NIOS Class 12 Biology 314 Solved TMA 2026

If you are staring at your Biology 314 assignment booklet and wondering how much detail each answer actually needs, you are not the only one. The NIOS Class 12 Biology 314 Solved TMA for the October 2026 session is ready, and it covers every question in your booklet with answers shaped the way an evaluator likes to read them.

Written by Prateek Talwar. Reviewed by Rohit Sharma, Senior NIOS Counsellor. Last updated 18 July 2026.

We prepared this set by working through the prescribed NIOS Biology textbook lesson by lesson, so each response stays accurate, stays inside the given word limit and reads naturally when you copy it into your own handwriting. Below you will find the full question list from the booklet, two complete sample answers so you can judge the quality yourself, and a simple way to get the rest.

What Is Included in the NIOS Class 12 Biology 314 Solved TMA

This solved set answers all six questions from the October 2026 booklet, including the internal choice options and the project work. Wherever the booklet asks you to attempt any one part, we have solved the option that is clearest to write and easiest to defend if a tutor asks a follow up.

Short answer questions are held to the stated 40 to 60 word range, and the descriptive questions sit within the 100 to 150 word range. Comparison points are laid out as small tables, and the project questions come with a ready model that you can adapt to your own plants or family observations without any guesswork.

You receive the complete document in typed PDF form, and a handwritten version is available if your study centre prefers a written submission. The content follows the same terminology and lesson references that your NIOS book uses, so nothing feels out of place when you sit down to reproduce it.

Why the Biology 314 TMA Matters for Your Final NIOS Result

The Tutor Marked Assignment is your internal, continuous assessment component, and the marks you earn on it are added to your final Biology 314 result. A well written assignment is one of the few parts of the course where you have real control over the score before you ever enter the examination hall, so it is worth treating seriously rather than rushing at the last moment.

If you are still unsure how the whole process works, our guide on the NIOS TMA explains submission rules, deadlines and how tutors evaluate your responses. Understanding that first makes the actual writing far less stressful.

Biology rewards precise language. Evaluators look for the right terms, correctly sequenced steps and clean labelled diagrams rather than long unfocused paragraphs. Our answers are built around that expectation, which is why they tend to read as complete without padding. For the exact weightage in the current session, always cross check the marking scheme on the official NIOS portal.

All Questions in the October 2026 Biology 314 TMA

Here is the full question paper as it appears in the booklet. Every question in our solved set is answered in full; on this page we display only two model answers so you can check the standard before deciding.

Question 1 (answer any one, about 40 to 60 words)

• a) Explain the term differential reproduction in two steps. (See Lesson 1)
• b) Give any one point of difference between the following (See Lesson 4):
  • i. Prophase of Mitosis and that of Meiosis.
  • ii. Difference between Mitotic Anaphase and Anaphase I of Meiosis.

Question 2 (answer any one, about 40 to 60 words)

• a) The three steps of urine formation in humans are tubular secretion, ultra-filtration and selective absorption (See Lesson 14):
  • i. Write them in the correct sequence of their occurrence.
  • ii. Name the microscopic parts of the kidney where each of these steps occurs.
• b) Why does a cell remain stable when placed in an isotonic solution? What happens to it if placed in a hypotonic solution? (See Lesson 8)

Question 3 (answer any one, about 40 to 60 words)

• a) Two men were claiming to be the father of a child named Mohan (See Lesson 23):
  • i. Explain how the true father can be identified.
  • ii. Suggest a conclusive method to identify the real father and name the enzyme required to make copies of a piece of DNA for the PCR used in the process.
• b) You ate a meal comprising pulses (dal) and chapatis (roti) (See Lesson 13):
  • i. In which parts of the digestive system would their digestion begin and be completed?
  • ii. Also name the end products.

Question 4 (answer any one, 100 to 150 words)

• a) Describe the role of thin and thick muscle fibres in the contraction of a striated muscle as explained by the sliding filament theory. (See Lesson 5)
• b) Mention any five organic biomolecules which living organisms synthesise using nitrogen. (See Lesson 1)

Question 5 (answer any one, 100 to 150 words)

• a) The temperature in Delhi falls to even 5°C in winter and may rise to 45°C in summer, yet our body temperature remains at 37°C. How do we make this possible? (See Lesson 18)
• b) Define the concept of homeostasis using the above example in a sentence or two. (See Lesson 18)

Question 6 (prepare any one project)

• Project 1: Collect ten plants of your choice, uproot them carefully so the roots stay intact, press them between full scape papers and record each plant across seventeen fields, from common and scientific name to habitat, adaptations, utility and collection month. (See Lesson 6)
• Project 2: Take photographs or portraits of a parent or sibling and yourself, compare inherited features such as tongue rolling, backward thumb flexing and earlobe type, then answer the linked genetics questions and draw a pedigree chart. (See Lesson 22)

A quick note on numbering. A few of the later lesson references, such as Lesson 18 for homeostasis and Lesson 22 for genetics, follow the printed booklet edition, which counts one lesson more than the current online listing. Always trust the lesson number printed next to your own question and use it to locate the topic in your book.

Sample Answers From the NIOS Class 12 Biology 314 Solved TMA

The two answers below are lifted straight from our solved document, one short and one descriptive, so you can see how each is pitched to its word limit and how the biology is kept accurate and tidy.

Sample 1: Urine formation sequence and kidney parts (Question 2a)

(i) Correct sequence of urine formation:

1. Ultra-filtration in Bowman's capsule.
2. Selective reabsorption in proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
3. Tubular secretion in distal tubule and collecting duct.

This order ensures filtration of wastes, re-absorption of useful substances, and final secretion of unwanted materials.

(ii) Microscopic parts of the kidney:

• Ultra-filtration → Glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
• Selective reabsorption → Proximal convoluted tubule, Henle's loop, and distal convoluted tubule.
• Tubular secretion → Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct.

Sample 2: Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction (Question 4a)

The sliding filament theory explains muscle contraction through the interaction of thin and thick filaments. Thin filaments are mainly composed of actin, along with regulatory proteins troponin and tropomyosin. Thick filaments are composed of myosin, with heads projecting outward. In a relaxed state, tropomyosin blocks the binding sites on actin. When calcium ions are released during stimulation, they bind with troponin, causing a shift of tropomyosin and exposing actin sites. Myosin heads attach to actin forming cross-bridges and, using energy from ATP, pull actin filaments inward. This sliding action shortens the sarcomere without changing the length of filaments, leading to contraction. Repeated cycles of cross-bridge formation and release continue as long as calcium and ATP are available. On relaxation, calcium ions are pumped back, blocking actin sites and ending contraction.

The remaining answers, including the mitosis and meiosis comparisons, the digestion question, the homeostasis descriptive answer and both project models, are written to the same standard in the complete document.

Biology 314 Chapters Covered in the NIOS Syllabus

The NIOS Biology 314 course runs across thirty lessons grouped into modules on the diversity of life, the form and function of plants and animals, reproduction and heredity, environment and health, and emerging areas such as biotechnology. The table below lists every lesson with the key topics you should be comfortable explaining, since assignment and examination questions are drawn from exactly these areas.

Lesson	Chapter title	Key topics to master
1	Origin and Evolution of Life and Introduction to Classification	Oparin and Haldane hypothesis, differential reproduction, five kingdom classification
2	The Kingdoms Monera, Protoctista and Fungi	Bacterial structure, protists, modes of fungal nutrition
3	Kingdoms Plantae and Animalia	Plant divisions, major animal phyla, bases of classification
4	Cell Structure and Function	Cell organelles, mitosis and meiosis, prophase and anaphase differences
5	Tissues and Other Levels of Organization	Plant and animal tissues, striated muscle, sliding filament theory
6	Root System	Tap and fibrous roots, regions of a root, root modifications
7	Shoot System	Stem and leaf structure, phyllotaxy, inflorescence types
8	Absorption, Transport and Water Loss in Plants	Osmosis, isotonic and hypotonic effects, transpiration
9	Nutrition in Plants and Mineral Nutrition	Essential elements, macro and micronutrients, deficiency signs
10	Nitrogen Metabolism	Nitrogen fixation, the nitrogen cycle, nitrogenous biomolecules
11	Photosynthesis	Light and dark reactions, role of chlorophyll, C3 and C4 pathways
12	Respiration in Plants	Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, aerobic and anaerobic respiration
13	Nutrition and Digestion	Digestion of carbohydrates and proteins, digestive enzymes, end products
14	Respiration and Elimination of Nitrogenous Waste	Nephron structure, ultra-filtration, steps of urine formation
15	Circulation of Body Fluids	Human heart, blood and lymph, double circulation
16	Coordination and Control, the Nervous and Endocrine Systems	Neuron and reflex arc, major hormones, feedback control
17	Homeostasis, the Steady State	Thermoregulation, role of the hypothalamus, negative feedback
18	Reproduction in Plants	Pollination, double fertilisation, seed and fruit formation
19	Growth and Development in Plants	Plant growth regulators, phases of growth, photoperiodism
20	Reproduction and Population Control	Human reproductive systems, gametogenesis, birth control methods
21	Principles of Genetics	Mendel's laws, dominance and segregation, monohybrid and dihybrid ratios
22	Molecular Inheritance and Gene Expression	DNA and RNA, replication, transcription and translation
23	Genetics and Society	DNA fingerprinting, PCR and Taq polymerase, applications in society
24	Principles of Ecology	Ecosystem components, food chains and webs, ecological pyramids
25	Conservation and Use of Natural Resources	Biodiversity, in situ and ex situ conservation, sustainable use
26	Pollution	Air, water and soil pollution, causes and control measures
27	Nutrition and Health	Balanced diet, nutrient deficiency diseases, dietary planning
28	Some Common Human Diseases	Communicable and non-communicable diseases, prevention
29	Biotechnology	Recombinant DNA technology, cloning, practical applications
30	Immunobiology, an Introduction	Antigens and antibodies, types of immunity, vaccination

If you are mapping out your full plan for the same board, our NIOS Class 12 Syllabus breakdown lays out the senior secondary subjects in the same lesson wise format, which makes long term planning across the year much simpler.

How We Prepare These Biology 314 TMA Answers

Every answer starts with the prescribed NIOS textbook, not a generic web summary. We read the exact lesson the question points to, pull out the terms and steps the chapter emphasises, and write the response so it mirrors the language your evaluator is trained to reward.

We then fit each answer to its word limit, add small comparison tables where the question asks for points of difference, and note where a labelled diagram will strengthen your submission. Descriptive answers are checked against the flow seen in earlier evaluated papers so the structure feels familiar to a tutor.

Finally the set is proofread for accurate spelling of scientific names, correct sequencing of biological processes and consistency with the booklet's own lesson references. This care is the difference between an answer that merely fills space and one that actually earns marks.

How to Get the Complete Biology 314 Solved TMA

Getting the full solution is simple. Message us on WhatsApp, tell us you need the Biology 314 October 2026 assignment, and choose whether you want the typed PDF or the handwritten file. We share the complete document with you directly on chat.

Get the Biology 314 Solved TMA on WhatsApp: 9654-279-279

Alongside the assignment, we keep a full range of NIOS Study Material for Biology 314, including practical files, previous year question papers with solutions and topic notes, so you can prepare for the whole subject from a single place rather than hunting across sites.

Who This Biology 314 TMA Solution Helps

This solved set is built for the learner who is short on time. Working adults returning to study, students juggling several subjects at once, and anyone who finds Biology terminology heavy will find that a reliable model answer removes the hardest part of the task, which is deciding what to actually write.

It also suits students who can write well but want a quality benchmark before they submit, and those who lost days to a delayed booklet and now need to catch up quickly without cutting corners on accuracy.

If you are managing more than one subject this cycle, we cover those too. Our NIOS Class 12 Solved TMA follows the same careful approach, and many students use several together across a single admission cycle.

Whatever your subject list looks like, our wider NIOS Solved TMA collection spans the popular senior secondary papers, so the same standard you see in this Biology set carries across your other subjects as well.

Biology 314 Solved TMA FAQs

What is included in the NIOS Class 12 Biology 314 Solved TMA?

The set includes complete answers to all six questions in the October 2026 Biology 314 booklet, covering the internal choice options and both project models. Short answers stay within the 40 to 60 word range and descriptive answers within 100 to 150 words. You also get comparison tables and ready project templates, delivered as a typed PDF or a handwritten file on request.

How many questions are there in the Biology 314 TMA?

The Biology 314 assignment has six main questions. The first five each carry internal choice, so you attempt any one part per question, while the sixth asks you to prepare any one project from two options. Our solved document answers the recommended choice in every question and includes a full model for the project work so nothing in the booklet is left unaddressed.

Are the Biology 314 TMA answers handwritten or typed?

Both formats are available for the Biology 314 assignment. The typed PDF is ideal if you plan to study from it or write the answers yourself, while the handwritten file suits study centres that ask for a written submission. Let us know your preference when you message us, and we will share the version that matches your centre's requirement.

Do the Biology 314 TMA marks count towards my final result?

Yes, the Biology 314 Tutor Marked Assignment is part of your internal assessment and its marks are added to your final result. Because you can prepare it calmly at home rather than under exam pressure, it is one of the safest places to secure marks. Confirm the exact weightage for your session on the official NIOS website before you submit.

Can I get the Biology 314 practical file with the Solved TMA?

Yes, we provide the Biology 314 practical file separately alongside the solved assignment. It covers the required experiments with observations and neatly labelled diagrams that meet NIOS practical expectations. Many students take the assignment and the practical file together so both parts of their internal work are ready for submission in one go, saving time during a busy session.

Is this Biology 314 Solved TMA valid for the October 2026 session?

Yes, this solved set is prepared specifically for the October 2026 Biology 314 assignment booklet. Every answer maps to the questions issued for that session and to the current textbook lessons. If NIOS revises the assignment for a later cycle, we update the solution accordingly, so always tell us your exam session when you reach out to receive the correct version.

Disclaimer: Unnati Educations is an independent academic support platform and is not affiliated with, endorsed by or connected to the National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS). All trademarks, course codes and study material references belong to their respective owners. Our solved assignments are intended as study support and reference material.

Sources: NIOS Senior Secondary Biology (314) course material and lesson list, National Institute of Open Schooling official website (nios.ac.in). Question text reproduced from the October 2026 Biology 314 assignment booklet.