BPSE-144 Solved Question Paper June 2026 gives you exam-length answers to all 8 questions of the official IGNOU term-end paper for Introduction to South Asia, from colonialism and SAARC to migration and armed conflict. Two answers are open below so you can judge the quality yourself, and the full file with every answer comes on WhatsApp 9899436384.
BPSE-144 Introduction to South Asia key facts, June 2026 paper
- Course code: BPSE-144
- Course title: Introduction to South Asia
- Programmes: BAPSH, the IGNOU Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Political Science, and BAG, the Bachelor of Arts (General)
- School: School of Social Sciences
- Credits: 6
- Blocks and units: 4 blocks, 15 units
- Maximum marks: 100; the term-end exam carries 70% weightage and assignments 30%
- Duration: 3 hours
- Questions in the June 2026 paper: 8 in two sections, of which you attempt any 5 with at least 2 from each section
- Sample answers shown here: 2 (Q3 and Q7)
- Questions in the paid file: all 8, which is 10 written answers because Q4 and Q8 each carry two notes; 6 questions are not shown on this page
What the BPSE-144 Solved Question Paper June 2026 includes
BPSE-144 Solved Question Paper June 2026 gives you exam-length answers to all 8 questions of the official IGNOU term-end paper, from colonialism and SAARC to migration and armed conflict.
BPSE-144 Introduction to South Asia is a 6-credit Political Science course of IGNOU, studied in the Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Political Science (BAPSH) and the Bachelor of Arts (General) (BAG), that examines the politics, development, conflicts and cooperation of the eight South Asian countries. The paper itself prints the title as An Introduction to South Asia, so both forms refer to the same course.
The June 2026 paper leans towards development and the region as a whole. It asks how colonialism shaped economies, what holds back governance, how countries cooperate and compete in SAARC, how India grows and how Bangladesh handles its neighbours. Migration, trafficking and armed conflict close the paper.
The choice rule is what you should plan around. Every question is worth the same 20 marks and roughly the same 400 words, so there is no cheap question; but because you must take at least 2 from each section and 5 in all, you have to be able to answer 3 of the 4 questions in at least one section. Preparing four strong topics that all sit in Section I will leave you one answer short.
8 questions · 20 marks each · attempt any 5, at least 2 per section · about 400 words an answer · roughly 2,000 words in 180 minutes = 36 minutes a question
We took this exact IGNOU BPSE-144 Question Paper and wrote every answer to the 400-word and 200-word limits printed on it. Before writing, we read eight earlier official papers, so the file also shows which South Asia themes keep returning. Two answers are open below; the other six questions are answered only in the full file.
Two solved BPSE-144 answers from the June 2026 paper
Q3 on SAARC from Section I and Q7 on migration from Section II are shown here in full, so you can judge the depth and accuracy before you order.
Both are written to the 400-word limit printed on the paper. Question wording follows the printed paper.
Question 3 Section I Any 5 of 8 Block 4, Unit 14 20 marks about 400 words SAARC set in 4 of 8 papers
3. How do South Asian countries collaborate and compete within regional organizations such as SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)? 20
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was founded at Dhaka on 8 December 1985 by Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Afghanistan joined in 2007. Its secretariat has worked from Kathmandu since 1987. SAARC was meant to build trust through cooperation, yet it also became a stage where the region's rivalries play out.
Areas of collaboration
- Trade: members signed the SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) in 1993 and the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) agreement at Islamabad in 2004, which came into force in 2006 to cut tariffs step by step.
- Institutions: SAARC set up the South Asian University in New Delhi, the SAARC Development Fund in Thimphu and a regional food bank, giving cooperation a practical shape.
- Crisis response: in March 2020 the leaders met by video and created a SAARC COVID-19 Emergency Fund, to which India pledged 10 million US dollars.
- People-to-people links: the SAARC visa exemption scheme lets certain officials, judges and journalists travel within the region without visas.
Areas of competition
India and Pakistan: the SAARC Charter keeps bilateral and contentious issues off the agenda and requires decisions by unanimity. This protects smaller states but lets the India and Pakistan rivalry block progress. The 19th summit, due in Islamabad in 2016, was called off after the Uri attack when India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Afghanistan withdrew. No summit has been held since Kathmandu in 2014.
Weak trade results: SAFTA's long sensitive lists and non-tariff barriers have kept intra-regional trade at roughly 5 per cent of South Asia's total trade, one of the lowest shares of any region. Countries often prefer bilateral deals, such as the India and Sri Lanka trade agreement signed in 1998.
Size and outside powers: smaller members worry about India's size, while China's loans and ports under the Belt and Road Initiative give them other options. Pakistan stayed out of the South Asia Satellite that India launched in 2017, showing how even goodwill projects become competitive.
Shift to other forums. With SAARC stalled, India has put more energy into BIMSTEC, which links five South Asian states with Myanmar and Thailand but leaves out Pakistan. Sub-regional groups such as the Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal (BBIN) motor vehicles framework show the same trend.
Conclusion. South Asian countries cooperate in SAARC on trade, development and disasters, but compete through bilateral disputes, unanimity rules and outside partners. SAARC can recover only if members separate regional cooperation from bilateral quarrels and make SAFTA work in practice.
Question 7 Section II Any 5 of 8 Block 3, Unit 8 20 marks about 400 words Migration set in 3 sessions running
7. How do issues related to migration, including internal displacement and cross-border movement, impact social cohesion and stability in South Asia? 20
Migration has shaped South Asia since the Partition of 1947, when an estimated 14 to 15 million people crossed the new borders. Today people move for work, flee conflict or lose homes to floods and development projects. These movements bring income and new skills, but they also test the social cohesion and stability of states that share borders, languages and faiths.
Forms of migration in South Asia
- Internal displacement: conflict, disasters and dams uproot people inside their own countries, such as the Kashmiri Pandits who left the Valley in 1990 and families displaced by recurrent floods in Assam and Bangladesh.
- Cross-border refugees: about 10 million people fled East Pakistan to India in 1971, Sri Lankan Tamils have lived in Tamil Nadu camps since the 1980s, and more than 700,000 Rohingya entered Bangladesh from Myanmar after August 2017.
- Labour migration: millions work in the Gulf or move from poorer states to cities. India is the world's largest recipient of remittances, and Nepal depends heavily on money sent home.
Impact on social cohesion
Identity and nativism: large inflows can make local communities fear for their land, jobs and culture. The Assam Movement of 1979 to 1985 grew out of anger over migration from Bangladesh, and the final National Register of Citizens in Assam, published in August 2019, left out about 1.9 million people.
Ethnic and religious tension: the expulsion of over 100,000 Lhotshampa people from Bhutan in the early 1990s, many of whom lived for years in camps in eastern Nepal, shows how citizenship rules can harden ethnic divides and strain relations between neighbours.
Impact on stability
Inter-state friction: refugee flows turn into diplomatic disputes. The Rohingya presence strains Bangladesh, while Pakistan began sending undocumented Afghans home in late 2023, which raised tension with the Taliban government. Porous borders can also be used by armed groups and traffickers.
Pressure on cities and services: internal migrants crowd into urban slums with weak housing and health care. The return journey of migrant workers during India's COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 exposed how little protection they had.
Conclusion. Migration in South Asia is both a source of growth and a cause of tension. Shared refugee policies, fair citizenship processes and protection for migrant workers would let the region gain from movement while keeping its societies stable.
Exam-hall note on length. Both answers above run past the 400 words the paper allows, because the full file doubles as a study resource. Keep every date, figure and place name — 1985 and Dhaka for SAARC, 1.9 million for the Assam NRC, August 2017 for the Rohingya — because those are what separate a 400-word answer from a vague one. Cut a bullet from the longest list instead, and drop one of the two sub-points under each heading.
Questions answered only in the full file
The remaining 6 questions of the June 2026 paper are listed below as printed; their answers are not shown on this page.
Section I — attempt at least two questions from this section
1. How has colonialism impacted the socio-economic development of South Asian countries? 20
2. What are some of the key challenges faced by South Asian countries in terms of development and governance? 20
4. Write notes on the following in 200 words each: 2 × 10 = 20
(a) Border Disputes in South Asia
(b) GlobalisationSection II — attempt at least two questions from this section
5. What are the main drivers of India's economic growth, and what challenges does the country face in achieving sustainable development? 20
6. How does Bangladesh manage its relationship with India and other neighbouring countries, particularly in regards to trade and security? 20
8. Write notes on the following in 200 words each: 2 × 10 = 20
(a) Human Trafficking in South Asia
(b) Armed Conflicts in South Asia
How to use the choice rule. Five answers, at least two from each section, and four questions printed in each — so the only possible splits are three from one section and two from the other. That has two consequences worth planning around. First, you cannot answer four questions from your stronger section, however well you know them. Second, the note questions are the easiest place to find your third answer in a section: Q4 and Q8 each give you two separate 200-word notes instead of one continuous 400-word essay, which is far quicker to fill under time pressure, and each note stands on its own if you know only one of the two topics well enough to stretch it.
BPSE-144 Introduction to South Asia blocks and units
BPSE-144 runs across 4 blocks and 15 units, moving from South Asia as a region to its polities, its development problems and finally its conflicts and cooperation.
Block and unit titles follow IGNOU's course page for BPSE-144 on eGyanKosh. The topic column shows what each unit covers and the last column shows where each June 2026 question comes from.
| Block | Unit | Key topics | June 2026 question |
|---|---|---|---|
| Block 1 South Asia: An Introduction | Unit 1 South Asia as Region | Geography and geo-strategic position; shared colonial past; South Asia as a political and economic region | Q1, Q4(b) |
| Block 1 South Asia: An Introduction | Unit 2 Struggle for Independence and Nationalism in South Asia | Colonial rule and its economic impact; nationalist movements; Partition of 1947 and new states | Q1 |
| Block 2 Society and Polity in South Asia | Unit 3 Diversity and Pluralism in South Asia | Ethnic, linguistic and religious diversity; pluralism and its challenges; ethnic conflict | None this session |
| Block 2 Society and Polity in South Asia | Unit 4 Political Structures and Processes in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh | Parliamentary democracy in India; the military's role in Pakistan; party politics in Bangladesh | Q2, Q6 |
| Block 2 Society and Polity in South Asia | Unit 5 Political Structures and Processes in Sri Lanka and the Maldives | Sri Lanka's executive presidency and Tamil question; the Maldives' shift to multi-party rule | Q2 |
| Block 2 Society and Polity in South Asia | Unit 6 Political Structures and Processes in Afghanistan, Bhutan and Nepal | Taliban rule in Afghanistan; Bhutan's constitutional monarchy; Nepal's federal republic | Q2 |
| Block 3 Issues in Development | Unit 7 Human Development and Regional Imbalances in South Asia | Human Development Index ranks; poverty, health and education gaps; governance and regional imbalance | Q2, Q5 |
| Block 3 Issues in Development | Unit 8 Migration and Development in South Asia | Labour migration and remittances; refugees and internal displacement; trafficking routes | Q7, Q8(a) |
| Block 3 Issues in Development | Unit 9 Environment and Development | Growth versus ecology; climate vulnerability; sustainable development policy | Q5 |
| Block 4 Conflict and Cooperation in South Asia | Unit 10 Armed Conflicts in South Asia | Insurgency and terrorism; civil war in Sri Lanka; changing nature of armed conflict | Q8(b) |
| Block 4 Conflict and Cooperation in South Asia | Unit 11 Territorial Disputes | Kashmir; Sir Creek; India and Nepal over Lipulekh and Kalapani | Q4(a) |
| Block 4 Conflict and Cooperation in South Asia | Unit 12 Waters Disputes and Water Sharing | Indus Waters Treaty 1960; Ganga Water Treaty 1996; Teesta sharing talks | None this session |
| Block 4 Conflict and Cooperation in South Asia | Unit 13 Civil Society in South Asia | NGOs and social movements; media as a fourth estate; Track II diplomacy | None this session |
| Block 4 Conflict and Cooperation in South Asia | Unit 14 SAARC | SAARC Charter and institutions; SAPTA and SAFTA; stalled summits and BIMSTEC | Q3 |
| Block 4 Conflict and Cooperation in South Asia | Unit 15 Dynamics of South Asian Security | Nuclear deterrence between India and Pakistan; China in the region; non-traditional threats | Q6 |
Which blocks you actually needed. Only four of the eight questions can be answered from a single block: Q1 from Block 1, Q3 from Block 4, and Q5 and Q7 from Block 3. The rest draw on two blocks each, and the two note questions split across blocks — Q4(a) is Block 4 while Q4(b) is Block 1, and Q8(a) is Block 3 while Q8(b) is Block 4. Put together, Blocks 1, 3 and 4 could have answered six of the eight questions — Q1, Q3 and Q4 in Section I, and Q5, Q7 and Q8 in Section II — which is three in each section and more than the five you need. Block 2 was needed only for Q2 and Q6, so it was the one block a learner could have skipped this session.
Units 3, 12 and 13 on diversity, water sharing and civil society have no question this session, even though each appeared in at least four earlier papers. Reading them from the BPSE-144 Study Material is the safest way to cover that gap before December 2026.
BPSE-144 paper layout, choice rule and marks
The BPSE-144 June 2026 paper has 8 questions of 20 marks each in two sections, and you answer any 5, taking at least 2 from each section.
| Part of paper | Questions | Marks | Expected length |
|---|---|---|---|
| Section I essays | Q1 to Q3: colonialism, development and governance, SAARC | 20 each | About 400 words |
| Section I notes | Q4(a) border disputes, Q4(b) globalisation | 2 × 10 | About 200 words per note |
| Section II essays | Q5 to Q7: India's growth, Bangladesh's neighbourhood ties, migration | 20 each | About 400 words |
| Section II notes | Q8(a) human trafficking, Q8(b) armed conflicts | 2 × 10 | About 200 words per note |
| Attempt rule | Any 5 of 8, at least 2 from each section | 5 × 20 = 100 | About 2,000 words in 3 hours |
Every question costs the same twenty marks for the same four hundred words, so there is no bargain on this paper and nothing to gain by reordering. What the paper does give you is 36 minutes an answer, which is generous for 400 words, so the pressure here is recall rather than writing speed.
Each section ends with a two-part note question, which is a good choice if you know both topics well. This BPSE-144 Question Paper keeps the same two-section layout used since June 2022, which you can check on our IGNOU Previous Year Question Paper page.
South Asia themes BPSE-144 examiners repeat
Ethnic conflict and diversity in South Asia were asked in 6 of the 8 official BPSE-144 papers from June 2022 to December 2025, the most of any theme.
We counted topics across eight official IGNOU papers: June 2022, December 2022, June 2023, December 2023, June 2024, December 2024, June 2025 and December 2025. A theme is counted once per session even if it appears in two questions of the same paper.
| Theme | Unit | Sessions where asked | Count (of 8) | In June 2026 paper? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnic conflict, diversity and pluralism | Units 3 and 10 | Jun 22, Dec 22, Jun 23, Jun 24, Dec 24, Dec 25 | 6 | No |
| Territorial and border disputes (Kashmir, Sir Creek, Lipulekh) | Unit 11 | Dec 22, Dec 23, Jun 24, Dec 24, Dec 25 | 5 | Yes, Q4(a) |
| Afghanistan and the Taliban | Unit 6 | Jun 22, Dec 22, Jun 23, Jun 24, Dec 24 | 5 | No |
| Environment and sustainable development | Unit 9 | Jun 23, Dec 23, Jun 24, Dec 24, Dec 25 | 5 | Yes, Q5 |
| Political structures of individual countries | Units 4 to 6 | Dec 23, Jun 24, Dec 24, Jun 25, Dec 25 | 5 | Partly, Q6 |
| SAARC and regional cooperation or trade | Unit 14 | Jun 22, Dec 22, Jun 24, Jun 25 | 4 | Yes, Q3 |
| Terrorism and armed conflict | Unit 10 | Jun 22, Dec 22, Dec 23, Dec 24 | 4 | Yes, Q8(b) |
| Security dynamics, including nuclear security | Unit 15 | Jun 22, Dec 23, Jun 24, Dec 24 | 4 | Partly, Q6 |
| Human development, governance and regional imbalance | Unit 7 | Dec 23, Jun 24, Jun 25, Dec 25 | 4 | Yes, Q2 |
| Water disputes and treaties (Indus, Ganga, hydro-politics) | Unit 12 | Jun 22, Dec 22, Jun 24, Jun 25 | 4 | No |
| Civil society, media and Track II diplomacy | Unit 13 | Jun 22, Dec 22, Jun 23, Jun 25 | 4 | No |
| South Asia as a region, nationalism and the colonial past | Units 1 and 2 | Dec 23, Dec 24, Jun 25, Dec 25 | 4 | Yes, Q1 |
| Cold War and great powers in South Asia | Units 1 and 15 | Jun 22, Jun 23, Dec 24 | 3 | No |
| Migration | Unit 8 | Jun 25, Dec 25 | 2 | Yes, Q7 |
| Globalisation | Units 1 and 7 | Dec 23, Dec 25 | 2 | Yes, Q4(b) |
| Transnational crime and trafficking | Units 8 and 10 | Dec 23, Dec 25 | 2 | Yes, Q8(a) |
What June 2026 left out is the sharpest signal on this page. Five of the sixteen themes were skipped, and they include the single most repeated theme on the course. That makes a clear ranked list for December 2026:
- Ethnic conflict, diversity and pluralism — 6 of 8 papers, more than any other theme, and absent from June 2026. Unit 3 produced no question of any kind this session, which doubles the signal. This is the first topic to prepare.
- Afghanistan and the Taliban — 5 of 8, skipped. Unit 6 appeared only through a shared governance question.
- Water disputes and treaties — 4 of 8, skipped, and Unit 12 gave nothing. The Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, the Ganga Water Treaty of 1996 and the Teesta talks are the named material.
- Civil society, media and Track II diplomacy — 4 of 8, skipped, and Unit 13 gave nothing either.
- Cold War and great powers in South Asia — 3 of 8, skipped.
Three units produced nothing at all this session — Units 3, 12 and 13 — and three of the five skipped themes live in exactly those units, so the unit count and the theme count point the same way.
Three themes are on the way up. Migration, globalisation and transnational trafficking each show only 2 of 8 historically, which makes them look minor, but both of their appearances are recent and all three returned in June 2026. Migration has now been set in June 2025, December 2025 and June 2026 — three sessions running, the longest current streak on the course — while globalisation and trafficking have each appeared in two of the last three sessions. Treat their low counts as a sign of recent arrival rather than of neglect by examiners.
Question 2 of June 2026 is almost a copy of Question 7 from December 2025, both asking about development and governance challenges. Repeats like this are why we use these counts to build our IGNOU Solved Guess Paper sets for the next exam.
How our BPSE-144 answers are written and checked
Every BPSE-144 answer is drafted by Prateek Talwar, Academic Head, and checked by Sheetal Kirola against the four eGyanKosh blocks before it goes into the file.
We start with the length the paper prints: about 400 words for an essay and about 200 for each note. Answers open with a direct point, move through short headed sections and end with a conclusion that answers the question in one or two lines.
This is a regional politics paper, so dates, treaties and figures are what earn marks, and every one of them is kept checkable: SAARC's founding at Dhaka in December 1985, SAFTA coming into force in 2006, the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960, the Assam Movement of 1979 to 1985 and the 1.9 million names left off the final Assam NRC in August 2019. Each country is named correctly with its own example, so an answer on Bangladesh never drifts into a general South Asia essay.
Each answer is tagged with its block and unit so you can open the right chapter. The same method runs through our BAPSH Question Paper series, so other Political Science papers in your programme follow the same format.
BPSE-144 June 2026 solved file index
The BPSE-144 file solves all 8 questions; 2 are open on this page and 6 are answered only in the paid file.
BPSE-144 is a theory course with no practical or record work, so this index lists every question with its unit instead.
| Q no. | Topic | Section | Block and unit | Marks | Availability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Colonialism and socio-economic development | I | Block 1, Units 1 and 2 | 20 | Full file only |
| Q2 | Development and governance challenges | I | Block 3, Unit 7 and Block 2, Units 4 to 6 | 20 | Full file only |
| Q3 | Cooperation and competition in SAARC | I | Block 4, Unit 14 | 20 | On this page |
| Q4 | Notes: border disputes; globalisation | I | Block 4, Unit 11 and Block 1, Unit 1 | 2 × 10 = 20 | Full file only |
| Q5 | India's growth and sustainable development | II | Block 3, Units 7 and 9 | 20 | Full file only |
| Q6 | Bangladesh's ties with India and neighbours | II | Block 2, Unit 4 and Block 4, Unit 15 | 20 | Full file only |
| Q7 | Migration, displacement and social cohesion | II | Block 3, Unit 8 | 20 | On this page |
| Q8 | Notes: human trafficking; armed conflicts | II | Block 3, Unit 8 and Block 4, Unit 10 | 2 × 10 = 20 | Full file only |
Because Q4 and Q8 each carry two notes, the eight questions come to ten written answers in the file. Counting by block, Block 4 feeds five questions, Block 3 four, Block 1 three and Block 2 three.
Programmes that study BPSE-144 Introduction to South Asia
The June 2026 BPSE-144 paper is printed for two IGNOU programmes, BAPSH and BAG.
- BAPSH: the IGNOU Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Political Science, where BPSE-144 adds a regional study to courses on Indian politics and international relations.
- BAG: the IGNOU Bachelor of Arts (General), where learners choosing Political Science take the same course and sit the same paper.
Because both groups use the same four blocks, our answers explain terms such as SAFTA, Track II diplomacy and internal displacement the first time they appear.
Order the full BPSE-144 Solved Question Paper on WhatsApp
Message WhatsApp 9899436384 with “BPSE 144 June 2026” and we will send the price and the full solved PDF.
The file covers all 8 questions, giving you 10 written answers because Questions 4 and 8 each have two notes. You have read Q3 and Q7 here; the other 6 questions, from colonialism and India's growth to Bangladesh, trafficking and armed conflict, are in the PDF. The IGNOU BPSE-144 Solved Question Paper is easy to read on a phone.
Our team replies with the price and payment details, and the file is shared on the same chat once you confirm. If you are preparing other Political Science courses in the same session, mention their codes in the same message.
BPSE-144 Introduction to South Asia FAQs
What does the BPSE-144 Solved Question Paper June 2026 contain?
It contains complete answers to all 8 questions of the official BPSE-144 June 2026 term-end paper. Each long answer runs to about 400 words and each short note to about 200 words, as the paper instructs. Questions 4 and 8 have two notes each, so the file holds 10 written answers in all. Every answer is tagged with its block and unit.
How do I get the full BPSE-144 solved file on WhatsApp?
Send a message to WhatsApp 9899436384 with the course code BPSE 144 and the session June 2026. Our team replies with the price and shares the full PDF once you confirm. The file answers all 8 questions, giving 10 written answers because Questions 4 and 8 each have two notes. Only Q3 and Q7 appear on this page, so 6 questions are in the file alone.
How many questions must I attempt in the BPSE-144 exam?
You attempt any 5 of the 8 questions in the BPSE-144 paper, choosing at least 2 from Section I and at least 2 from Section II. Every question carries 20 marks, so the paper totals 100 marks over 3 hours. Long answers should be about 400 words, and each part of a short-note question about 200 words, which comes to roughly 2,000 words in all.
Can I answer four questions from one section of BPSE-144?
No. Each section prints four questions and the paper requires at least two answers from each, so with five answers in total the only possible splits are three from one section and two from the other. If the four topics you have prepared all sit in Section I, you will be able to use only three of them and will still need two from Section II. Check that your revision covers at least three questions in one section and two in the other.
Which block of BPSE-144 should I revise first?
Blocks 3 and 4 between them touch six of the eight June 2026 questions, and adding Block 1 would have covered six full answers, three in each section, which is more than the five you need. Block 2 on society and polity was needed only for Question 2 and Question 6, so it was the one block a learner could have skipped this session. That is also the reason not to skip it next time, because its Unit 3 on diversity holds the most repeated theme on the course.
Which BPSE-144 Introduction to South Asia topics repeat most?
Ethnic conflict and diversity are the strongest repeaters, asked in 6 of the 8 official papers from June 2022 to December 2025. Territorial disputes, Afghanistan and the Taliban, environment and development, and country political structures each appeared in 5 sessions. SAARC and regional cooperation came up in 4. Our repeat-topic table lists the exact sessions for every topic.
Which BPSE-144 topics were skipped in June 2026?
Five of the sixteen themes we track, and the list starts with the most repeated theme on the whole course. Ethnic conflict, diversity and pluralism had appeared in six of eight earlier papers and was absent. Afghanistan and the Taliban had appeared in five and was absent. Water disputes and civil society had four each and were also left out, along with the Cold War and great powers. Units 3, 12 and 13 produced no question at all, which is where three of those five themes live.
Did any BPSE-144 June 2026 question repeat word for word?
Yes. BPSE-144 Question 2 of June 2026, on the development and governance challenges of South Asian countries, is almost identical to Question 7 of December 2025. Question 3 on SAARC follows SAARC questions in June 2024 and June 2025. This shows why studying recent papers pays off, and why the solved file maps each answer to its unit.
Are the BPSE-144 answers written to the IGNOU word limit?
Yes. Every BPSE-144 long answer is planned at about 400 words and every short note at about 200 words, matching the paper's own instructions. Answers open with a direct point, move through headed sections with dates, treaties and South Asian examples, and close with a short conclusion. This keeps them readable within exam time and close to what examiners expect.
Which IGNOU programmes include BPSE-144 Introduction to South Asia?
BPSE-144 is a 6-credit Political Science course from IGNOU's School of Social Sciences. The June 2026 paper is printed for the Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Political Science, code BAPSH, and the Bachelor of Arts (General), code BAG. Both programmes use the same four BPSE-144 blocks, so this solved paper serves students of either one equally well.
How many blocks and units does BPSE-144 have?
BPSE-144 has 4 blocks and 15 units. Block 1 introduces South Asia as a region and its nationalist movements, Block 2 covers diversity and the political systems of all eight countries, Block 3 deals with human development, migration and environment, and Block 4 covers armed conflict, territorial and water disputes, civil society, SAARC and regional security.
Who wrote and reviewed the BPSE-144 solved answers?
The BPSE-144 answers were written by Prateek Talwar, Academic Head of Unnati Educations, and reviewed by Sheetal Kirola before release. Every date, treaty and figure was checked against the eGyanKosh blocks and primary sources rather than repeated from another website, and each answer carries its block and unit reference so you can verify it yourself.
About the authors
This BPSE-144 solved paper was written and reviewed by the Unnati Educations social sciences team, which has prepared IGNOU Political Science answer sets since 2016.
- Prateek Talwar, Academic Head, Unnati Educations. He wrote all ten answers for this paper. He has worked on IGNOU Political Science and international relations material for over nine years and has prepared term-end answer sets across the BPSC, BPSE and BPAC course lists.
- Sheetal Kirola, Reviewer. She checked every answer against the eGyanKosh blocks and the eight earlier official BPSE-144 papers, verified each date, treaty and figure cited in the Section I and Section II samples, and confirmed that every answer matches the word limit printed on its question.
Our answers are written from the official IGNOU course material and past question papers, not copied from other websites. If you find an error on this page, message us on WhatsApp and we will correct it and reissue the file.