BPSC 102 Solved Question Paper June 2026 gives you the official IGNOU term-end paper for Constitutional Government and Democracy in India with exam-length answers written by our political science team. Two answers are open below so you can judge the quality. The other six questions are answered in the full file, which you get on WhatsApp 9899436384.
BPSC 102 key facts for the June 2026 term-end examination
- Course code: BPSC 102
- Course title: Constitutional Government and Democracy in India
- Programme: Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Political Science (BAPSH), Semester 1 core course; also in BAFPS Semester 1
- Credits: 6 (stated in the IGNOU BPSC 102 assignment booklet 2025-26)
- Blocks and units: 3 blocks and 13 units (eGyanKosh): Block 1 Constituent Assembly and Constitution (Units 1 to 6), Block 2 Organs of the Government (Units 7 to 9), Block 3 Federalism and Decentralization (Units 10 to 13)
- Maximum marks: 100 (term-end examination)
- Duration: 3 hours
- Questions in the June 2026 paper: 8 (Q1 to Q4 in Section I, Q5 to Q8 in Section II); 10 answers when the two parts of Q5 and Q6 are counted
- Sample answers on this page: 2 (Q1 and Q2)
- Questions in the paid file: All 8 questions (10 answers); 6 questions are not answered on this page
What the BPSC 102 Solved Question Paper June 2026 covers
BPSC 102 Constitutional Government and Democracy in India is the first-semester core course of IGNOU's BA (Honours) Political Science that studies how the Indian Constitution was made and how its institutions work.
The June 2026 paper tests that whole journey in eight questions: the Constituent Assembly, the freedoms of Articles 19 to 22, Parliament's control over the executive, the President's emergency powers, the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction, the Concurrent List, Article 360, the Fifth Schedule and Panchayati Raj.
You must attempt five questions with at least two from each section, so choosing the right five matters as much as writing them well. If you are collecting every paper of your programme, our BAPSH Question Paper page groups them semester by semester.
One question makes this paper stand out. Q8 asks about Panchayati Raj Institutions in Uttar Pradesh after the 73rd Amendment, a state-level angle that none of the ten earlier BPSC 102 papers we checked had asked. Notes written only at the national level will not be enough for it.
BPSC 102 sample answers: Constituent Assembly and right to freedom
Two Section I questions from the June 2026 paper are answered in full below, each written to the 400-word length the paper asks for.
Read them the way an examiner would: an introduction, numbered points with dates and Articles, a short assessment and a conclusion. Every answer in the full file follows the same structure.
Question 1. Describe the composition of the Constituent Assembly of India.
Answer
The Constituent Assembly that framed India's Constitution was not elected on universal adult franchise. Its size, seat-sharing and method of election were laid down by the Cabinet Mission Plan of May 1946, and its membership changed again after Partition in 1947. Its composition can be explained under the following heads.
1. Total strength under the Cabinet Mission Plan. The Assembly was to have 389 members. Of these, 296 seats went to British India (292 from the Governors' provinces and 4 from the Chief Commissioners' provinces) and 93 to the princely states. Seats were allotted roughly in the ratio of one member for every million people.
2. Seats divided among communities. Each province's seats were split among three communities, General, Muslim and Sikh, in proportion to their population. The Sikh category applied only in Punjab. This followed the pattern of separate electorates in colonial law.
3. Indirect election and nomination. Members from British India were elected by the members of the provincial legislative assemblies, each community voting for its own seats, through proportional representation by single transferable vote. Representatives of the princely states were to be nominated by their rulers.
4. Result of the 1946 elections. In the elections of July and August 1946, the Indian National Congress won 208 seats, the Muslim League 73, and smaller groups and independents 15. The Assembly first met on 9 December 1946 with Dr Sachchidananda Sinha as temporary President.
Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected permanent President on 11 December 1946, and H.C. Mukherjee became Vice-President. The Muslim League boycotted the sittings.
5. Changes after Partition. Under the Mountbatten Plan of 3 June 1947, members from areas that went to Pakistan left the Assembly. Its strength fell to 299: 229 from the provinces and 70 from the princely states. After the Indian Independence Act 1947 it also worked as the Dominion legislature, with G.V. Mavalankar presiding over its legislative sittings.
6. Social composition. The Assembly brought together Jawaharlal Nehru, Sardar Patel, Maulana Azad, Dr B.R. Ambedkar, Alladi Krishnaswami Ayyar and K.M. Munshi, along with members from Scheduled Castes, Anglo-Indians, Parsis, Christians and tribal communities. Fifteen women, among them Sarojini Naidu, Hansa Mehta and Durgabai Deshmukh, took part.
Assessment. Critics argue the Assembly was not fully representative because it was indirectly elected on a limited franchise and dominated by the Congress. Defenders reply that the Congress was itself a broad coalition, and that the deliberate inclusion of minorities and experts gave the Assembly wide legitimacy.
Conclusion. The Assembly's composition combined indirect election, community-wise seat-sharing and nominated members from the states. Despite these limits, it debated for nearly three years, adopted the Constitution on 26 November 1949, and 284 members signed it on 24 January 1950.
Question 2. Explain the right to freedom.
Answer
The right to freedom is grouped under Articles 19 to 22 in Part III of the Constitution. They protect basic liberties and personal life while letting the State impose reasonable restrictions.
1. Article 19: six freedoms of citizens. Article 19(1) originally listed seven freedoms; the right to property in clause (f) was removed by the 44th Amendment in 1978. The six that remain are the freedom of speech and expression, to assemble peaceably and without arms, and to form associations, unions or co-operative societies (co-operatives added by the 97th Amendment, 2011).
The remaining three are the freedom to move freely throughout India, to reside and settle in any part of India, and to practise any profession or carry on any occupation, trade or business.
2. Reasonable restrictions. Clauses (2) to (6) let the State limit these freedoms on stated grounds: sovereignty and integrity of India, security of the State, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, contempt of court, defamation and incitement to an offence. Article 19 is available to citizens only.
3. Article 20: protection in respect of conviction. No person can be punished under an ex post facto criminal law, punished twice for the same offence (double jeopardy), or compelled to be a witness against himself or herself.
4. Article 21: protection of life and personal liberty. No person shall be deprived of life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law. In Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India (1978), the Supreme Court held that this procedure must be just, fair and reasonable.
Article 21 has since been read to include the right to livelihood (Olga Tellis, 1985), the right to privacy (K.S. Puttaswamy, 2017) and the right to a clean environment.
5. Article 21A: right to education. Added by the 86th Amendment in 2002, it requires the State to provide compulsory elementary education, at no charge, to every child aged six to fourteen.
6. Article 22: protection against arrest and detention. An arrested person must be told the grounds of arrest, may consult a lawyer of choice, and must be produced before the nearest magistrate within 24 hours, excluding travel time. For preventive detention, an Advisory Board must approve detention beyond three months, and the detenu must be told the grounds and allowed to make a representation.
7. Freedom during an emergency. Under Article 358, Article 19 is suspended when a national emergency is declared on the ground of war or external aggression. Since the 44th Amendment, Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended even during an emergency (Article 359).
Conclusion. The right to freedom balances liberty with social control, and judicial reading of Article 21 has made it the most dynamic Fundamental Right.
Questions answered only in the full file
These six questions from the June 2026 paper are printed below exactly as IGNOU set them. Their answers are not on this page.
- What are the parliamentary devices to control the executive ? Elaborate.
- Write a note on the emergency powers of the President.
- Write short notes on the following in about 200 words each : (a) Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court (b) Concurrent list
- Write short notes on the following in about 200 words each : (a) Financial Emergency (Article 360) (b) Fifth Schedule
- Trace the evolution of Panchayati Raj in post-independence India (1950-1992).
- Examine PRIs in UP in the post-73rd Amendment era.
Together they span parliamentary control in Q3, emergency powers in Q4, four short notes in Q5 and Q6, and two Panchayati Raj essays in Q7 and Q8. All six are answered at full exam length in the file.
Constitutional Government and Democracy in India syllabus, block and unit wise
BPSC 102 has 3 blocks and 13 units on eGyanKosh: six units on the Constitution and rights, three on the organs of government, and four on federalism and decentralisation.
| Block | Unit | Topics IGNOU tests | June 2026 question |
|---|---|---|---|
| Block 1 | Unit 1 The making of the constitution | Colonial Acts from 1858 to 1935, Cabinet Mission Plan, Objectives Resolution | Q1 Constituent Assembly composition |
| Block 1 | Unit 2 Philosophical premises | Ideological orientation of the framers, philosophical foundations of the Constitution | Not asked (asked in June 2025) |
| Block 1 | Unit 3 Preamble | Values declared in the Preamble, salient features, basic structure doctrine | Not asked (asked in December 2025) |
| Block 1 | Unit 4 Fundamental rights | Right to equality, freedoms of Articles 19 to 22, judicial widening of Article 21 | Q2 right to freedom |
| Block 1 | Unit 5 Directive principles of state policy | Part IV welfare goals, rights versus directives comparison, non-justiciability | Not asked |
| Block 1 | Unit 6 Fundamental duties | Article 51A, origin of the duties, their significance and enforcement | Not asked (asked in 9 of 10 earlier papers) |
| Block 2 | Unit 7 Legislature | Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha composition, law-making procedure, parliamentary privileges | Q3 parliamentary control of the executive |
| Block 2 | Unit 8 Executive | Election of the President, Prime Minister and cabinet, 42nd Amendment and presidential role | Not asked directly |
| Block 2 | Unit 9 Judiciary | Supreme Court jurisdictions, judicial review, public interest litigation | Q5(a) original jurisdiction |
| Block 3 | Unit 10 Division of powers | Seventh Schedule lists, centre-state administrative and financial relations, Sarkaria Commission | Q5(b) Concurrent List |
| Block 3 | Unit 11 Emergency provisions | Types of emergency, their effect on federal balance, the President's role in proclaiming them | Q4 emergency powers and Q6(a) Article 360 |
| Block 3 | Unit 12 Fifth and sixth schedules | Scheduled Areas in states, tribal areas of the Northeast, autonomous district councils | Q6(b) Fifth Schedule |
| Block 3 | Unit 13 Local Self-Governments | Rural local bodies, urban local bodies, 73rd and 74th Amendments | Q7 and Q8 Panchayati Raj |
Our BPSC 102 Study Material follows the same block and unit order, so you can move from any unit in this table straight to its notes.
BPSC 102 question paper pattern and marks split
The June 2026 BPSC 102 paper carries 100 marks over 3 hours, with eight 20-mark questions and a choice of five.
| Part | Questions | Answer length | Marks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Section I | Q1 to Q4: Constituent Assembly, right to freedom, parliamentary control, emergency powers | About 400 words each | 20 each |
| Section II, short notes | Q5 and Q6, each with two parts on courts, lists, Article 360 and the Fifth Schedule | About 200 words per part | 20 each |
| Section II, essays | Q7 and Q8 on Panchayati Raj history and PRIs in Uttar Pradesh | About 400 words each | 20 each |
| Choice rule | Five questions in all, at least two from each section | Five answers | 100 total |
The layout has shifted. From June 2022 to December 2025, every IGNOU BPSC 102 Question Paper placed one short-notes question in each section (Q4 and Q8). In June 2026 both short-notes questions sit in Section II, so Section I is now four full essays.
You can compare this with earlier layouts on our IGNOU Previous Year Question Paper page, which lists past papers course by course.
Topics IGNOU keeps repeating in BPSC 102 (ten papers checked)
Fundamental Duties and Parliament each appeared in nine of the ten official BPSC 102 papers we checked, from December 2020 to December 2025.
| Topic | Papers (of 10) | Sessions where it appeared | In June 2026? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fundamental Duties | 9 | Every session except June 2025 | No |
| Parliament (composition, procedure, Rajya Sabha, privileges) | 9 | Every session except December 2020 | Yes, Q3 |
| Powers and position of the President | 8 | Dec 2020, Jun 2022, Dec 2022, Jun 2023, Jun 2024, Dec 2024, Jun 2025, Dec 2025 | Yes, Q4 |
| Fundamental Rights, including comparisons | 8 | Dec 2020, Dec 2021, Dec 2022, Jun 2023, Dec 2023, Jun 2024, Jun 2025, Dec 2025 | Yes, Q2 |
| Directive Principles of State Policy | 7 | Dec 2020, Dec 2022, Jun 2023, Dec 2023, Jun 2024, Jun 2025, Dec 2025 | No |
| Fifth and Sixth Schedules | 7 | Dec 2020, Dec 2021, Jun 2022, Dec 2022, Jun 2023, Dec 2023, Dec 2024 | Yes, Q6(b) |
| Judicial review and PIL | 6 | Dec 2020, Jun 2022, Dec 2022, Dec 2023, Jun 2024, Dec 2025 | No |
| Local self-government and the 73rd and 74th Amendments | 6 | Dec 2021, Jun 2022, Dec 2022, Jun 2023, Jun 2024, Dec 2024 | Yes, Q7 and Q8 |
| Colonial Acts, Nehru Report, Cripps and Cabinet Missions | 6 | Dec 2020, Dec 2021, Jun 2022, Jun 2023, Dec 2023, Dec 2024 | No |
| Emergency provisions | 5 | Dec 2020, Jun 2022, Jun 2024, Dec 2024, Dec 2025 | Yes, Q4 and Q6(a) |
| Constituent Assembly | 5 | Dec 2020, Dec 2022, Dec 2023, Dec 2024, Dec 2025 | Yes, Q1 |
| Federalism and centre-state relations | 5 | Dec 2020, Dec 2021, Jun 2023, Dec 2023, Dec 2024 | Yes, Q5(b) |
| Preamble and salient features | 5 | Jun 2022, Jun 2023, Dec 2023, Jun 2024, Dec 2025 | No |
| Supreme Court powers and jurisdiction | 4 | Jun 2022, Dec 2024, Jun 2025, Dec 2025 | Yes, Q5(a) |
| Philosophy of the Constitution | 3 | Dec 2021, Jun 2024, Jun 2025 | No |
The ten papers are December 2020, December 2021, June 2022, December 2022, June 2023, December 2023, June 2024, December 2024, June 2025 and December 2025, all from ignou.ac.in or webservices.ignou.ac.in. We could not find an official June 2021 paper, so it is not counted.
Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles were both skipped in June 2026 despite their record, so treat them as strong revision picks. Our IGNOU Important Questions page collects such high-repeat topics for other courses too.
BPSC 102 solved file index: what is on this page and what is in the file
The full BPSC 102 file answers all 8 questions (10 answers counting parts); 2 are on this page and 6 are in the file only.
| Question | Topic | Course unit | Where to read it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Composition of the Constituent Assembly | Unit 1 The making of the constitution | On this page |
| Q2 | Right to freedom | Unit 4 Fundamental rights | On this page |
| Q3 | Parliamentary devices to control the executive | Unit 7 Legislature | Full file only |
| Q4 | Emergency powers of the President | Unit 11 Emergency provisions | Full file only |
| Q5(a) | Original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court | Unit 9 Judiciary | Full file only |
| Q5(b) | Concurrent List | Unit 10 Division of powers | Full file only |
| Q6(a) | Financial Emergency (Article 360) | Unit 11 Emergency provisions | Full file only |
| Q6(b) | Fifth Schedule | Unit 12 Fifth and sixth schedules | Full file only |
| Q7 | Evolution of Panchayati Raj, 1950 to 1992 | Unit 13 Local Self-Governments | Full file only |
| Q8 | PRIs in Uttar Pradesh after the 73rd Amendment | Unit 13 Local Self-Governments | Full file only |
How our BPSC 102 answers are written and checked
Every BPSC 102 answer is written by Prateek Talwar and reviewed by Sheetal Kirola before it goes into the file.
We start from the official June 2026 paper, map each question to its course unit, and check how IGNOU has phrased the same topic in the ten earlier papers. That tells us which points an examiner expects to see and which side angles score extra.
Each answer in the BPSC 102 Solved Question Paper is sized to the paper's own limit: about 400 words for essays and about 200 words for each short-note part. Article numbers, amendment numbers, case names and dates are checked against the text of the Constitution before review.
Answers are written in plain English with numbered points, so you can revise them quickly and reproduce the structure in the exam hall.
Programmes that study Constitutional Government and Democracy in India
BPSC 102 is a Semester 1 core course in IGNOU's BAPSH and is also listed in Semester 1 of the NEP-based BA (Political Science) programme, BAFPS.
- BAPSH: Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Political Science, Semester 1 core course
- BAFPS: Bachelor of Arts (Political Science), Semester 1
- BAM: BA Multidisciplinary learners with Political Science, as named on the January 2024 BPSC 102 assignment booklet
If you are enrolled in the Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Political Science programme, BPSC 102 sits beside BPSC 101 Understanding Political Theory in your first semester, and its ideas return in BPSC 104 Political Process in India.
IGNOU lists the full course structure, with semester placement for BPSC 102, on its official BAPSH programme page.
Get the full BPSC 102 Solved Question Paper on WhatsApp
Message WhatsApp 9899436384 with "BPSC 102 June 2026" to get the full file with all 8 questions and 10 answers.
The IGNOU BPSC 102 Solved Question Paper file contains the two answers you read above plus the six questions that are locked on this page, including both Panchayati Raj essays and all four short notes.
- Send "BPSC 102 June 2026" on WhatsApp to 9899436384.
- Our team confirms the file and shares the details with you.
- You receive the complete PDF on WhatsApp.
BPSC 102 FAQs
What is inside the BPSC 102 Solved Question Paper June 2026 file?
The file has the complete official June 2026 paper for Constitutional Government and Democracy in India with answers to all 8 questions, which makes 10 answers once the two parts of Q5 and Q6 are counted. Essays run to about 400 words and short notes to about 200 words each, matching the limits printed on the IGNOU paper.
How do I get the full BPSC 102 answers on WhatsApp?
Send "BPSC 102 June 2026" on WhatsApp to 9899436384. Our team confirms your request and shares the complete PDF there. The file answers all 8 questions of the June 2026 paper, 10 answers in total, including the 6 questions whose answers are not shown on this page, such as both Panchayati Raj essays and the four short notes.
Which BPSC 102 answers can I read on this page?
Two full answers are open on this page: Q1 on the composition of the Constituent Assembly of India and Q2 on the right to freedom under Articles 19 to 22. Both come from Section I and are written to the 400-word length. The other 6 questions are listed as printed, and their answers are only in the full file.
Is BPSC 102 a compulsory course in IGNOU BAPSH?
Yes. BPSC 102 Constitutional Government and Democracy in India is a core course in Semester 1 of the BA (Honours) Political Science programme, and IGNOU's assignment booklet describes it as a six-credit course. It is also listed in Semester 1 of BAFPS, the NEP-based BA (Political Science) programme, so learners in both programmes sit this paper.
Which topics repeat most in BPSC 102 papers?
Fundamental Duties and Parliament each appeared in nine of the ten official BPSC 102 papers we checked, from December 2020 to December 2025. The President's powers and Fundamental Rights came up in eight, while Directive Principles and the Fifth and Sixth Schedules came up in seven. Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles were both skipped in June 2026.
How long should a BPSC 102 answer be in the exam?
The June 2026 BPSC 102 paper asks for about 400 words for each full question and about 200 words for each part of a short-notes question. Every question carries 20 marks, and you attempt five in three hours, with at least two from each section. Our answers follow these limits so you can practise writing at real exam length.
What is new in the June 2026 BPSC 102 paper?
The June 2026 BPSC 102 paper asked about PRIs in Uttar Pradesh after the 73rd Amendment, a state-level question not seen in the ten earlier papers we checked. Both short-notes questions also moved into Section II, so Section I now has four full essays. The Concurrent List and Article 360 appeared as separate short notes.
Who writes and checks the BPSC 102 answers?
Prateek Talwar writes the BPSC 102 answers and Sheetal Kirola reviews them before they go into the file. Each answer is mapped to its course unit, compared with how IGNOU framed the topic in earlier papers, and checked for Article numbers, amendment numbers, case names and dates against the text of the Constitution of India.