BBYCT 135 key facts: June 2026
- Course code: BBYCT-135
- Subject: Plant Anatomy and Embryology
- Programme: Bachelor of Science (General), BSCG; also offered in BSCM
- School: School of Sciences (SOS), IGNOU
- Credits: 4 (core theory course)
- Blocks and units: 4 blocks, 15 units
- Maximum marks: 50 (assignment carries 30 per cent of the course grade)
- Duration: 2 hours
- Questions in the June 2026 paper: 7 (Q1 compulsory, then any 4 of Q2 to Q7)
- Solved samples on this page: 2 (Q2 and Q3); all 7 in the paid file
BBYCT 135 Solved Question Paper June 2026 is our fully answered copy of the latest IGNOU term-end paper for Plant Anatomy and Embryology, a 4-credit core botany course in the Bachelor of Science (General) programme.
1. What the June 2026 Solved Paper Covers
The course joins two halves of botany. Blocks 1 and 2 cover how a plant is built inside: tissues, meristems, root, stem, leaf and secondary growth. Blocks 3 and 4 cover how a flowering plant reproduces, from anther and ovule to endosperm, embryo, seed and fruit.
The June 2026 paper tests both halves evenly. You face 12 objective items, four fixed differences, and five long questions on tissues, apical organisation, epidermal cells, anther layers, the embryo sac, self-pollination, seed appendages and endosperm, plus a short-note question.
On this page you can read two complete answers, Q2 and Q3, and see every other question exactly as IGNOU printed it. The full file answers all 7 questions, so you can revise the whole paper in one sitting instead of hunting across blocks for each topic.
2. Two Answers Solved in Full, Five Held Back
Question 2 and Question 3 are answered in full below; both are 10-mark questions and both topics were also asked in June 2025 or December 2025.
The question text is copied exactly as printed on the paper, including its own numbering. The answers follow the length IGNOU expects: four or five sharp points for each 2½-mark difference, and a structured answer of around 300 words for each 5-mark part.
Four differences: meristems, embryos, ovules and stomatal measures
Question 2: Differentiate between the following pairs of terms. (4 × 2½ = 10)
(a) Primary meristem and secondary meristem
(b) Dicot embryo and monocot embryo
(c) Tenuinucellate and crassinucellate ovules
(d) Stomatal frequency and stomatal index
(a) Primary meristem and secondary meristem
A meristem is a group of cells that keeps dividing. The two types differ mainly in where they come from and what kind of growth they produce.
| Basis | Primary meristem | Secondary meristem |
|---|---|---|
| Origin | Develops directly from embryonic (promeristem) cells and stays meristematic from the start | Develops later from permanent tissue whose cells regain the power to divide (dedifferentiation) |
| When it appears | Present from the embryo stage onwards | Appears later in the life of the plant, mostly in dicots and gymnosperms |
| Growth produced | Builds the primary plant body; mainly adds length | Builds secondary tissues; mainly adds girth and protection |
| Examples | Root and shoot apical meristems, intercalary meristem, fascicular cambium | Interfascicular cambium, cork cambium (phellogen), wound cambium |
| Tissues formed | Epidermis, cortex, primary xylem and primary phloem | Secondary xylem, secondary phloem, cork (phellem) and phelloderm |
(b) Dicot embryo and monocot embryo
Both embryos start from the zygote and pass through a globular stage, but their mature form is very different.
| Basis | Dicot embryo | Monocot embryo |
|---|---|---|
| Cotyledons | Two cotyledons, placed on either side of the embryonal axis | One cotyledon; in grasses it is a shield-shaped scutellum |
| Position of plumule | Terminal, lying between the two cotyledons | Lateral, in a small notch on one side, because the single cotyledon takes the terminal position |
| Protective sheaths | No sheath around plumule or radicle | In grasses the plumule is covered by the coleoptile and the radicle by the coleorhiza |
| Shape during development | Passes through a clear heart-shaped stage before the torpedo stage | Moves from globular to an elongated, cylindrical form without a heart-shaped stage |
| Standard example | Capsella bursa-pastoris (shepherd's purse) | Zea mays (maize) and Triticum (wheat) grains |
(c) Tenuinucellate and crassinucellate ovules
The nucellus is the tissue inside the integuments that holds the megaspore mother cell (MMC). Its thickness gives these two ovule types.
| Basis | Tenuinucellate ovule | Crassinucellate ovule |
|---|---|---|
| Nucellus | Thin, usually a single layer of cells around the MMC | Massive, with several layers of cells |
| Position of MMC | Hypodermal, lying just below the nucellar epidermis | Deep inside the nucellus, pushed inward by wall layers |
| Parietal cells | Not formed; the archesporial cell acts directly as the MMC | The archesporial cell cuts off a primary parietal cell; the inner cell becomes the MMC |
| Fate of nucellus | Used up early; the embryo sac touches the inner integument, which often forms an integumentary tapetum (endothelium) | Persists longer and can remain in the seed as perisperm in some plants |
| Where common | Advanced gamopetalous families such as Asteraceae | Primitive and many polypetalous families such as Magnoliaceae |
(d) Stomatal frequency and stomatal index
Both measure how many stomata a leaf has, but only one of them stays steady for a species.
| Basis | Stomatal frequency | Stomatal index |
|---|---|---|
| Meaning | Number of stomata per unit area of leaf surface, usually per square millimetre | Percentage of stomata out of all epidermal cells plus stomata in a given area |
| Formula | SF = number of stomata ÷ area of leaf surface counted | SI = S ÷ (E + S) × 100, where S is stomata and E is epidermal cells |
| Effect of environment | Changes a lot with light, humidity, leaf age and leaf position, because epidermal cell size changes | Fairly constant for a species, because cell expansion affects S and E together |
| Main use | Ecological and physiological work on transpiration and gas exchange | Taxonomy and pharmacognosy, for identifying species and leaf drugs |
| Origin of the idea | A simple count used since early leaf studies | Introduced by E.J. Salisbury in 1927 |
Complex tissues, and the tunica corpus organisation of the shoot apex
Question 3 (a): Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissues? How are they different from each other? (5)
Question 3 (b): Describe the tunica corpus organisation of the shoot apex in plants. (5)
(a) Xylem and phloem as complex tissues
Why complex. A complex tissue is a permanent tissue made of more than one type of cell, all working together as a single unit. Xylem and phloem each contain four kinds of cells, some living and some dead, which carry out one shared job, conduction. That mix of cell types is why both are called complex (or vascular) tissues.
Elements of xylem. Tracheids and vessels (the conducting cells, dead and lignified at maturity), xylem parenchyma (the only living cells, storing food and helping in lateral conduction) and xylem fibres (for mechanical support). Gymnosperms have no vessels, except the Gnetales.
Elements of phloem. Sieve tube elements joined end to end through sieve plates, companion cells linked to them by plasmodesmata, phloem parenchyma, and phloem (bast) fibres. In gymnosperms, sieve cells and albuminous cells replace sieve tubes and companion cells.
| Basis | Xylem | Phloem |
|---|---|---|
| What it carries | Water and dissolved minerals from root to leaves | Organic food, mainly sucrose, from leaves to other parts |
| Direction of flow | One-way, upward | Two-way, up or down depending on source and sink |
| Living or dead | Mostly dead at maturity; only parenchyma is living | Mostly living; only fibres are dead |
| Cell walls | Thick and lignified in tracheids, vessels and fibres | Mostly thin cellulose walls; lignified only in fibres |
| Conducting cells | Tracheids and vessels | Sieve tube elements with sieve plates |
| Extra role | Gives the plant mechanical strength (wood) | No major support role, apart from bast fibres |
Conclusion. Xylem and phloem are both complex tissues that together form the vascular bundle, but xylem is a largely dead, lignified tissue for water and support, while phloem is a largely living tissue for food transport.
(b) Tunica corpus organisation of the shoot apex
The tunica corpus theory was proposed by A. Schmidt in 1924 to explain how the angiosperm shoot apex is organised. Unlike Hanstein's histogen theory (1868), it does not give each layer a fixed tissue destiny. It divides the apex into two zones only on the basis of the plane in which their cells divide.
- Tunica: the outer one or more layers of cells covering the apex like a mantle. Its cells divide mainly anticlinally, that is at right angles to the surface. This adds cells side by side, so the tunica grows in surface area and keeps its layered look. Most dicots show two tunica layers; the number can vary from one to about four or five.
- Corpus: the central mass of larger cells lying under the tunica. Corpus cells divide in all planes, anticlinal, periclinal and oblique, so the corpus grows in volume. It adds bulk to the apex and gives rise to the inner tissues.
- Initials and derivatives: each tunica layer has its own initials at the summit, and the corpus has its own initials just below them. The outermost tunica layer forms the epidermis (protoderm). Inner tunica layers and the corpus together give the cortex, procambium (future vascular tissue) and pith, and also contribute to leaf primordia on the flanks.
- Significance and limits: the theory neatly explains surface growth versus volume growth and fits the stable L1, L2 and L3 layers seen in periclinal chimeras. Its weakness is that the tunica and corpus boundary is not always sharp, since inner tunica cells sometimes divide periclinally. Later work built on it as the cytohistological zonation first described by Foster in Ginkgo.
Diagram to draw. An L.S. of the shoot apex showing two tunica layers (T1 and T2) with anticlinal walls, the corpus beneath with cells dividing in various planes, a leaf primordium on each flank, and procambial strands below. Label tunica, corpus, leaf primordium and procambium.
3. Questions Answered Only in the Full File
These five questions appear below exactly as printed in the June 2026 paper. Their answers are not on this page.
Question 1 (a): State whether the following statements are true or false. (4 × 1 = 4)
(i) In leguminous plants a well developed perisperm is found in seeds.
(ii) In amoeboid tapetum, the cells change their shape and position during ontogeny to form a periplasmodium.
(iii) The number of annual rings shows the age of the tree. It is called dendrochronology.
(iv) The growth in a rhizome is through the apical bud.Question 1 (b): Fill in the blanks. (4 × 1 = 4)
(i) ............... behaves as permanent meristem.
(ii) ............... polyembryony is commonly noted in conifers and gymnosperms.
(iii) The cells having thick lignified walls are called ............... .
(iv) A young leaf primordium arises as a small protuberance in ............... .Question 1 (c): Match the fruits given under Column A with those given under Column B. (4 × ½ = 2)
| Column A | Column B |
|---|---|
| (a) Capsule | (i) Cucumber |
| (b) Berry | (ii) Tomato |
| (c) Drupe | (iii) Mango |
| (d) Pepo | (iv) Ladies finger |
Question 4 (a): Explain at least two specialised epidermal cells using a suitable diagram. (5)
Question 4 (b): Briefly describe the different layers of the anther and their functions. (5)
Question 5 (a): Explain how the embryo sac develops. (5)
Question 5 (b): Describe self-pollination by giving suitable examples. (5)
Question 6 (a): Discuss the different types of seed appendages found in plants. (5)
Question 6 (b): Explain the functions of endosperm in plants. What are the different endosperm variants? (5)
Question 7: Write short notes on any four of the following. (4 × 2½ = 10)
(a) Apical meristems
(b) Annual rings
(c) Insectivorous plants
(d) Polyembryony and its significance
(e) Genetical parthenocarpy
Together they test anther wall layers and tapetum, embryo sac development, self-pollination, seed appendages, endosperm variants and topics such as insectivorous plants and genetical parthenocarpy, several of which returned after a gap of more than two years.
4. Syllabus by Block and Unit
BBYCT 135 has 4 blocks and 15 units: Blocks 1 and 2 teach plant anatomy, and Blocks 3 and 4 teach plant embryology.
The table maps each unit to the topics IGNOU actually tests from it and to the June 2026 question that drew on it. Use it with the official BBYCT 135 Study Material so every unit you read connects to a real exam question.
| Block | Unit | Topics examiners pick from this unit | Where June 2026 tested it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Block 1: Tissues and Organs | Unit 1: Tissues | Parenchyma, collenchyma and sclerenchyma; xylem and phloem elements; sclereids and companion cells | Q3(a) (Sample 2); Q1(b)(iii) |
| Block 1: Tissues and Organs | Unit 2: Meristematic Tissues | Classification of meristems; tunica corpus and histogen theories; quiescent centre | Q2(a) (Sample 1), Q3(b) (Sample 2), Q7(a), Q1(b)(i) |
| Block 1: Tissues and Organs | Unit 3: Root | Dicot and monocot root anatomy; pericycle and endodermis; root hairs from trichoblasts | — (June 2025 set pericycle versus endodermis) |
| Block 1: Tissues and Organs | Unit 4: Stem | Dicot and monocot stem; bicollateral bundles; rhizome, tuber, bulb and runner | Q1(a)(iv) rhizome |
| Block 1: Tissues and Organs | Unit 5: Leaf | Origin of leaf primordium; dorsiventral and isobilateral leaf; bulliform and silica cells | Q1(b)(iv) leaf primordium |
| Block 2: Secondary Growth and Adaptive Features | Unit 6: Secondary Growth | Vascular cambium with fusiform and ray initials; annual rings and dendrochronology; heartwood and anomalous growth | Q1(a)(iii), Q7(b) |
| Block 2: Secondary Growth and Adaptive Features | Unit 7: Protective Features in Plants | Epidermis and cuticle; stomata types, guard cells and stomatal index; trichomes and cystoliths | Q2(d) (Sample 1), Q4(a) |
| Block 2: Secondary Growth and Adaptive Features | Unit 8: Adaptive Features in Plants | Xerophytes and hydrophytes; halophytes, mangroves and pneumatophores; special nutrition such as insectivory | Q7(c) insectivorous plants |
| Block 3: Flower to Fertilization | Unit 9: Structural Organization of Flower | Anther wall layers and tapetum types; ovule types and nucellus; monosporic embryo sac | Q1(a)(ii), Q2(c) (Sample 1), Q4(b), Q5(a) |
| Block 3: Flower to Fertilization | Unit 10: Pollination | Autogamy, geitonogamy and cross-pollination; pollinating agents; incompatibility and pollen sterility | Q5(b) self-pollination |
| Block 3: Flower to Fertilization | Unit 11: Fertilization | Pollen tube entry and filiform apparatus; syngamy and triple fusion; double fertilisation | — (June 2025 set syngamy versus triple fusion) |
| Block 4: Endosperm and Embryo | Unit 12: Endosperm | Nuclear, cellular and helobial types; ruminate and composite endosperm; nutritive role | Q6(b), Q1(a)(i) |
| Block 4: Endosperm and Embryo | Unit 13: Embryo | Dicot (Capsella) and monocot embryo; suspensor and its functions | Q2(b) (Sample 1) |
| Block 4: Endosperm and Embryo | Unit 14: Apomixis and Polyembryony | Types and causes of apomixis; adventive and cleavage polyembryony; parthenocarpy | Q1(b)(ii), Q7(d), Q7(e) |
| Block 4: Endosperm and Embryo | Unit 15: Seed and Fruit | Seed appendages such as aril and caruncle; albuminous seeds and perisperm; fruit types and dispersal | Q6(a), Q1(c) fruit match |
Unit titles follow the eGyanKosh blocks. Where a topic could sit in two units, such as stomata or parthenocarpy, we placed it where the IGNOU block discusses it at length.
5. Question Paper Pattern and Marks Split
The June 2026 paper has 7 questions for 50 marks in 2 hours: Question 1 is compulsory and you answer any four of Q2 to Q7, each worth 10 marks.
This is a real change. Every earlier paper we checked, from December 2021 to December 2025, printed 8 questions and let you choose four of seven. June 2026 cut the optional pool to six and removed the internal choice in Q2, so all four differences had to be written.
| Question | What June 2026 asked | Marks split | Blocks it draws on |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (compulsory) | 4 true or false, 4 fill in the blanks, 4 fruit type matches | 4 + 4 + 2 = 10 | All four blocks |
| Q2 | Four fixed differences: meristems, embryos, ovules, stomata | 4 × 2½ = 10 | Blocks 1, 2, 3 and 4 |
| Q3 | Xylem and phloem as complex tissues; tunica corpus | 5 + 5 | Block 1 only |
| Q4 | Specialised epidermal cells with diagram; anther wall layers | 5 + 5 | Blocks 2 and 3 |
| Q5 | Embryo sac development; self-pollination with examples | 5 + 5 | Block 3 only |
| Q6 | Seed appendages; endosperm functions and variants | 5 + 5 | Block 4 only |
| Q7 | Short notes, any four of five | 4 × 2½ = 10 | Blocks 1, 2 and 4 |
To see how earlier sessions were set, compare this layout with the papers in our IGNOU Previous Year Question Paper collection. The objective Q1 has kept its 10 marks, but its mix of true or false, blanks and matching changes almost every session.
6. Topics IGNOU Keeps Repeating, December 2021 to June 2026
Eight topic groups appeared in all 5 earlier official papers we checked, and June 2026 asked every one of them again.
We counted topics in the official papers for December 2021, June 2022, December 2023, June 2025 and December 2025, then marked how June 2026 used each one. We could not locate official papers for December 2022, June 2023, June 2024 or December 2024, so the count is out of 5 sessions, not a full five-year run.
| Topic group (unit) | Earlier papers and how it was asked | Count (of 5) | How June 2026 asked it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shoot and root apex organisation (Unit 2) | Dec 2021 shoot apex theories, quiescent centre; Jun 2022 root apex theories; Dec 2023 corpus; Jun 2025 shoot apex theories; Dec 2025 histogen theory of root | 5 | Q3(b) tunica corpus (Sample 2); Q7(a) |
| Secondary growth and annual rings (Unit 6) | Dec 2021 dicot stem 10 marks; Jun 2022 cambium, dendrochronology; Dec 2023 cambium, ray initials; Jun 2025 dicot stem 10 marks; Dec 2025 anomalous growth in roots, heartwood | 5 | Q1(a)(iii); Q7(b) annual rings |
| Simple and complex tissues (Unit 1) | Dec 2021 simple versus complex, fibres; Jun 2022 phloem structure; Dec 2023 parenchyma versus sclerenchyma; Jun 2025 xylem and phloem as complex tissues; Dec 2025 sclereids | 5 | Q3(a) (Sample 2), close to June 2025 Q4(b) |
| Epidermis and stomata (Unit 7) | Dec 2021 anomocytic stomata; Jun 2022 and Dec 2023 role of epidermis; Jun 2025 stomatal frequency versus index; Dec 2025 guard cells for 10 marks | 5 | Q2(d) (Sample 1), a repeat of June 2025 Q2(i); Q4(a) |
| Ovules and embryo sac (Unit 9) | Dec 2021 and Dec 2023 ovule types; Jun 2022 Polygonum embryo sac; Jun 2025 nucellus; Dec 2025 tenuinucellate versus crassinucellate, monosporic embryo sac | 5 | Q2(c) (Sample 1), a repeat of Dec 2025 Q2(iii); Q5(a) |
| Apomixis and polyembryony (Unit 14) | Dec 2021 causes of apomixis; Jun 2022 agamospermy; Dec 2023 apomixis and polyembryony; Jun 2025 adventive polyembryony; Dec 2025 polyembryony and apomixis types | 5 | Q1(b)(ii); Q7(d) |
| Adaptive features (Unit 8) | Dec 2021 aerial roots; Jun 2022 xerophytic leaves; Dec 2023 halophytes; Jun 2025 mangroves, succulents; Dec 2025 xerophytes, pneumatophores, velamen | 5 | Q7(c) insectivorous plants |
| Seed, fruit and parthenocarpy (Unit 15) | Dec 2021 autochory versus anemochory; Jun 2022 parthenocarpy; Dec 2023 seed dispersal; Jun 2025 caryopsis and berry, aggregate fruit; Dec 2025 albuminous seeds | 5 | Q1(c); Q6(a); Q7(e) |
| Endosperm (Unit 12) | Dec 2021 composite endosperm; Jun 2022 composite versus ruminate; Jun 2025 triple fusion product for 10 marks; Dec 2025 composite endosperm | 4 | Q6(b) functions and variants |
| Meristematic and permanent tissues (Unit 2) | Dec 2021 permanent tissue statement; Jun 2022 properties of meristems; Dec 2023 intercalary and lateral meristems; Dec 2025 meristematic versus permanent | 4 | Q2(a) (Sample 1); Q1(b)(i) |
| Pollination types (Unit 10) | Dec 2021 autogamy; Jun 2022 cross-pollination; Dec 2023 self-pollination, autogamy versus geitonogamy; Dec 2025 chiropterophily | 4 | Q5(b) self-pollination |
| Dicot and monocot comparisons (Units 3, 4, 13) | Dec 2021 and Dec 2023 stems; Jun 2022 roots; Jun 2025 stem matching | 4 | Q2(b) (Sample 1), switched to embryos |
| Incompatibility and pollen sterility (Unit 10) | Dec 2021 and Jun 2022 incompatibility for 10 marks; Dec 2021, Dec 2023 and Dec 2025 pollen sterility | 4 | — (a strong December 2026 candidate) |
| Anther wall and tapetum (Unit 9) | Dec 2021 amoeboid versus secretory tapetum; Jun 2022 tapetum statement, integumentary tapetum | 2 | Q1(a)(ii); Q4(b), after a three-paper gap |
For this paper the pattern is plain: Units 2, 6, 7, 9 and 14 never skip a session. For a wider shortlist across your other courses, see our IGNOU Solved Guess Paper page.
7. How Our Answers Are Written and Checked
Every BBYCT 135 answer is written by a subject expert from the IGNOU blocks, sized to its marks, and reviewed before release.
We started with the official June 2026 paper, then studied earlier BBYCT 135 papers to see how examiners phrase anatomy and embryology questions. That is why the Q2 answers above use comparison tables with five bases each: a 2½-mark difference is marked point by point.
Terms and examples come from IGNOU's own BBYCT 135 blocks on eGyanKosh, such as Capsella for the dicot embryo and Schmidt's tunica corpus for the shoot apex, so nothing in the file clashes with the course material.
The review covers accuracy, correct scientific names in italics, the diagram each question expects, and length that fits a two-hour paper with four long answers.
8. Solved File Index: Every Question and Its Unit
The June 2026 solved file holds all 7 questions: 2 are answered on this page and 5 are answered only in the full file.
BBYCT 135 is a theory paper with no practical record of its own, since slide and specimen work sits in a separate botany lab course. So instead of a practical index, this table maps each question to its units and shows where its answer lives.
| Question | Topic | Marks | Units | Where the answer is |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | 12 objective items: perisperm, tapetum, dendrochronology, rhizome, meristem, polyembryony, lignified cells, leaf primordium, fruit types | 10 | Units 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 14, 15 | Full file |
| Q2 | Four differences: meristems, embryos, ovules, stomatal frequency and index | 10 | Units 2, 7, 9, 13 | Sample 1 above |
| Q3 | Complex tissues; tunica corpus organisation | 10 | Units 1, 2 | Sample 2 above |
| Q4 | Specialised epidermal cells; anther wall layers | 10 | Units 7, 9 | Full file |
| Q5 | Embryo sac development; self-pollination | 10 | Units 9, 10 | Full file |
| Q6 | Seed appendages; endosperm functions and variants | 10 | Units 12, 15 | Full file |
| Q7 | Short notes: apical meristems, annual rings, insectivorous plants, polyembryony, genetical parthenocarpy | 10 | Units 2, 6, 8, 14 | Full file |
If you are collecting papers for the whole programme, our BSCG Question Paper listing groups every Bachelor of Science (General) course code in one place.
9. Programmes That Study BBYCT 135
BBYCT 135 is a core botany course in IGNOU's Bachelor of Science (General), BSCG, and the same course code also appears in the Bachelor of Science (Multidisciplinary), BSCM.
In the Bachelor of Science (General) programme, BBYCT 135 sits in the botany core alongside courses on plant ecology, taxonomy and physiology, with 30 per cent of the course grade coming from the assignment and the rest from this term-end paper.
IGNOU also publishes a BBYCT 135 assignment for BSCM, the four-year multidisciplinary science degree. Learners in that stream study the same four blocks, so this solved paper fits both. Check your programme guide for your semester placement.
10. How to Get the Full Solved Question Paper
Message WhatsApp 9899436384 with "BBYCT 135 June 2026" to get the file with answers to all 7 questions, including the 5 not shown here.
The file is shared on WhatsApp after payment. You get Q1's 12 objective answers, the four long questions from Q4 to Q7, and the two answers you already read, arranged in paper order so you can revise straight through.
With Q2 now compulsory in full and only six optional questions to choose from, you cannot safely skip a block. Having every answer ready is the simplest way to cover anatomy and embryology together before the December 2026 exam.
11. BBYCT 135 Plant Anatomy and Embryology FAQs
These answers cover how to get the BBYCT 135 file, what it contains and how the June 2026 paper was set.
How do I get the full June 2026 solved file on WhatsApp?
Send a message to WhatsApp 9899436384 with the code BBYCT 135 and the session June 2026. Our team replies with the price and payment details, and the complete file is shared on the same chat. It carries answers to all 7 questions of the paper, which means the 2 you read on this page plus the 5 that are listed here as question text only.
Which questions are answered in full on this page?
Question 2 and Question 3 are answered in full. Q2 covers four differences worth 2½ marks each: primary and secondary meristem, dicot and monocot embryo, tenuinucellate and crassinucellate ovules, and stomatal frequency and stomatal index. Q3 explains why xylem and phloem are complex tissues and describes the tunica corpus organisation of the shoot apex. The other five questions are printed as text only.
How is the June 2026 pattern different from earlier papers?
The June 2026 paper has 7 questions, not 8. Question 1 is compulsory and you pick any four from Q2 to Q7, so the optional pool shrank from seven to six. Q2 also dropped its internal choice: all four differences are fixed. Earlier papers such as June 2025 and December 2025 let you pick two of three or four pairs, so skipping units is riskier now.
Which topics repeat most in BBYCT 135 papers?
Shoot and root apex organisation, secondary growth and annual rings, simple and complex tissues, epidermis and stomata, ovules and embryo sac, apomixis and polyembryony, adaptive features and seed and fruit topics each appeared in all 5 earlier papers we checked, from December 2021 to December 2025. The June 2026 paper asked every one of these groups again in some form, often in a new format.
How many blocks and units does BBYCT 135 have?
The course has 4 blocks and 15 units and carries 4 credits. Blocks 1 and 2 cover plant anatomy: tissues, meristems, root, stem, leaf, secondary growth, protective features and adaptive features. Blocks 3 and 4 cover embryology: flower structure, pollination, fertilisation, endosperm, embryo, apomixis and polyembryony, and seed and fruit. The June 2026 paper drew questions from all four blocks.
How long should my BBYCT 135 answers be in the exam?
Match the marks. A 2½-mark difference in Q2 or a short note in Q7 needs four or five clear points, roughly 100 to 150 words. A 5-mark part in Q3 to Q6 needs about 250 to 300 words with a labelled diagram where the question asks for one. With four long questions in two hours, spend about 25 minutes on each and keep 15 minutes for Q1.
Who writes and checks the BBYCT 135 answers?
Our subject experts write the answers after studying earlier BBYCT 135 papers and the IGNOU blocks, so the terms and examples match what examiners look for. Prateek Talwar leads authoring and Sheetal Kirola reviews every answer for accuracy, marks-based length and clear structure before the file is released. The two sample answers on this page show the standard you get for the other five questions.
Which programmes include BBYCT 135?
BBYCT 135 is a core botany course in the IGNOU Bachelor of Science (General) programme, BSCG, under the School of Sciences. IGNOU also issues a BBYCT 135 assignment for the Bachelor of Science (Multidisciplinary) programme, BSCM, so learners in that four-year stream study the same blocks and can use this solved paper. Check your own programme guide to confirm the semester.
12. Who Wrote and Checked the BBYCT 135 Answers
The BBYCT 135 answers were written by the Unnati Educations Botany team and reviewed by Sheetal Kirola.
Prateek Talwar, founder of Unnati Educations, leads authoring for the IGNOU science files and prepares answers from the course blocks and the official term-end paper. Sheetal Kirola, Academic Head (M.Ed.), checks accuracy, scientific names, diagram requirements and marks-based length before release.