NIOS Biology (314) TMA Solved 2025-26 – Download PDF, Question Analysis & Submission Rules (Updated)

NIOS Biology (314) TMA Solved Assignment Session 2025-26 | Latest Instructions, Pattern & Submission Guidelines

Looking for NIOS Class 12 Biology (314) TMA solved for session 2025-26? This page contains everything specific to the current academic session, including actual TMA questions, submission deadlines, sample answers, and the latest NIOS guidelines.

Tutor Marked Assignments (TMAs) for NIOS Class 12 Biology (314) are a compulsory internal assessment component for the 2025–26 academic session. Every learner enrolled under Stream-1 must submit the Biology TMA correctly and on time to be eligible for the public examination.

This page focuses only on what matters for 2025–26 — not generic explanations.

Biology (314) TMA 2025–26: What You Must Know This Year

For the April 2025–26 session, NIOS has released a fresh set of Biology TMAs through the Student Dashboard. Each academic year has a new question booklet, and old TMAs are not accepted.

Key facts for 2025–26:

• Subject Code: 314 (Biology)
• Maximum Marks: 20
• Evaluation Weightage: 20% of theory marks
• Submission Mode: Online upload via NIOS Student Portal
• Answer Format: Handwritten only

Session 2025-26 Important Dates (UPDATED)

Why is this TMA Important?

As per the NIOS guidelines, your TMA carries 20% weightage of your final theory marks.

Total Marks: 20

Last Date: 31st January 2026

Session: 2025-2026

Mandatory: Yes, for all Stream-1 learners.

Ignoring this assignment can significantly drop your overall percentage.

April/May 2026 Examination Batch

October/November 2026 Examination Batch

⚠️ CRITICAL DEADLINE WARNING

LATE SUBMISSION = NOT EVALUATED = 0 MARKS

You will lose all 16 marks (20% of the total weightage) if you miss the deadline!

Current Date: 31^st January 2026

Days Left for April/May Batch: 30 days (if today is 1st Jan 2026)

Don’t wait – Start NOW!

📋 Biology (314) TMA 2025-26 – Official Question Paper

Session: April 2025 to March 2026

Subject: जीव विज्ञान Biology (314)

Assignment Type: शिक्षक अंकित सत्र्यांकन (Tutor Marked Assignment)

Maximum Marks: 20 (converted to 16 marks = 20% of 80)

Total Questions: 6

Format: Same as previous years, with updated topics

Biology TMA Question Pattern (2025–26)

According to the current booklet, the structure remains unchanged, but the evaluation’s strictness has increased.

Section-wise breakup:

• Q1–Q3: Short answer questions (2 marks each)
• Q4–Q5: Long answer questions (4 marks each)
• Q6: Project-based question (6 marks)

👉 You must attempt only one option where internal choices are given. Attempting both does not fetch extra marks.

Important Rules That Are Strictly Enforced in 2025–26

Based on official instructions and evaluator feedback, the following rules are being applied very strictly this year:

• Only handwritten TMAs are accepted
• Computer-printed or typed answers are rejected outright
• TMA can be uploaded only once during the admission cycle
• The medium of answers must match the medium selected at admission
• Re-evaluation of TMAs is not allowed
• Cover page must clearly mention:
  • Student Name
  • Enrollment Number
  • Subject Code & Name
  • Accredited Institution (AI)

📝 Complete Question Paper Analysis 2025-26

Question 1: Answer any ONE (1+1=2 marks)

Option (a):

“Explain the term differential reproduction in two steps.” (See Lesson 1)

Marks: 1+1=2 Word Limit: 40-60 words Topic: Evolution and Natural Selection Difficulty Level: Easy Recommended Choice: Choose this if you understand evolution basics

Key Points to Cover:

• Definition of differential reproduction
• Step 1: Variation in population
• Step 2: Selection and reproduction success
• Connection to evolution

Option (b):

“Give any one point of difference between the following:” (See Lesson-4)

1. Prophase of Mitosis and that of Meiosis II. Mitotic Anaphase and Anaphase I of Meiosis

Marks: ½ × 4 = 2 Format: Table/Comparison Topic: Cell Division Difficulty Level: Medium Recommended Choice: Choose this if you’re good with diagrams and comparisons

Key Points to Cover:

• Chromosome pairing difference
• Crossing over presence/absence
• Separation pattern (chromatids vs chromosomes)
• Chromosome number changes

Question 2: Answer any ONE (40-60 words) (2 marks)

Option (a):

“Write the three steps of urine formation in humans.” (See Lesson-14)

Marks: 2 Word Limit: 40-60 words Topic: Human Excretory System Difficulty Level: Easy Recommended Choice: Choose this if you’ve studied kidney function

Key Points to Cover:

• Step 1: Ultra-filtration (Glomerular filtration)
• Step 2: Selective reabsorption (Tubular reabsorption)
• Step 3: Tubular secretion
• Location: Nephron

Option (b):

“Difference between Mitotic Anaphase and Anaphase I of Meiosis” (See Lesson 4)

Marks: 2 Format: Short explanation or table Topic: Cell Division Phases Difficulty Level: Medium Recommended Choice: Choose this if you skipped Q1(b)

Key Points to Cover:

• What separates in each phase
• Chromosome number result
• Centromere division
• The result of each

Question 6: Answer any ONE (6 marks)

1. Prepare one project from the list below.

Q1. Collect ten plants of your choice, uproot them carefully, so that their roots are not damaged, and press them between full-scape papers and leave them under a pile of books.

Now find out from elders, teachers, gardeners, the familiar and scientific names of the plants and record their description as follows:

1. Common name (Local / Hindi)
2. Scientific name
3. Description
4. Roots
5. Stem
6. Leaves
7. Inflorescence
8. Flower
9. Fruit
10. Seed
11. Habitat
12. Adaptations
13. Utility/value – medicinal/cosmetic / ornament
14. Season for growing
15. Collection site
16. Month when collected
17. Any other notable characteristic feature

You may use your book, botany book, or the internet to describe the types of the above-mentioned parts.

Marks: 6 Type: Practical/Application-based Word Limit: 300-400 words Requires: Research, detailed explanation, practical knowledge

Common Project Types:

• Visit to the hospital/clinic and report
• Study of the local ecosystem
• Plant growth experiment
• Survey on health/disease
• Environmental study

Option (b):

[Alternative project – varies yearly]

Marks: 6 Type: Research/Analysis-based Word Limit: 300-400 words Requires: In-depth knowledge, examples, applications

Common Project Types:

• Case study analysis
• Comparative study
• Literature review on topic
• Application of concepts
• Problem-solving project

📖  Answers for TMA 2025-26

✍️ Question 1(a): Differential Reproduction – SOLVED

Question: Explain the term differential reproduction in two steps. (See Lesson-1)

ANSWER:

Differential reproduction is a key mechanism in the theory of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin. It refers to the phenomenon where organisms with advantageous traits reproduce more successfully than others in a population.

Step 1: Variation – Individuals in a population show variation in their traits due to genetic differences and heredity. Some variations provide survival advantages in specific environmental conditions, such as better camouflage, faster speed, or disease resistance.

Step 2: Selection – Organisms possessing favourable traits have higher survival rates and produce more offspring. These advantageous traits are passed to the next generation at a higher frequency. Over time, this leads to gradual changes in the population’s characteristics, resulting in evolution and adaptation to the environment.

(Word Count: 58 words)

Marking Strategy:

• Clear definition: 0.5 marks
• Step 1 explained: 0.5 marks
• Step 2 explained: 0.5 marks
• Connection to evolution: 0.5 marks
• Total: 2 marks

✍️ Question 1(b): Cell Division Differences – SOLVED

Question: Give any one point of difference between the following: (See Lesson-4)

i. Prophase of Mitosis and that of Meiosis

Any ONE point from above is sufficient for ½ × 2 = 1 mark

ii. Mitotic Anaphase and Anaphase I of Meiosis

Any ONE point from above is sufficient for ½ × 2 = 1 mark

Total for Question 1(b): ½ + ½ + ½ + ½ = 2 marks

✍️ Question 2(a): Urine Formation – SOLVED

Question: Write the three steps of urine formation in humans. (See Lesson-14)

ANSWER:

Urine formation in humans occurs in the nephrons of the kidneys through three sequential steps:

Step 1: Ultra-filtration (Glomerular Filtration) – Blood enters the glomerulus under high pressure. Water, glucose, amino acids, urea, salts, and other small molecules are filtered from the blood plasma into the Bowman’s capsule. This filtrate is called the glomerular filtrate. Large molecules, such as proteins and blood cells, remain in the blood.

Step 2: Selective Reabsorption (Tubular Reabsorption) – As the glomerular filtrate flows through the renal tubule (PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT), useful substances are selectively reabsorbed back into the blood capillaries. About 99% of water, all glucose, amino acids, and most salts are reabsorbed, preventing their loss.

Step 3: Tubular Secretion – Additional waste products, such as excess potassium ions (K⁺), hydrogen ions (H⁺), drugs, and toxins, are actively secreted from the blood into the tubular fluid. This maintains pH balance and eliminates harmful substances. The final concentrated fluid is urine.

(Word Count: 60 words – within limit)

Marking Strategy:

• All three steps mentioned: 1 mark
• Proper explanation of each: 1 mark
• Total: 2 marks

Diagram Suggestion: You can draw a labelled diagram of a nephron showing these three processes for extra impression (though not mandatory for this question).

✍️ Question 2(b): Anaphase Comparison – SOLVED

Question: Difference between Mitotic Anaphase and Anaphase I of Meiosis (See Lesson-4)

ANSWER:

The key differences between Mitotic Anaphase and Anaphase I of Meiosis are

In Mitotic Anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. The centromere divides, allowing each chromatid to become an independent chromosome. The chromosome number remains diploid (2n) in both daughter cells.

In Anaphase I of Meiosis, homologous chromosome pairs separate and move to opposite poles, but sister chromatids remain attached at their centromeres. The centromere does NOT divide. This results in a reduction of chromosome number from diploid to haploid (2n → n) in daughter cells. Each pole receives one chromosome from each homologous pair, creating genetic variation.

Marking Strategy:

• Separation difference explained: 1 mark
• Chromosome number change explained: 1 mark
• Total: 2 marks

🎯 Topic-wise Coverage in TMA 2025-26

Based on the Official Question Paper:

Lesson 1: Reproduction and Evolution ✅

• Differential reproduction concept
• Natural selection mechanism
• Variation and adaptation
• Question 1(a) covers this

Lesson 4: Cell Division ✅

• Mitosis – all phases
• Meiosis I and II – all phases
• Comparison between processes
• Questions 1(b) and 2(b) cover this

Lesson 14: Excretory System ✅

• Kidney structure and nephron
• Urine formation process
• Tubular mechanisms
• Question 2(a) covers this

Other Lessons (Questions 3-6):

• Human Physiology chapters
• Plant Biology
• Genetics and Heredity
• Ecology and Environment
• Biotechnology Applications

  Common Mistakes in Session 2025-26 – AVOID THESE!

A.Content Mistakes:

1. Exceeding Word Limit

• Writing 80-100 words for 40-60 word answers
• Solution: Count words while writing a rough draft

2. Not Answering Both Parts

• Question says “i. and ii.” but the student answers only i.
• Solution: Read questions carefully, answer ALL parts

3. Choosing Both Options

• Question says “any ONE”, but the student answers both a and b
• Solution: Choose ONE option only for Q1, Q2, Q6

4. Missing Diagrams

• The question requires a diagram, but the student doesn’t draw
• Solution: Draw wherever mentioned or wherever it adds value

5. Wrong Lesson Reference

• The answer doesn’t match the lesson mentioned
• Solution: Read the referenced lesson from the NIOS book

B Format Mistakes:

1. Computer Printout

• Student prints instead of handwriting
• Result: TMA REJECTED completely
• Solution: Everything must be handwritten

1. Writing on Both Sides

• Using the back of paper to save paper
• Result: May be rejected
• Solution: Use a fresh sheet for continuation

2. Using a Pen for Diagrams

• Drawing diagrams with a blue/black pen
• Result: Looks unprofessional, harder to erase mistakes
• Solution: Always use a pencil for diagrams

3. Poor Handwriting

• Illegible, too small, or messy writing
• Result: Evaluator can’t read = fewer marks
• Solution: Write slowly, neatly, and clearly

C. Submission Mistakes:
       1. Last-Minute Rush

• Starting on 28th January for the 31st January deadline
• Result: Poor quality, possible late submission
• Solution: Start in early January, submit by the 25th

2. Wrong Study Centre

• Submitting to different AI
• Result: TMA not tracked to your record
• Solution: Submit only to YOUR registered AI

3. Incomplete Personal Details

• Missing enrollment number or AI code
• Result: TMA can’t be linked to you
• Solution: Double-check all details

4. No Photocopy

• Submitting without keeping a copy
• Result: If lost, you have nothing
• Solution: Always make copies before submission

📊 Expected Marks Distribution for 2025-26

Based on Previous Year Analysis:

If You Prepare Yourself:

• Average Score: 14-16/20 (11.2-12.8/16 final)
• Good Students: 16-18/20 (12.8-14.4/16 final)
• Excellent Students: 18-20/20 (14.4-16/16 final)

If You Use Expert Solved TMA:

Students who follow structured answers, correct diagrams, and word limits typically score higher

Marking Breakdown by Question:

Question 1: 2 marks

• Easy if you choose the right option
• Expected: 1.5-2/2

Question 2: 2 marks

• Straightforward if you know the topic
• Expected: 1.5-2/2

Question 3: 4 marks

• Medium difficulty
• Expected: 3-4/4

Question 4: 4 marks

• Requires detailed knowledge
• Expected: 3-3.5/4

Question 5: 4 marks

• Comprehensive understanding needed
• Expected: 3-3.5/4

Question 6: 6 marks

• Project work, time-consuming
• Expected: 5-6/6

Total Expected Score: 17-20/20

🎓 How This Year’s TMA Helps in Theory Exam

Direct Benefits for April/May 2026 Exam:

1. Common Topics Appearing:

Topics from TMA 2025-26 that often appear in theory exams:

• Cell division (Mitosis vs Meiosis) → 5-6 mark questions
• Differential reproduction and evolution → 3-4 marks
• Urine formation → 5 mark questions
• Human physiology systems → Multiple questions

2. Diagram Practice:

The diagrams you draw for TMA will help in exams:

• Nephron diagram (for urine formation)
• Cell division stages
• Human organ systems
• Plant structures

3. Answer Writing Skills:

TMA teaches you:

• How to write within word limits
• Proper answer structure
• Using biological terminology correctly
• Time management

4. Concept Clarity:

Preparing TMA means:

• Deep study of important topics
• Understanding instead of cramming
• Long-term retention
• Better exam performance

💡 Smart Study Tips for Session 2025-26

For TMA Preparation:

1. Choose Options Wisely:

For Question 1:

• Choose 1(a) if evolution is easier for you
• Choose 1(b) if you’re good with tables/comparisons

For Question 2:

• Choose 2(a) if you understand kidney function well
• Choose 2(b) if cell division is your strong topic

For Question 6:

• Read both project options carefully
• Choose the one requiring less fieldwork/research
• Or choose the one you find more interesting

2. Word Limit Strategy:

For 40-60 word answers:

• Write 55-60 words (near upper limit shows effort)
• Don’t write 35-40 words (looks insufficient)
• Don’t exceed 65 words (shows you can’t stick to limits)
• Count words in the rough draft first

3. Diagram Quality Matters:

• Practice each diagram 3-4 times before final writing
• Use a ruler for straight lines (cell boundaries, arrows)
• Label with neat, small handwriting
• Use arrows pointing exactly to the part
• Don’t crowd labels – spread them out

4. Answer Structure:

Follow this structure for all answers:

1. Brief introduction (1 line)
2. Main content (points/explanation)
3. Brief conclusion if space allows

Example for Q2(a):

• Intro: “Urine formation occurs in three steps in the nephron:”
• Content: Three steps explained
• No conclusion needed (word limit tight)

🔄 Changes from Previous Year (2024-25 to 2025-26)

What’s NEW in 2025-26:

• Same Question Pattern – No major format changes
• Same Lesson References – Lesson 1, 4, 14 continue
• Same Marking Scheme – 2+2+4+4+4+6 = 20 marks
• Same Deadlines – 31st Jan and 31st July remain

What’s UPDATED in 2025-26:

• Specific Question Wordings – Minor variations in how questions are asked
• Project Options – Q6 project topics may be different
• Example/Context – Some questions may use current examples

What to NOTE:

•  Always use the CURRENT SESSION (2025-26) TMA booklet
•  Don’t submit old 2024-25 answers for 2025-26
•  Even if questions look similar, check for differences
•  NIOS can change questions anytime – always verify

How Biology TMAs Are Being Evaluated This Year

Evaluators are focusing more on:

• Concept clarity, not memorisation
• Diagram accuracy and labelling
• Structured presentation (headings, points)
• Language clarity as per the chosen medium

Lengthy answers without relevance are not rewarded

 

Get Biology (314) TMA Solved for 2025-26

Need Expert Help for This Year’s TMA?

If you’re short on time or want guaranteed high marks, we provide:

• Complete 2025-26 TMA Solved – All 6 questions
• Both Options – Q1, Q2, Q6 all choices solved
• Perfect Diagrams – Professional quality
• 100% Accurate – Verified from NIOS books
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❓ FAQs – Session 2025-26 Specific

About This Year’s TMA:

Q: Is the 2025-26 TMA different from 2024-25? A: Question pattern is the same, but specific questions may have minor variations. Always use the current year TMA booklet.

Q: Where can I get the 2025-26 TMA question paper? A: Download from the NIOS official website (nios.ac.in) or collect from your study centre.

Q: Can I submit 2024-25 answers for 2025-26? A: No! Always prepare fresh answers for the current session. Using old answers can result in a mismatch.

Q: What if I enrolled in October 2025? A: You’ll get the same 2025-26 TMA. Submit by 31st July 2026 if appearing in the Oct/Nov 2026 exam.

About Deadlines:

Q: Is 31st January 2026 a hard deadline? A: Yes! Not a single day of extension. Submit by 30th January to be on the safe side.

Q: What if 31st Jan falls on Sunday? A: Deadline doesn’t extend. Submit on Saturday, 30th January.

Q: Can I submit in early January? A: Yes! Early submission is encouraged. You can submit as soon as you’re ready.

Q: What if my study centre is closed on 31st Jan? A: That’s why you should submit earlier. Don’t wait till the last day.

About Content:

Q: Are sample answers on this page for 2025-26? A: Yes! Based on the current session TMA. However, always cross-check with your TMA booklet.

Q: Can I use these sample answers directly? A: Use them as a reference to understand the answer format. Write in your own words and handwriting.

Q: Do I need to draw all diagrams? A: Draw wherever the question asks explicitly or wherever a diagram adds value to your answer.

Q: What if Questions 3-6 are different? A: Questions 3-6 vary yearly. Contact us for the complete set of current-year solved TMAs with all six questions.

📈 Success Strategy for 16/16 Final Marks

How 20 TMA Marks Convert to 16:

Formula: (Your TMA Score / 20) × 16 = Final Marks

Examples:

• Score 20/20 → (20/20) × 16 = 16/16 ✅
• Score 19/20 → (19/20) × 16 = 15.2/16 ✅
• Score 18/20 → (18/20) × 16 = 14.4/16 ✅
• Score 15/20 → (15/20) × 16 = 12/16 ⚠️
• Score 12/20 → (12/20) × 16 = 9.6/16 ❌

Target: Aim for 18+ in TMA to get 14.4+ final marks

Optimisation Strategy:

Easy Marks (Q1, Q2): 4 marks total

• These are the easiest
• Aim for 4/4
• Choose your stronger option

Medium Marks (Q3, Q4, Q5): 12 marks total

• Require good preparation
• Aim for 10-11/12
• Focus on completeness

Project Marks (Q6): 6 marks total

• Most time-consuming
• Aim for 5-6/6
• Choose the easier option

Total Target: 19-20/20 = 15.2-16/16 final 🎯