NIOS Class 12 Biology Important Questions (2026): Complete Exam Preparation Guide

NIOS Class 12 Biology 314 Important Questions 2026 – Chapter-Wise Objective Question Bank

Most students who do well in Biology have one thing in common — they practised questions, not just notes. If you are appearing for NIOS Class 12 Biology (Code 314) in 2026 and want to know which objective questions actually come in the exam chapter by chapter, this page is built exactly for that. Sample questions with answers are here. For the complete solution booklet, reach Unnati Education at 9654279279 or 9899436384.

NIOS Biology 314 – Quick Subject Overview

What Are NIOS Class 12 Biology 314 Important Questions for 2026?

Here is something most students find out a little too late. Reading Biology and answering Biology are two different things. You can spend an hour reading about bacterial conjugation, feel like you have it covered, and still pick the wrong option when flagellum and pili are sitting next to each other in an MCQ. That gap — between understanding and answering — is exactly what objective question practice closes. Biology 314 is a big subject. Five modules, 31 lessons, covering everything from cell structure and plant physiology to genetics, ecology, and immunology. The exam does not test all of it equally. Some chapters come back every year. Some specific facts get tested in multiple formats across different papers. This page gives you sample questions from the actual Unnati Education booklet so you can see what those questions look like — and how precise they actually are.

Module I – Diversity and Evolution of Life

Lesson 2 – The Kingdoms Monera, Protoctista and Fungi

Bacterial questions in this lesson tend to be very specific. Not "what is a bacterium" but "which structure is involved in conjugation" — and four structures are given, all of which are real parts of a bacterial cell. Students who read broadly tend to guess. Students who practised questions tend to know.

Students who need a NIOS Class 12 TMA for Biology 314 solved accurately and ready for submission can get it from Unnati Education in both typed and handwritten formats.

Sample Questions

Which structure in a bacterium is directly involved in the transfer of genetic material during conjugation? A. Flagellum B. Pili C. Mesosome D. Ribosome
Answer: B

Which bacterial species is used in the production of curd? A. Rhizobium B. Lactobacillus C. Azotobacter D. Salmonella
Answer: B

Fill in the Blank The bacterial cell wall is primarily composed of __________.
Answer: peptidoglycan

Pili form a physical bridge between two bacteria for DNA transfer during conjugation. Flagella are for movement, mesosomes for respiration, and ribosomes for protein synthesis. Knowing what each structure actually does makes this question take seconds.

Lesson 3 – Kingdoms Plantae and Animalia

One question type here that repeats every cycle — bryophytes and vascular tissue. Bryophytes have no xylem and no phloem. That makes them non-vascular. The exam tests this in both MCQ and true-or-false format, and every year students lose this mark by confusing bryophytes with pteridophytes.

Sample Questions

Which type of tissue is completely absent in bryophytes? A. Phloem B. Collenchyma C. Vascular tissue D. Parenchyma
Answer: C

In bryophytes, the dominant and photosynthetic phase is: A. Sporophyte B. Zygote C. Gametophyte D. Spore
Answer: C

True or False Bryophytes depend on water for fertilisation.
Answer: True

Lesson 5 – Tissues and Other Levels of Organisation

Sclerenchyma being made of dead cells with lignin-thickened walls is one of those facts that gets tested so often it should feel automatic. Lateral meristem being responsible for thickness increase in dicots is another. Both appear as direct MCQs almost every year.

Sample Questions

Which simple permanent plant tissue is made of dead cells with lignified thick walls? A. Parenchyma B. Collenchyma C. Sclerenchyma D. Phloem
Answer: C

Which meristematic tissue is responsible for increasing the thickness of stems and roots in dicots? A. Apical meristem B. Lateral meristem C. Intercalary meristem D. Parenchyma
Answer: B

Fill in the Blank Collenchyma provides __________ support to growing plant parts through thickened corners.
Answer: mechanical

Module II – Forms and Functions of Plants and Animals

Lesson 6 – Root System and Lesson 10 – Nitrogen Metabolism

Roots lack chlorophyll, grow away from light (negatively phototropic), and grow towards water (positively hydrotropic). The tap root grows from the radicle. All four of these facts are tested as direct objective questions and none of them require deep reading — just accurate recall.

Students who want the complete NIOS Class 12 Important Questions booklet for Biology 314 with solutions for all 31 lessons can get it from Unnati Education.

Sample Questions

Which of the following features is not characteristic of a root? A. Absence of nodes and internodes B. Presence of chlorophyll C. Positively hydrotropic D. Negatively phototropic
Answer: B

The major nitrogenous compound directly absorbed by plants from the soil is: A. Urea B. Ammonia C. Nitrate D. Nitrogen gas
Answer: C

Fill in the Blank Leghemoglobin contains globin produced by the __________ and heme produced by Rhizobium.
Answer: plant (legume root)

The leghemoglobin question is one many students get wrong because they think Rhizobium produces the whole structure. It does not. The plant provides the globin and Rhizobium provides the heme. A shared product of a symbiotic relationship — and that is the exact detail the exam tests.

Lesson 11 – Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is tested harder than most lessons in the objective section. Chlorophyll-a, photosystems, pheophytin as the primary electron acceptor in PSII, and the sites of different reactions — all of these appear. The most trap-heavy question here is the "incorrect statement" format about chlorophyll-a. Chlorophyll-a is not present in photosynthetic bacteria like green sulphur bacteria. Students assume it is universal. That assumption costs the mark.

Students who want past NIOS exam papers can get NIOS Class 12 question paper collections for Biology 314 from Unnati Education, covering multiple exam cycles.

Sample Questions

Which statement is incorrect about chlorophyll-a? A. It is present in all autotrophic organisms including photosynthetic bacteria B. It reflects green light and absorbs red and blue wavelengths C. It acts as the reaction centre in photosystems D. It absorbs light maximally at 700 nm in PSI and 680 nm in PSII
Answer: A

The specific primary electron acceptor in Photosystem II is: A. Ferredoxin B. Plastocyanin C. Pheophytin D. Plastoquinone
Answer: C

Fill in the Blank The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the __________ of the chloroplast.
Answer: stroma

True or False P680 is the reaction centre of Photosystem I.
Answer: False

Lesson 12 – Respiration in Plants

The ATP number question appears every year without exception. The electron transport chain produces 34 out of the total 38 ATP molecules in aerobic respiration. Glycolysis gives 2, Krebs cycle gives 2, and ETC gives 34. The exam tests this with all three stages as options. Students who only remember "ETC gives the most" without knowing the specific number sometimes hesitate between Krebs and ETC.

Sample Questions

Which pathway yields the maximum number of ATP molecules in aerobic respiration? A. Glycolysis B. Fermentation C. Electron Transport Chain D. Krebs Cycle
Answer: C

The correct site for oxidative phosphorylation in plant cells is: A. Cytosol B. Matrix of mitochondria C. Inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae) D. Thylakoid membrane
Answer: C

Fill in the Blank The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is __________.
Answer: oxygen (O₂)

Lesson 15 – Circulation of Body Fluids

Haemolymph in cockroaches does not carry respiratory gases. Cockroaches breathe through spiracles directly — their blood has no role in gas transport. Its jobs are nutrient transport and maintaining hydrostatic pressure. Ostia allow blood to enter the heart from the pericardial sinus. Both facts appear in MCQs regularly and students who have not specifically studied the cockroach circulatory system tend to apply human biology logic, which gives the wrong answer.

Students who need NIOS Class 12 Intext and Terminal Questions for Biology 314 can get the complete chapter-wise set from Unnati Education.

Sample Questions

Which of the following best defines the role of haemolymph in cockroaches? A. Oxygen transport and clotting B. Transport of respiratory gases only C. Hydrostatic pressure maintenance and nutrient transport D. Hormone transport and CO₂ removal
Answer: C

Fill in the Blank Structures called __________ allow blood to enter the cockroach heart from the pericardial sinus.
Answer: ostia

Lesson 17 – Coordination and Control

Two brain region questions come back every year. First: the hypothalamus controls hunger, thirst, and body temperature. Second: the thalamus is the relay centre for pain and pleasure sensations. Students frequently swap these two. If you remember that the hypothalamus sits below (hypo = under) and regulates basic survival drives, and the thalamus sits above it and relays sensory information, you will never confuse them again.

Sample Questions

Which part of the human brain controls hunger, thirst, and body temperature regulation? A. Cerebrum B. Cerebellum C. Thalamus D. Hypothalamus
Answer: D

The part of the brain that acts as a relay centre for pain and pleasure sensations is: A. Medulla B. Pons C. Thalamus D. Cerebellum
Answer: C

Fill in the Blank The __________ is responsible for maintaining balance and coordinating muscular movements.
Answer: cerebellum

Module III – Reproduction and Heredity

Lesson 22 – Principles of Genetics

Genetics questions in the objective section are numerical and precise. Monohybrid F2 ratio is 3:1. Dihybrid F2 ratio is 9:3:3:1. In incomplete dominance (like snapdragon flowers), the F2 ratio is 1 Red : 2 Pink : 1 White, which is a 1:2:1 ratio. Students often confuse this with the 3:1 ratio of complete dominance. The exam specifically tests whether you know the difference.

Sample Questions

In incomplete dominance, what is the F2 ratio of a cross between red (RR) and white (rr) flowered snapdragon plants? A. 1 Red : 1 White : 2 Pink B. 1 Pink : 2 White : 1 Red C. 1 Red : 2 Pink : 1 White D. 3 Red : 1 White
Answer: C

Fill in the Blank The F2 phenotypic ratio in a dihybrid cross under complete dominance is __________.
Answer: 9:3:3:1

True or False In codominance, both alleles are expressed simultaneously in the phenotype.
Answer: True

Lesson 23 – Molecular Inheritance and Gene Expression

The Hershey-Chase experiment used ³²P to label DNA and showed that radioactivity entered the bacteria — confirming DNA is the hereditary material. That specific detail (³²P, not ³⁵S) is what the exam tests. Similarly, adenine-thymine pairs are held by 2 hydrogen bonds, and guanine-cytosine pairs are held by 3. Two numbers. Easy to confuse under exam pressure. Worth knowing cold.

Sample Questions

Which experiment used radioactive phosphorus (³²P) to confirm DNA as genetic material? A. Griffith's experiment B. Avery–McCarty experiment C. Hershey–Chase experiment D. Beadle–Tatum experiment
Answer: C

In the Watson-Crick model, adenine and thymine are connected by how many hydrogen bonds? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four
Answer: B

Fill in the Blank Guanine and cytosine are connected by __________ hydrogen bonds in the DNA double helix.
Answer: three (3)

Module IV – Environment and Health

Lesson 25 – Principles of Ecology

Ecology objective questions are very direct — which ecosystem has highest biomass, which group occupies the sediment layer, how much energy transfers between trophic levels. The 10% energy transfer rule is probably the single most tested fact in this lesson.

Sample Questions

Which ecosystem has the highest standing biomass and productivity? A. Grassland B. Desert C. Tropical rainforest D. Tundra
Answer: C

Fill in the Blank The percentage of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next is approximately __________.
Answer: 10%

True or False Producers occupy the first trophic level in any food chain.
Answer: True

Module V – Emerging Areas in Biology

Lesson 30 – Biotechnology and Lesson 31 – Immunobiology

Biotechnology questions test the definition of the field and the scope of gene therapy. Huntington's Disease is not yet a target of somatic gene therapy — this appears as a direct exclusion MCQ. In immunology, an effective antigen must be foreign to the body, chemically complex, and have a molecular weight of at least 10,000 Daltons. Memory B-cells are what give vaccines their long-term effect — they recognise the antigen quickly on re-exposure. Both facts appear in objective questions every year.

Sample Questions

Which of the following correctly defines biotechnology? A. Industrial use of non-living materials to produce organic compounds B. Industrial application of biological principles to generate artificial life C. Use of living organisms and their processes for industrial and human welfare D. Study of living organisms for agricultural purposes
Answer: C

Which feature must a molecule possess to act as an effective antigen? A. Molecular weight below 5,000 Daltons B. Must be self-derived C. Should be chemically simple D. Must possess chemical complexity and foreign nature
Answer: D

Fill in the Blank Memory __________ cells are responsible for the rapid immune response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.
Answer: B (Memory B-cells)

True or False Somatic gene therapy involves modifying germline cells that pass to future generations.
Answer: False

Most Tested Topics at a Glance

Common Mistakes Students Make in Biology 314 Exam

• Picking flagellum instead of pili in the conjugation question — both are surface structures, but flagella are for movement, not DNA transfer.
• Writing that bryophytes have phloem but lack xylem, when they have neither.
• Saying P680 is PSI when P700 is PSI and P680 is PSII — the number is the key, not the label.
• Confusing ETC with Krebs cycle in the maximum ATP question — Krebs gives only 2 ATP, ETC gives 34.
• Mixing up hypothalamus and thalamus under exam pressure because they look similar and sit near each other in textbook diagrams.
• Getting the hydrogen bond numbers wrong — A-T is 2, G-C is 3 — and writing it the other way around.
• Not preparing Module V at all and then losing straightforward marks on biotechnology and immunobiology that took less than an hour to read.

About Unnati Education

Unnati Education has been working with NIOS students since 2010. The Biology 314 booklet we have built covers all 31 lessons across all 5 modules with correct answers and clear working for every question. We know which chapters NIOS exams target more than others, and the booklet reflects that. Along with the objective question booklet, we also provide solved TMAs, previous year question papers with complete solutions, and chapter-wise notes — all updated for both the April and October 2026 NIOS exam cycles.

How to Get the Complete Solutions

If you want the full NIOS Class 12 Biology 314 important questions booklet with complete solutions for 2026, or if you need previous year question papers, solved TMAs, or chapter notes for any module, contact Unnati Education today.

Phone and WhatsApp: 9654279279 or 9899436384 Website: unnatieducations.com/nios

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. Are these NIOS Class 12 Biology 314 important questions enough for the 2026 exam?

These chapter-wise questions cover the most important objective topics from all 5 modules and 31 lessons of NIOS Biology 314. They are a focused and reliable resource for 2026 exam preparation. For the complete solution booklet with answers and full working, contact Unnati Education and get your copy without any delay.

Q2. Where can I get or download the NIOS Biology 314 important questions PDF for 2026?

Unnati Education provides a complete NIOS Biology 314 important questions PDF with MCQs, fill in the blanks, and true or false questions from all chapters, with full answers and explanations. Call or WhatsApp at 9654279279 or 9899436384 and our team will share the complete material with you quickly and directly without any waiting at all.

Q3. Does the booklet cover genetics, biotechnology, and immunobiology from Biology 314?

Yes, the Unnati Education booklet for NIOS Biology 314 covers objective questions from all 5 modules, including genetics and molecular inheritance from Module III, ecology from Module IV, and biotechnology and immunobiology from Module V. Every question has a correct answer with a clear explanation. Contact us for the complete 2026 booklet.

Q4. Can I get previous year question papers for NIOS Biology 314 from Unnati Education?

Yes, Unnati Education provides previous year question papers with complete solutions for NIOS Biology 314. These papers show how questions are framed, which chapters carry more weight, and what specific facts the objective section targets across all modules. Call or WhatsApp at 9654279279 or 9899436384 to get the full paper set for the 2026 exam cycle.

Q5. Is the Unnati Education booklet valid for both April and October 2026 NIOS Biology exams?

Yes, the Unnati Education objective question booklet for NIOS Biology 314 is fully valid for both the April and October 2026 NIOS exam cycles. All content is based on the current NIOS syllabus and is reviewed and updated throughout the year. Whichever exam cycle you are appearing in, this booklet prepares you for the complete objective section of your Biology paper.