yes, Q8(b) |
| Median of grouped data | Jun 2023, Jun 2024, Jun 2025 | 3 | Yes, Q5 |
| Ratios, percentages and rates | Dec 2023, Jun 2024, Dec 2024 | 3 | Yes, Q8(a) |
| Central tendency theory and properties | Dec 2023, Jun 2024, Dec 2025 | 3 | Yes, Q1 |
| Questionnaire method | Dec 2022, Dec 2023 | 2 | Yes, Q4 |
| Geometric and harmonic mean | Jun 2025 | 1 | Yes, Q3 |
Notice that skewness, histograms and classification all skipped June 2026 after appearing 4 to 6 times earlier. Use this list together with our IGNOU Important Questions sets to cover the topics this paper left out.
How our Elements of Statistics answers are written and checked
Each ECO 07 answer is written by Prateek Talwar and reviewed by Sheetal Kirola, with every number recalculated before release.
We start from the official June 2026 paper, then read how the same topics were asked in the 8 earlier papers above. That tells us the depth IGNOU expects: a 10-mark theory answer runs to roughly two pages, and a 5-mark part to about one.
Terms and formulas are checked against the official ECO-07 course blocks on eGyanKosh, so the notation matches what your study centre teaches. Numericals use the step deviation method where the textbook does, because it keeps the arithmetic small on a simple calculator.
Theory answers follow a fixed pattern: a one-line definition, a labelled list or table, a short example and a closing line. Examiners skim, so every answer is built to show its key points within the first few lines.
ECO 07 solved file index: on this page vs full file
The ECO 07 June 2026 paper has 8 questions with 12 printed parts; 2 are solved on this page and the other 10 parts are in the full file.
| Question | Topic | Course unit | Answer available |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1(a) | Measures of central tendency | Unit 10 | Full file only |
| Q1(b) | Choosing a suitable average | Unit 10 | Full file only |
| Q2(a) | Observation and personal interview methods | Unit 5 | Full file only |
| Q2(b) | Variable and attribute with examples | Unit 6 | Full file only |
| Q3 | Geometric Mean vs Harmonic Mean | Unit 13 | On this page |
| Q4 | Merits and limitations of questionnaires | Unit 5 | Full file only |
| Q5 | Median of a 50-student marks table | Unit 11 | Full file only |
| Q6 | Standard deviation of a 68-student table | Unit 15 | On this page |
| Q7(a) | Degree of accuracy | Units 2 and 3 | Full file only |
| Q7(b) | Non-probability sampling | Unit 2 | Full file only |
| Q8(a) | Ratios vs percentages | Unit 4 | Full file only |
| Q8(b) | Primary vs secondary data | Unit 5 | Full file only |
Unit 5 alone supplies 4 of the 12 parts, so it pays to revise data collection first. The same question-by-unit index format is used across our BCOM Question Paper sets for other courses.
Programmes that include ECO 07 Elements of Statistics
ECO 07 is an Elective Course in Commerce within IGNOU's Bachelor's Degree Programme (BDP), and eGyanKosh lists it under B.Com second year.
It belongs to the older B.Com scheme, which IGNOU's own assignment pages label as B.Com Old, separate from the newer CBCS commerce courses. Students on the IGNOU Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com) pathway under BDP take it alongside ECO 06 Economic Theory and other commerce electives.
IGNOU's Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) Programme Guide lists ECO-07 Elements of Statistics as a 4-credit core course in Semester II, so BBA learners sit the same paper. IGNOU's BDP B.A. Programme Guide (October 2018, revised) also lists ECO-07 as a 4-credit Commerce elective, so B.A. learners can pick it too; a B.Com degree itself needs separate admission.
How to get the full ECO 07 Solved Question Paper on WhatsApp
Message WhatsApp 9899436384 with "ECO 07 June 2026" to get the complete solved PDF with all 8 questions answered.
The IGNOU ECO 07 Solved Question Paper file includes the 2 answers you read above plus the 6 that are locked here: central tendency, data collection methods, questionnaires, the median sum, the short notes and both distinctions. That is all 12 printed parts in one PDF.
Tell us your medium and exam session in the chat, and our team will share the price and file details. If you are also preparing for December 2026, ask about matching files for the other ECO electives you have chosen.
ECO 07 Elements of Statistics FAQs
Quick answers to what students most often ask about the ECO 07 June 2026 paper and the solved file.
What does the ECO 07 June 2026 question paper ask?
The ECO 07 June 2026 paper has 8 questions and you attempt any five, each worth 10 marks. Six are theory: central tendency, data collection methods, GM versus HM, questionnaires, short notes on accuracy and non-probability sampling, and two distinctions. Two are numericals: the median of a marks table and the standard deviation of a 68-student distribution. You get 2 hours for 50 marks.
How do I get the full ECO 07 Solved Question Paper on WhatsApp?
Send a message to WhatsApp 9899436384 with the code ECO 07 and the session June 2026, and our team will share the price and file details on chat. The PDF answers all 8 questions in the paper, covering all 12 printed parts, including the 6 questions listed on this page without answers. Only 2 answers, Q3 and Q6, are shown here as samples.
Is ECO-007 the same course as ECO 07 Elements of Statistics?
Yes. The June 2026 and December 2025 papers print the code as ECO-007, while papers up to June 2025 print ECO-07. Both carry the same title, Elements of Statistics, the same Bachelor's Degree Programme (BDP) Elective Course: Commerce header and the same 2-hour, 50-mark format. Whichever code you search, the syllabus is the same 4 blocks and 16 units on eGyanKosh.
Which ECO 07 topics repeat most often in IGNOU papers?
Across the 8 official papers we checked, from December 2021 to December 2025, standard deviation sums and skewness each appeared in 6 papers, and histogram or frequency polygon drawing appeared in 5. Personal interviewing, sampling methods, statistical errors, classification and the importance of statistics appeared in 4 each. The June 2026 paper again asked standard deviation, interviewing and sampling.
Which ECO 07 blocks carry the most numerical marks?
Blocks 3 and 4 carry most of the calculation marks in ECO 07. Block 3 covers the mean, median, mode, geometric mean and harmonic mean, while Block 4 covers dispersion and skewness. In June 2026 both numericals came from these blocks: the median sum from Unit 11 and the standard deviation sum from Block 4. Block 2 adds drawing questions such as histograms and pie diagrams.
Who writes and checks the ECO 07 Elements of Statistics answers?
Prateek Talwar writes the ECO 07 answers and Sheetal Kirola reviews them before the file is released. Every numerical shows its full working table and is rechecked on a simple calculator, the same aid the exam allows, with final figures rounded to two decimals. Theory answers follow the mark split printed on the paper, so a 5+5 question gets two clearly separated parts.
Will the ECO 07 June 2026 solved file help for December 2026?
It helps with method, not prediction. IGNOU often reuses ECO 07 themes and sometimes the same data: the June 2026 median table matches June 2023, and Q2 repeats December 2021 word for word. Practising these 8 fully solved questions trains you on formats that keep returning, but nobody can promise which questions IGNOU will set in the December 2026 session.