BECE 146 Solved Guess Paper is built for IGNOU BAG students who have to clear Indian Economy-II and do not have four blocks worth of reading time left. Instead of handing you the whole textbook again, this paper narrows the course down to twelve questions that the term end paper keeps returning to, and gives each one a written answer you can actually reproduce in the exam hall.
Everything on this page comes from one source: the fifteen page guess paper PDF our economics team prepared for the June 2026 and December 2026 sessions of BECE 146. Five of those twelve questions, with their full answers, are printed below so you can judge the writing quality before you ask for anything.
BECE 146 Indian Economy-II Guess Paper Key Facts
- Course code and title: BECE 146, Indian Economy-II
- Programme: Bachelor of Arts General (BAG), Economics discipline
- Sessions targeted: June 2026 and December 2026 term end examination
- Questions in the guess paper: 12 questions with complete solved answers
- Shown on this page: 5 questions with answers, 7 remaining in the PDF
- Course structure: 4 blocks, 12 units
- Term end paper: 100 marks, 3 hours, Sections A, B and C
- Past papers analysed: 6 papers, June 2023 to December 2025
- PDF length: 15 pages
- Medium: English
Quick reference facts for the BECE 146 Indian Economy-II guess paper and term end examination
BECE 146 Guess Paper 2026 Overview for Indian Economy-II
The BECE 146 guess paper for 2026 contains twelve questions with full written answers, mapped across all four blocks of Indian Economy-II and targeted at both the June 2026 and December 2026 term end examinations.
BECE 146 is the second half of the Indian economy sequence in the BAG Economics discipline. It moves away from theory and into policy: monetary and fiscal policy, trade and FDI, labour regulation, agriculture, industry and services. That makes the paper unusually predictable, because policy questions are anchored to named Acts, committees and resolutions that do not change year to year.
Predictability is the whole reason a guess paper works here. Monetary policy and fiscal policy have appeared in every one of the last six papers. The services sector characteristics question has appeared in every one of the last six papers. Once you have seen that pattern, preparing twelve questions properly beats skimming twelve units badly.
If you are collecting exam material for more than one course this session, our wider IGNOU Solved Guess Paper collection has the same format built for other course codes, so you can keep one revision method across your whole semester.
BECE 146 Sample Questions with Solved Answers
Five of the twelve BECE 146 questions are reproduced below in full, one from each answer length in the paper, so you can check the depth and structure before requesting the remaining seven.
These are not summaries or bullet skeletons. Each one is the complete answer as it appears in the PDF, written to the word count the marks demand, opening with a definition, moving through numbered points and closing with an evaluative line. Read one and you will know exactly what the other seven look like.
Sample 1. Monetary Policy, Instruments and Growth (20 marks)
Question: What do you mean by monetary policy? Explain its instruments. How does it contribute to economic growth in an economy?
Meaning of Monetary Policy
Monetary policy covers the overall monetary management of an economy. The responsibility for conducting it rests with the central bank, which in India is the Reserve Bank of India.
Broad Macroeconomic Objectives
The RBI regulates money supply to achieve three basic objectives. First, to ensure the money supply needed for economic expansion, that is, to raise output. Second, to stabilise prices while raising output, that is, to control inflation. Third, to protect the rupee from excessive appreciation or depreciation, that is, exchange rate stability.
The Sukhamoy Chakravarty Committee of 1980 added a further role, namely the creation of new monetary and financial institutions for the orderly development of the money market.
Instruments of Monetary Policy
Quantitative measures modulate the credit creating capacity of banks. Qualitative measures direct the flow of credit towards desired sectors through priority lending.
- Cash Reserve Ratio. The fraction of aggregate deposits banks must keep as liquid cash with the RBI. This is the primary reserve requirement.
- Statutory Liquidity Ratio. The secondary reserve requirement, which also protects the solvency of the banking system.
- Bank Rate. The rate at which the RBI lends to banks. Raising it contracts credit and reduces money supply.
- Repo and Reverse Repo Rates. Short term lending and borrowing rates used to manage inflation and liquidity.
- Open Market Operations. Sale and purchase of government securities by the central bank.
- Other measures. Credit rationing, margin requirements on loans and moral suasion.
Contribution to Economic Growth
Through the monetary transmission mechanism, an easy monetary policy lowers the nominal interest rate. That raises private investment and consumption, and under less than full employment conditions it lifts aggregate demand and GDP.
Monetary policy also supports exports through cheaper export credit, employment through the multiplier effect, and equity through priority sector lending. Post 2000 measures strengthened this role: the Liquidity Adjustment Facility in 2000, the Market Stabilisation Scheme in 2004, the Marginal Standing Facility in 2011 and the Monetary Policy Framework Agreement of 2015 targeting four per cent CPI inflation.
Conclusion. Managed by the RBI through quantitative and qualitative tools, monetary policy secures price and exchange rate stability while stimulating output, employment and equitable growth.
Sample 2. Services Sector Characteristics and GDP Share (20 marks)
Question: State the basic characteristics of the services sector. Give reasons for the higher contribution of the services sector in GDP.
Meaning of the Services Sector
The services sector is made up of entities that earn revenue by selling products or offering services. It is largely a non commodity producing sector and is therefore distinct from the primary and secondary sectors.
Basic Characteristics
- Non transferability. A service is produced for a particular person or group and the recipient cannot transfer it to somebody else, as with banking, health and education. The implication is heterogeneity, because services are produced differently for different persons and cannot be produced in bulk.
- Non storability. Services cannot be stored for future use in the way manufactured goods can. Skilled manpower therefore becomes the basic requirement of the sector.
Share in GDP and Growth Profile
At independence the services share in GDP was below thirty per cent, at 29.8 per cent in 1950. It rose to 54.3 per cent by 2019, the highest of the three sectors, displacing the earlier primacy of agriculture, which fell to roughly sixteen per cent while industry stood at about thirty per cent.
Its employment share, however, is only around thirty two per cent. India is an outlier because its services share in GDP is close to twice its share in employment.
Reasons for the Higher Contribution to GDP
- The 1991 reforms, which brought greater privatisation, removal of FDI restrictions and simplified approval procedures.
- International exposure through globalisation, which opened the sector to the world economy.
- Availability of skilled manpower, giving India a comparative advantage on wages.
- Developments in communications, which allowed India to capture services outsourced from developed countries.
- Technological progress, which raised the growth potential of the sector.
Because of these factors India's structural shift moved straight from agriculture to services, skipping the manufacturing led transition seen in East Asia.
Conclusion. Defined by non transferability and non storability, the services sector has become the largest contributor to India's GDP on the strength of post 1991 reforms, skilled manpower and communications, although its employment absorption still needs policy attention.
Sample 3. Fiscal Policy Objectives and Instruments (12 marks)
Question: State the objectives of fiscal policy. Identify and explain the instruments of fiscal policy in India.
Meaning of Fiscal Policy
Fiscal policy is the policy of the government relating to taxes, government spending and government borrowing, adopted to attain stability and a desired level of growth in the economy.
Objectives
- Mobilising resources through taxation and borrowing.
- Maintaining price stability.
- Providing incentives for private sector growth.
- Reducing inequality of income and wealth.
Types of Fiscal Policy
Keynes treated fiscal policy as an instrument of intervention. Expansionary fiscal policy raises expenditure or cuts taxes to boost demand during a recession. Contractionary fiscal policy cuts expenditure or raises taxes to curb demand during high inflation.
Instruments of Fiscal Policy
- Taxation. Direct taxes such as personal and corporate income tax, and indirect taxes such as excise, service tax and customs. The policy objective is a rising share of direct taxes.
- Expenditure. Revenue and capital expenditure, together with funds transferred to the states. Over time capital expenditure should rise and revenue expenditure should fall.
- Debt. The government borrows by issuing bonds when revenue falls short. The FRBM Act of 2003 caps the central fiscal deficit below three per cent of GDP.
Conclusion. Through taxation, expenditure and debt, fiscal policy mobilises resources, stabilises prices and reduces inequality, and it must be coordinated with monetary policy if results are to hold.
Sample 4. Competition Commission of India, Functions and Challenges (12 marks)
Question: State the functions of the Competition Commission of India. What challenges are being faced by the CCI?
Meaning
The Competition Commission of India was set up to replace the Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission, to eliminate practices that adversely affect competition and to protect the interests of consumers.
It was created under the Competition Act of 2002, established in 2003, and became fully functional by 2009. It is a quasi judicial body.
Functions
- Acting as a market regulator that curbs anti competitive behaviour capable of distorting competition.
- Prohibiting abuse of a dominant position by an enterprise or a group.
- Regulating mergers and acquisitions that may have an adverse effect on competition.
- Creating awareness and imparting training on competition issues through advocacy.
Challenges
- The legality of CCI orders has been questioned, and COMPAT has struck down several orders for violating the principle of natural justice.
- It can encroach on the functional domain of sector regulators such as the RBI and SEBI.
- It needs to streamline its processes, since the time taken to clear merger filings has doubled.
- It is often seen as a hurdle to doing business and must establish itself as a promoter of fair competition instead.
Conclusion. As successor to the MRTPC, the CCI regulates competition, dominance and mergers, but it must cut delays and settle jurisdictional and natural justice concerns before it can be fully effective.
Sample 5. Marginal Standing Facility, Short Note (6 marks)
Question: Write a short note in about 100 to 150 words on the Marginal Standing Facility.
The Marginal Standing Facility is a window created by the Reserve Bank of India in 2011 under the Liquidity Adjustment Facility, through which banks can borrow overnight funds against approved government securities.
- It is a form of emergency lending, offered at a rate higher than the repo rate.
- Its purpose is to reduce overnight volatility in inter bank lending rates.
- Before the MSF existed, inter bank borrowing was the only route available to meet overnight fund requirements.
Note that Section C carries two short notes of six marks each and has appeared in every one of the last six papers, which makes it the cheapest twelve marks in the whole paper.
Those five cover a 20 mark answer, two 12 mark answers and one 6 mark note, so you have seen every answer length the BECE 146 paper asks for. The remaining seven questions follow the identical structure.
All 12 Questions Covered in the BECE 146 Guess Paper
The BECE 146 guess paper contains twelve questions in total: five are printed on this page with full answers and seven more are in the complete PDF.
The table below is the actual contents list of the paper. Each row names the topic, the block it comes from, the marks it usually carries and the priority band assigned to it after the frequency analysis.
| Question | Topic | Block and section | Marks | Priority | On this page |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Monetary policy, meaning, instruments and contribution to growth | Block 1, Section A | 20 | High | Shown in full |
| Q2 | Services sector, basic characteristics and reasons for its GDP share | Block 4, Section A | 20 | High | Shown in full |
| Q3 | Small scale industries, theoretical rationale and the 2017 policy package for tiny units | Block 3, Section A | 20 | High | In the PDF |
| Q4 | Fiscal policy, objectives and instruments in India | Block 1, Section B | 12 | High | Shown in full |
| Q5 | FDI policy of India since 1991 and its three phases | Blocks 1 and 4, Section B | 12 | High | In the PDF |
| Q6 | Agrarian relations, features and changes since independence | Block 2, Section B | 12 | High | In the PDF |
| Q7 | Competition Commission of India, functions and challenges | Block 3, Section B | 12 | High | Shown in full |
| Q8 | National Policy for Farmers 2007, critical examination and salient features | Block 2, Section B | 12 | Medium | In the PDF |
| Q9 | Employment relations and the labour laws that govern them | Block 1, Section B | 12 | Medium | In the PDF |
| Q10 | Problems of Indian agriculture despite food self sufficiency, and the role of capital investment | Block 2, Section B | 12 | High | In the PDF |
| Q11 | Industrial Policy Resolution 1956 compared with the New Industrial Policy of 1991 | Block 3, Section B | 12 | High | In the PDF |
| Q12 | Short notes on MSME sector, land leasing, Marginal Standing Facility and disguised unemployment | Blocks 1 to 3, Section C | 6 + 6 | High | One note shown |
Read down that list and the design becomes obvious. Three 20 mark questions cover Section A, eight questions cover Section B against a requirement of four, and the compulsory short note set covers Section C with a choice of four notes.
Block Wise and Unit Wise Index of BECE 146 Indian Economy-II
BECE 146 Indian Economy-II is organised into four blocks containing twelve units in total, and every question in the guess paper is mapped to one of them.
A short note on terminology before the table. BECE 146 is a theory course, so it carries no practical file and no lab record. What sits in place of a practical index here is the unit index below, and that is the list you should tick off as you revise.
| Block | Unit | Unit title | Questions drawn from this unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Block 1: Macro Economic Policies | Unit 1 | Monetary Policy | Q1 monetary policy and instruments, Q12(c) Marginal Standing Facility |
| Block 1: Macro Economic Policies | Unit 2 | Fiscal Policy | Q4 objectives and instruments of fiscal policy, FRBM Act |
| Block 1: Macro Economic Policies | Unit 3 | Trade and Investment Policy | Q5 FDI policy since 1991, automatic route and sectoral caps |
| Block 1: Macro Economic Policies | Unit 4 | Labour Laws and Regulations | Q9 employment relations, Trade Unions Act, Industrial Disputes Act |
| Block 2: Agricultural Sector | Unit 5 | Performance of Agricultural Sector | Q10 problems of Indian agriculture, productivity and irrigation |
| Block 2: Agricultural Sector | Unit 6 | Agrarian Relations and Market Linkages | Q6 sharecropping, labour tenancy, reverse tenancy, Q12(b) land leasing |
| Block 2: Agricultural Sector | Unit 7 | Capital Formation and Productivity | Q10 second part, capital investment and farm mechanisation |
| Block 2: Agricultural Sector | Unit 8 | Agricultural Policy | Q8 National Policy for Farmers 2007, e-NAM, PMFBY, FPOs |
| Block 3: Industrial Sector | Unit 9 | Industrial Policy and Growth | Q11 IPR 1956 and NIP 1991, Q7 Competition Commission of India |
| Block 3: Industrial Sector | Unit 10 | Small Scale Industries | Q3 rationale for SSI promotion and the 2017 package, Q12(a) MSME sector |
| Block 4: Services Sector | Unit 11 | Characteristics of the Services Sector | Q2 non transferability, non storability and GDP share |
| Block 4: Services Sector | Unit 12 | Policy Issues in the Services Sector | Q2 second part, reforms and outsourcing, Q5 services FDI |
Notice that Blocks 1 and 2 hold four units each while Blocks 3 and 4 hold two each, yet the question load is spread almost evenly. That is why students who revise block by block run out of time on Block 4 and lose an easy 20 mark answer. The official unit files are on eGyanKosh if you want to read a unit alongside its answer, and our own BECE 146 Study Material page keeps the same block order.
How the BECE 146 Guess Paper Was Built from Past Papers
Six BECE 146 term end papers from June 2023 to December 2025 were tabulated topic by topic, and only topics that repeated or that filled a recent syllabus gap were carried into the guess paper.
The method is deliberately unglamorous. Every question from every paper was stripped down to its topic, matched to a block and unit, and entered into a grid with one column per session. Once six columns were filled, the repeat pattern showed itself without any guesswork.
Topics appearing four or more times, or appearing in the most recent paper after a gap, were marked high priority. Topics appearing twice or three times became medium. Single appearances were logged and then left out of the twelve, because carrying them would have diluted the paper into a second textbook.
Answers were then written against the official IGNOU units rather than from memory or from other websites, so the definitions, the committee names and the figures line up with what the examiner has in front of them. Where a figure appears in the answer, such as the 54.3 per cent services share or the eight aims of the National Policy for Farmers, it comes from the unit itself.
If you want to run the same check yourself, pull the actual papers from our IGNOU Previous Year Question Paper archive and compare them against the frequency grid in the next section. The pattern holds.
Topic Frequency in BECE 146 Papers from June 2023 to December 2025
Monetary policy, fiscal policy, the services sector and the Section C short notes appeared in all six BECE 146 papers between June 2023 and December 2025, making them the four safest topics in the course.
The grid below is the analysis the guess paper was built from. A tick means the topic was examined in that session. IGNOU runs only June and December term end examinations, so these six columns are the complete record for that three year window.
| Topic | Jun 23 | Dec 23 | Jun 24 | Dec 24 | Jun 25 | Dec 25 | Priority |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monetary policy and instruments | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Fiscal policy objectives and instruments | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Services sector features and GDP share | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Section C short notes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Small scale industries and the 2017 package | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| FDI and FII policy | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Problems of Indian agriculture | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Agrarian relations and tenancy | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | High |
| Competition Commission of India | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | High |
| Market reforms, FPOs and land lease | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | High |
| Industrial policy, IPR 1956 and NIP 1991 | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes | High |
| Labour laws and employment relations | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Medium |
| National Policy for Farmers 2007 | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | Medium |
| Bilateralism and multilateralism | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | Medium |
| Social security for unorganised workers | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Medium |
| Subsidy and the WTO | No | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Medium |
| Convertibility and deficit of accounts | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | No | Medium |
| Export led growth | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Medium |
| Commercialisation and commoditisation | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Medium |
| Recession and monetary policy response | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | Medium |
| Globalisation | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Low |
| Capital output ratio | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Low |
Two things follow from this grid. Eleven topics sit in the high band and those eleven feed the twelve questions in the paper. The four low and thin medium entries, such as globalisation and the capital output ratio, are the ones to keep as backup reading and nothing more.
BECE 146 Exam Pattern and Answer Writing Strategy
The BECE 146 term end paper carries 100 marks in 3 hours, split into Section A with two 20 mark answers, Section B with four 12 mark answers and Section C with two 6 mark short notes.
| Section | Choice | Marks each | Section total | Word target |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Section A | Answer any two of four | 20 | 40 | 450 to 600 words |
| Section B | Answer any four of seven | 12 | 48 | 300 to 350 words |
| Section C | Any two short notes of four | 6 | 12 | 100 to 150 words |
On strategy, attempt Section C first. Two short notes at six marks each are the fastest twelve marks on the paper and banking them early removes the time pressure that usually wrecks the last Section B answer.
Open every answer with a clear definition and name its source, whether that is a scholar, a committee or an Act with its year. Examiners for this paper reward attribution heavily, because the course is policy driven and vague answers are indistinguishable from guesswork.
Use the exact figures from the units, pair each concept with an Indian policy example such as the FRBM Act, the MSMED Act or e-NAM, and close with one evaluative line rather than a restatement. Long unbroken paragraphs score worse than tight numbered points at the same word count.
There are also things not worth over preparing. Numerical money supply derivations, exhaustive lists of every labour Act and every sub scheme under agricultural policy have not carried marks in the last six papers. Know the idea and move on.
Who Should Use This BECE 146 Solved Guess Paper
This paper is built for BAG Economics students with limited revision time who need a defensible shortlist rather than complete syllabus coverage.
It suits you if your exam is four to six weeks away and you have not opened the blocks yet, if you have already failed or missed BECE 146 once and want a focused second attempt, or if you are working and can only give the course an hour a day.
It suits you less if you are aiming for a distinction across the whole BAG Economics discipline. In that case treat the twelve questions as your guaranteed base and read the remaining units around them, because a guess paper protects your pass and the blocks protect your percentage.
Students who are preparing several courses at once usually pick up the matching BAG Guess Paper set for their other codes, since the answer structure stays identical and revision transfers across subjects.
How to Get the Complete BECE 146 Solved Guess Paper
Message Unnati Educations on WhatsApp at 9899436384 with your course code and session, and the complete fifteen page PDF with all twelve solved answers is sent to you directly.
Five questions are already on this page. The other seven, covering small scale industries, FDI policy since 1991, agrarian relations, the National Policy for Farmers, labour laws, the problems of Indian agriculture and the IPR 1956 comparison, are in the file.
Tell us which session you are appearing for, June 2026 or December 2026, and whether you need English or Hindi medium, and you will get the correct version rather than a generic link. If a question in your paper is not covered, message the same number and our economics team will respond.
Get the full BECE 146 guess paper
Message the course code and your session on WhatsApp and the complete fifteen page PDF is shared on the same chat.
BECE 146 Indian Economy-II Guess Paper Questions Students Ask
What is included in the BECE 146 Solved Guess Paper for 2026?
The BECE 146 paper includes twelve questions with complete written answers across all four blocks of Indian Economy-II. Each answer carries its block mapping, mark value, word target and the sessions in which the topic last appeared. The file also contains an exam pattern guide, a list of topics not worth over preparing and a frequency grid covering six previous term end papers.
Is the BECE 146 guess paper valid for both the June 2026 and December 2026 sessions?
Yes. IGNOU conducts term end examinations for BECE 146 in June and December only, and both 2026 sessions draw from the same four block syllabus. The twelve questions were selected because they repeat across sessions rather than because they suit one sitting. The same file therefore works for whichever of the two sessions you have registered for.
How many questions does the BECE 146 Indian Economy-II guess paper contain?
Twelve in total. Three are 20 mark Section A answers, eight are 12 mark Section B answers and one is the compulsory Section C short note set containing four notes of six marks each. Five of the twelve appear in full on this page as samples and the remaining seven are supplied in the fifteen page PDF on request.
Are the BECE 146 answers written from the official IGNOU study material?
Yes. Every answer was written against the official BECE 146 units hosted on eGyanKosh, so definitions, committee names, Act years and statistics match what the examiner expects. Nothing in it was lifted from unverified websites or from other coaching sites. Where a figure appears, such as the services sector share of GDP, it is traceable to the unit it came from.
Which blocks of BECE 146 Indian Economy-II does the guess paper cover?
All four. Block 1 on macro economic policies supplies monetary policy, fiscal policy, FDI and labour laws. Block 2 on the agricultural sector supplies agrarian relations, farm problems and the National Policy for Farmers. Block 3 on industry supplies industrial policy, small scale industries and the Competition Commission. Block 4 supplies the services sector questions.
Can I pass BECE 146 by studying only this guess paper?
Most students who prepare all twelve questions properly clear the paper, because the selection covers every section and the topics repeat heavily. That said, no guess paper can guarantee a result. Treat it as your priority list, write the answers out by hand at least once, and read the remaining units afterwards if time allows rather than instead.
Is the BECE 146 guess paper available in Hindi medium?
The English version is ready now. For Hindi medium, message the number on this page with your enrolment details and our team will confirm current availability before you commit to it. The BECE 146 study material itself exists on eGyanKosh in both English and Hindi, so answer structure and terminology remain the same across the two mediums.
How do I receive the complete BECE 146 guess paper after contacting Unnati Educations?
Send a WhatsApp message to 9899436384 stating your course code, your programme and the session you are appearing for. Our team confirms the details and sends the fifteen page PDF directly in that chat. If any part of an answer is unclear once you start revising, reply in the same conversation and you will get a clarification from the economics team.
Ask a question about BECE 146
Message us on WhatsApp and the economics team will reply in the same chat.